Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Uranium · Plutonium Transplutonic Elements pp 929–940Cite as

Medical Uses: Americium-241; Californium-252

  • Chapter

Abstract

Radioactive isotopes in general have become an essential part of clinical medicine. In diagnostic procedures, the rate of appearance, the localization and the disappearance of small amounts of internally administered radionuclides are used to determine such factors as organ size and function. In therapeutic uses, isotope sources deliver large amounts of ionizing radiation to selected areas of the body.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anger, H. O.: Whole-body scanner Mark II. J. nucl. Med. 7, 311 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkins, H.L., Fairchild, R. G., Robertson, J. S., Lehman, W.P.: Comparison of irradiation by californium-252 and radium on the skin of swine. Radiology 96, 161–165 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barendsen, G. W.: Dose-survival curves of human cells in tissue culture irradiated with alpha-, beta, 20 KV X- and 200 KV X-radiation. Nature (Lond.) 193, 1153–1155 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barendsen, G. W., Bensker, T. L. J., Vergroesen, A. J., Budke, L.: Effects of different ionizing radiations on human cells in tissue culture. II. Biological experiments. Radiat. Res. 13, 841–849 (1960).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, R. J., Brennan, J. T., Mettler, F. A., Werner, J. L.: Survival of murine leukemia cells exposed to 252Cf neutrons under conditions simulating implantation of these radiation sources with tissue in radiotherapy. Abstract Cd-7, 18th Annual Meeting, Radiation Research Society. Radiat. Res. 48, 215–216 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brennan, J. T.: Fast neutrons for radiation therapy. Radiol. Clin. N. Amer. 7, No 2, 365–374 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bushong, S. C., Prasad, N., Briney, S. A., Oliver, G. D.: The oxygen enhancement ratio of californium-252, Abstract Cd-5, 18th Annual Meeting, Radiation Research Society. Radiat. Res. 43, 214–215 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, J. R., Sorenson, J.: Measurement of bone mineral in vivo: An improved method. Science 142, 230–232 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fairchild, R. G., Drew, R. M., Atkins, H. L.: The relative biological effect of 252Cf radiation on HeLa cells in culture. Radiology 93, 1187–1189 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fairchild, R. G., Drew, R. M., Atkins, H. L.: The oxygen enhancement ratio for protracted irradiation with 252Cf. Radiology 96, 661–665 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fillmore, F. L.: Recommended values for the number of neutrons per fission. J. nucl. Energy 22, 79–97 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler, J .: In: Modern trends in radiotherapy (T. J. Deeley and C.A. Woods, eds.). London: Butterworth 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghiorso, A., James, R. A., Morgan, L. O., Seaborg, G. T.: Preparation of transplutonium isotopes by neutron irradiation. Phys. Rev. 78, 472 (1950).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, E. J.: RBE and OER measurements for the mixed neutron and gamma-ray emission from californium-252, Abstract Cd-4, 18th Annual Meeting, Radiation Research Society. Radiat. Res. 43, 214 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, E. J., Cavanagh, J.: The oxygen effect for acute and protracted radiation exposures measured with seedlings of vicia faba. Brit. J. Radiol. 40, 128–133 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, E. J., Fairchild, R. G.: Radiobiological measurements with californium-252. Brit. J. Radiol. 43, 263–266 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffer, P. B., Charleston, D. B., Beck, R. N., Gottschalk, A.: Fluorescent scanning; a new investigative technique. In: Medical radioisotope scintigraphy, vol. 1, p. 261–271. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffer, P.B., Gottschalk, A.: Fluorescent thyroid scanning. Radiology 99, 117–124 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffer, P.B., Polcyn, R. E., Moody, R., Lowe, H. J., Gottschalk, A.: Fluorescent detection: Application to the study of cerebral blood flow. J. nucl. Med. 10, 651–653 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maynard, C. D.: In: Clinical nuclear medicine. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meadows, J. W.: 252Cf fission neutron spectrum from 0.003 to 15.0 MeV. Phys. Rev. 157, 1076–1082 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGavack, B. A.: In: The thyroid. St. Louis: C. V. Mosby 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metta, D., Diamond, H., Barnes, R. F., Milsted, J., Gray, J., Jr., Henderson, D. J., Stevens, C. M.: Nuclear constants of nine transplutonium nuclides. J. inorg. nucl. Chem. 27, 33–39 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reining, W. C.: Advantages and applications of 252Cf as a neutron source. Nucl. appl. 5, 24–25 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ronai, P., Winchell, H. S., Anger, H. O., Lawrence, J. H.: Whole-body scanning of 39Fe for evaluating body distribution of erythropoietic marrow, splenic sequestration of red cells and hepatic disposition of iron. J. nucl. Med. 10, 469–474 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlea, C. S., Stoddard, D. H.: Californium isotopes proposed for intracavitary and interstitial radiation therapy with neutrons. Nature (Lond.) 206, 1058–1059 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seaborg, G. T., James, R. A., Morgan, L. O.: The new element americium (atomic number 95). In: The transuranium elements, vol. IV-14B, Paper 22.1, Nat. nucl. ener. Series, p. 1525–1553. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1949.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sorenson, J. A., Cameron, J. R.: A reliable in vivo measurement of bone mineral content. J. Bone Jt Surg. A 49, 481–497 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoddard, D. H.: Radiation properties of californium-252. USAEC Report DP-986, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Savannah River Lab., Aiken, S. C. (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, R. S.: Neutron therapy and specific ionization. Janeway Memorial Lecture. Amer. J. Roentgenol. 59, 771–785 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, S. G., Street, K., Jr., Ghiorso, A., Seaborg, G. T.: The new element californium (atomic number 98). Phys. Rev. 80, 790–796 (1950).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Withers, H. R., Oliver, G., Glenn, D. W.: Response of mouse intestine to irradiation by californium-252 neutrons. Abstract Cd-8, 18th Annual Meeting, Radiation Research Society. Radiat. Res. 43, 216 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Glenn T. Seaborg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 94122, San Francisco, California, USA

    Harold C. Hodge

  2. Department of Radiation Biology and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 14642, Rochester, New York, USA

    John B. Hursh  & J. Newell Stannard  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1973 Springer-Verlag/Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Seaborg, G.T. (1973). Medical Uses: Americium-241; Californium-252. In: Hodge, H.C., Hursh, J.B., Stannard, J.N. (eds) Uranium · Plutonium Transplutonic Elements. Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie / Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 36. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65551-7_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65551-7_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-65553-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-65551-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation