Abstract
The classical situation of the ectopic ureter causing incontinence in the girl is well recognised and adequately described (Schulman, 1972; Malek et al., 1972). The possible sites for the ectopic orifice are at the bladder neck, in the upper urethra, in the lower urethra, beside the external urinary meatus and in the vagina. Rare ectopic openings in the rectum are described (Uson and Schulman, 1972). In the upper urethra reflux is common, but incontinence does not necessarily occur. In the lower urethra reflux is not common but incontinence is the rule. In the mid-urethra reflux and incontinence are both possible, and to some extent the incontinence represents the return of urine which has temporarily distended the ureter during micturition. In some cases the upper end of the ureter is atretic and derived from a non-functioning renal element, while the lower end is dilated and may appear as a urethral diverticulum (Van Houtte, 1970). Ectopic ureteroceles are described separately in the next chapter.
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© 1974 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Williams, D.I. (1974). Ectopic Ureter. In: Urology in Childhood. Handbuch der Urologie / Encyclopedia of Urology, vol 15 / 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65687-3_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65687-3_11
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