Abstract
Sport is a non-representative, competitive activity in interaction with other persons. It is primarily based on physical skill. It carries with it intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. The amount of extrinsic rewards (material and/or social) determines where, on a continuum between play and work, a specific sport activity is located.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
Adam, H.: Leibeserziehung als Ideologie. Argument 40, 398–407 (1966).
Albonico, R., Pfister-Binz, K.: Soziologie des Sports. Theoretische und methodische Grundlagen. 10. Magglinger Symposium. Basel (1971).
Allardt, E.: Nuorison harrastusket ja yhteisön rakenne (Activities and hobbies of youth and the structure of society). Helsinki (1958).
Allardt, E.:Basic approaches in comparative sociological research and the study of sport. In: Luschen, G., 14–30 (1970a).
Anger, H.: Kleingruppenforschung heute. In: Lüschen, G., 5–35 (1966).
Andersen, H.: Sport and games in Denmark in the light of sociology. Acta sociologica 2, 1–28 (1957).
Andreano, R.: No joy in Mudville. Cambridge, Mass. (1965).
Aronson, S. H.: The sociology of the bicycle. Social Forces 30, 305–312 (1952).
Aronson, E., Carlsmith, J. M.: Performance expectancy as a determinant of actual performance. J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol. 65, 178–182 (1962).
Artemov, V. A.: Ob izučenii sociologičeskogo aspekta fizičeskoj kultury (On investigation of the sociological aspects of physical culture). Teorija i praktika fizičeskoj kul’tury 26, 58–60 (1963).
Artemov, V. A.: Physical education and leisure. Intern. Rev. Sport Soc. 1, 75–84 (1966).
Asada, T.: Yoka kaiso no shorai yosoku ni kansuru kenkuy (A study on the estimation of leisure in the future). J. Hlth Phys. Educ. (Tokyo) 15, 505–512 (1965).
Asai, A.: Undo yugi shudan no kozo to kino (The structure and function of physical play groups). Osaka (1967).
Bakonyi, F.: A teśtnevelés es sport hatasa a 10–14 éves tanulók társas kapcsolataira és osztalyközösségeik alaknlására (Effects of physical education and sport on collective relations of pupils 10–14 and on the development of class collectives). Tudományos Közlemények (Budapest) 1, 218–252 (1970).
Barthel, S.: Spiele der Ostinsulaner. In: Drost, W., König, W.: Beiträge zur Völkerforschung. Berlin, 27–42 (1961).
Beisser, A. R.: Psychodynamic observations of a sport. Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Review 48, 69–76 (1961).
Bernáth, J.: Amatör és professzionista (Amateur and professional). Tornaügy 27, 263–266 (1909/1910).
Bernett, H.: Nationalsozialistische Leibeserziehung. Schorndorf (1966).
Betts, J. R.: Organized sport in industrial America. Diss., University of Michigan (1951).
Beue, E.: Some differences between middle-class and working-class grammar school boys in their attitudes towards education. Brit. J. Soc. 10, 148–152 (1959).
Bishop, D. W.: Stability of the factor structure of leisure behavior: analysis of four communities. J. Leisure Res. 2, 160–170 (1970).
Blalock, H. M.: Occupational discrimination: some theoretical propositions. Social Problems 9, 240–247 (1962).
Blücher, V.: Freizeit in der industriellen Gesellschaft. Stuttgart (1956).
Bogart, L.: The age of television. New York (1956).
Bouet, M.: The function of sport in human relations. Intern. Rev. Sport Soc. 1, 137–140 (1966).
Bouet, M.: Signification du sport. Paris (1968)
Bookhout, E. C.: Teaching behavior in relation to the social-emotional climate of physical education classes. Res. Quart. Amer. Ass. Hlth Phys. Educ. 38, 336–347 (1967).
Boynton, P. L., Wang, J. D.: Relation of the play interests of children to their economic status. J. Gen. Psychol. 64, 119–138 (1944).
Bratton, R. D.: Consensus of the relative importance of association goals and personal motives among executive members of two Canadian sports associations. Diss., University of Illinois (1970).
Bratton, R. D.: Some games of Czechoslovakia. Southern Folklore Quart. 21, 165–174 (1957).
Brewster, P. G.: Some Nigerian games with their parallels and analogues. J. Soc. African. 24, 25–48 (1954).
Brewster, P. G.: The importance of the collecting and study of games. East. Anthropologist (Lucknow) 10, 5–12 (1956).
Brookover, W. B., Smith, J., Conrad, D.: Student athletic activities at Michigan State University. East Lansing, Mich. (1956).
Brown, R. C., Cratty, B. J.: New perspectives of man in action. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. (1969).
Buggel, E.: Sport und Touristik im Urlaubsverhalten Jugendlicher und Erwachsener. Theor. u. Prax. Körperkultur 12, 360–371, 700–708 (1963).
Buggel, E.: Research on leisure pursuits in the form of sport activity regarding groups of holidaymakers. Intern. Rev. Sport Soc. 2, 55–66 (1967).
Burridge, K. O.: A Tangu game. Man 57, 88–89 (1967).
Burch, W. R.: The play world of camping: research into the social meaning of outdoor recreation. Amer. J. Soc. 70, 604–612 (1965).
Buytendijk, F. J. J.: Het voetballen. Een psychologische Studie (The game of soccer. A psychological study). Utrecht-Antwerpen (1952).
Caillois, R.: Structure et classification des jeux. Diogène 12, 62–75 (1955).
Caillois, R.: Les jeux et les hommes. Paris (1958).
Caillois, R.: Die Spiele und die Menschen. München (1963).
Catlin, G.: Letters and notes on the manners, customs, and conditions of the North American Indians. Minneapolis, Minn. (1965).
Choate, J. E.: Recreational boating: the nation’s family sport. Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. Soc. Sci. 313, 109–112 (1957).
Christenson, A.: The verdict of the scorebord. New York (1958).
Ciupak, Z.: Aspiracje wszasowiczow w zakresie kultury wypoczynku (Aspiration of vacationers for culture bound leisure activity). Kultura Fiszyczna 23, 414–417 (1969).
Ciupak, Z.: The importance of sport to juvenile education. Phys. Educ. Today (Manila), 15–19 (1963).
Clignet, R.: Modernization and the game of soccer in Cameroun. Paper at 7th World Congress of Sociology. Varna (1970).
Coffey, M. A.: The sportswoman — then and now. J. Hlth Phys. Educ. 27, 38–41 (1956).
Cohen, A. K.: Delinquent boys. Glencoe, Ill. (1955).
Cohen, M. R.: The faith of a liberal. New York (1946).
Coleman, J. S.: The adolescent subculture and academic achievement. Amer. J. Soc. 65, 337–347 (1960).
Coleman, J. S.: The adolescent society. Glencoe, Ill. (1961).
Cousins, A. N.: The failure of solidarity. In: Bell, N., Vogel, E.: The family. Glencoe, Ill. 412 (1960).
Cowell, Ch. C.: Physical education as applied social science. Educ. Res. Bull. 16, 147–155
(1937).
Cowell, Ch. C.: The contribution of physical activity to social development. Res. Amer. Ass. Hlth Phys. Educ. 31, 286–306 (1960).
Culin, S.: Games of the North American Indians. Washington, D.C. (1907).
Damm, H.: Die gymnastischen Spiele der Indonesier und Südseevölker. Leipzig (1922).
Damm, H.: Vom Wesen sogenannter Leibesübungen bei Naturvölkern. Studium Generale 13, 3–10 (1960).
Danielsson, K. F., Hausson, S.: Idrotten-En Samhällsekonomisk Faktor (Sport, a socioeconomic factor), Svensk Idrott 1903–1953. Malmö, 301–356 (1953).
Denney, R.: The astonished muse. Chicago, Ill. (1957).
Deutsch, J.: Sport und Politik. Berlin (1928).
Diem, C., Engelhardt, G.: „Sport.“In: Bernsdorf, W., Bùlow, F.: Wörterbuch der Soziologie, Stuttgart, 513–515 (1955a).
Diem, C.,: Der Sport im heutigen Leben — Gefahren und Aufgaben. Universitas 5, 485–493 (1955b).
Diem, C.,: Die Aufgaben des Sports und die moderne Kultur. In: Erziehung zur Menschlichkeit. Festschrift für Eduard Spranger. Heidelberg, 493–503 (1957).
Diem, C.,: German sport movement. Köln (1957).
Diem, C.,: The importance of sport to juvenile education. Physical Education Today (Manila. March—June, 15–19 (1963).
Diem, C.,: Weltgeschichte des Sports. Stuttgart (1960).
Draper, M.: Sport and race in South-Adrica. Johannesburg (1963).
Dumazedier, J.: Contenu culturel du loisir ouvrier dans six villes d’Europe. Rev. franç. Soc. 4, 12–21 (1963).
Dumazedier, J.: Education physique, sport et sociologie. Education physique et sport 15, 7–10 (1964).
Dumazedier, J.: Some remarks on sociological problems in relation to physical education and sports. Intern. Rev. Sport Soc. 3, 5–16 (1968).
Dunlap, H. L.: Games, sports, dancing, and other vigorous recreational activities and their function in Samoan culture. Res. Quart. Amer. Ass. Hlth Phys. Educ. 22, 298–311 (1951).
Dunning, E.: The sociology of sport. London (1971a).
Dunning, E.: The development of modern football. In: Dunning, E., 133–151 (1971b).
Dunning, E.: Some conceptual dilemmas in the sociology of sport. In: Albonico und Pfister-Binz, 34–47 (1971c).
Eagen, P. P. F.: Athletics — Medium for international good will. J. Educ. Soc. 28, 266–267 (1954–55).
Ebashi, S.: Sport, shyukyo, shakai (Sport, religion and society). Res. Phys. Education, Kyushyu University 4, 62–67 (1968).
Eckert, G.: Das I.O.C. und das Völkerrecht. Dissertation. University Bonn (1955).
Edwards, H.: The revolt of the black athlete. New York (1971).
Eggleston, J.: Secondary schools and Oxbridge blues. Brit. J. Soc. 16, 232–242 (1965).
Elias, N., Dunning, E.: Dynamics of group sports with special reference to football. Brit. J. Soc. 17, 388–402 (1966a).
Elias, N., Dunning, E.: Zur Dynamik von Sportgruppen. In: Lüschen, G., 118–134 (1966b).
Elias, N., Dunning, E.: Leisure in the spartime spectrum. In: Albonico und Pfister-Binz, 34–47 (1971).
Elkin, F., Westley, W. A.: The myth of adolescent culture. Amer. Soc. Rev. 20, 680–684 (1955).
Emerson, R. M.: Mount Everest: A case study of communication feedback and sustained group goal-striving. Sociometry 29, 213–227 (1966a).
Emerson, R. M.:Mount Everest In: Lüschen, G., 135–176 (1966b).
Erbach, G.: Sportwissenschaft und Sportsoziologie. Wiss. Z. DHfK (Leipzig) 7, 35–50 (1965).
Erbach, G.: The science of sport and sport sociology. Intern. Rev. Sport Soc. 1, 97–126 (1966).
Euler, R. von: Idrottsörelsen av Idag (Sport of today). Svensk Idrott 1903–1953. Malmö, 147–278 (1953).
Fichter, J. S.: Parochial school: A sociological study. South Bend, Ind. (1958).
Fiedler, F. E.:The leader’s psychological distance and group effectiveness. In: Cartwright, D., Zander, A.: Group dynamics. Evanston, 526–606, (1960).
Fiedler, F. E.: Leadership — a new model. Discovery 26, 12–17 (1965).
Firth, R.: A dart match in Tikopia. A study in the sociology of primitive sport. Oceania 1, 64–96 (1930).
Foster, J. C.: Play activities of children in the first six grades. Child Develop. 1, 248–254 (1930).
Frankenberg, R.: Village on the border. London (1957).
Frenkin, A.: Bŭržuaznaja sociologija a roli sporta v obščestve (The bourgeois sociology about the role of sport in society). Teorija i praktika fizičeskoj kul’tury 25, 16–22 (1962).
Frenkin, A.: Sport i politika (Sport and politics). Sport za rubežom 4, 2–6 (1963).
Frenkin, A.: The bourgeois sport sociology and its reactionary role. Teorija i praktika fizičeskoj kul’tury 28, 5–9 (1965).
Fuxloch, K.: Das Soziologische im Spiel des Kindes. Leipzig (1930).
Garrison, W. A., Scott, N. A.: Scapegoating in baseball. Amer. J. Soc. 70, 69–76 (1964) (with a reply by Grusky, O.).
Genov, F. et al.: Organizacija na fizičeskata kultura i sporta v NR Bálgarija (Organization of physical culture and sport in the peoples republic of Bulgaria). Sofia (1955).
Gerst, J. E.: Leisure, taste, and occupational milieu. Social Problems 9, 56–68 (1961).
Geyer, H.: Der Massensport und seine politische Funktionalisierung im Herrschaftssystem der sowjetischen Besatzungszone Deutschlands. Dissertation, Freie Universität Berlin (1955).
Gini, C.: Rural ritual games in Lybia. Rural Soc. 4, 283–299 (1939).
Glassford, R. G.:Organization of games and adaptive strategies of the Canadian Eskimo. In: Lüschen, G., 70–84 (1970).
Gregory, F. M.: The baseball player: an economic study. Washington (1956).
Grossing, St.: Sportliche Betätigung und Sportinteressen bei berufstätigen Jugendlichen. In: Groll und Strohmeyer, 103–110 (1970).
Groll, H., Strohmeyer, H.: Jugend und Sport. II. Internationales Seminar für Soziologie des Sports 1968. Wien 1970.
Gross, E.: A functional approach to leisure analysis. Soc. Probl. 9, 2–8 (1961).
Grusky, O.: The effects of formal structure on managerial recruitment. A study of baseball organization. Sociometry 26, 345–353 (1963a).
Grusky, O.: Managerial succession and organizational effectiveness. Amer. J. Soc. 69, 21–31 (1963b).
Habermas, J.: Soziologische Notizen zum Verhältnis von Arbeit und Freizeit. In: Konkrekte Vernunft. Festschrift für Erich Rothacker. Bonn, 219–231 (1958).
Halldén, O.: Ungdomens förenings- och fritidsliv. Organisationer och medlemmar (Youth associations and leisure activities. Organizations and membership). Statens offentliga utredningar 47. Stockholm (1966).
Halldén, O.: Idrotten i det svenska samhället. En kortfattad analys av problemen kring system, tävling och fostran. (Sport in Swedish society. A short analysis of problems of system, competition and education). Stockholm (1970).
Hammerich, K.:Leistungsforcierung im Sportunterricht und ihr Einfluß auf die Struktur von Schulklassen. In: Luschen, G., 224–236 (1966).
Hammerich, K.: Occupational career patterns of top-athletes. Paper at 7th World Congress of Sociology. Varna (1970).
Hammerich, K.: Bemerkungen zu Thesen über eine Sozialisationsfunktion von Spiel und Sport. In: Albonico und Pfister-Binz, 127–137 (1971).
Hammerich, K.: Freizeit. In: Die moderne Gesellschaft. Freiburg-Basel-Wien, 302–315 (1972).
Hanhart, D.: Arbeiter in der Freizeit. Bern-Wien-Stuttgart (1963).
Hanna, W. A.: The politics of sport. American Universities Field Staff (Southeast Asia Series, 10). Washington (1962).
Hastorf, A. H., Cantril, H.: They saw the same game: A case study. J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol. 44, 129–134 (1954).
Heinilä, K.: Vapaa-aika ja urheilu (Leisure and sports), Helsinki (1959).
Heinilä, K.: Urheilu rationallistuvassa maailmassa (Sport in the rationalistic world). Stadion 1, 13–17 (1963).
Heinilä, K.: Ideologinen ja instrumentaalisnen malli urheilupolitisessapäätoksenteossa (Ideological and instrumental models of political decisions in sport). University of Helsinki, Institute of Sociology (Publication 43). Helsingfors (1964a).
Heinilä, K.: The preference of physical activities in Finnish high schools. In: Jokl, E., Simon, E.: International research in sport and physical education. Springfield, Mass., 123–151 (1964b).
Heinilä, K.: Tyytyväiset ja tyytymättömät voimistelunopettajat (The professional dissatisfaction of the teachers in physical education). Stadion 1–2, 3–17 (1964c).
Heinilä, K.: Voimistelunopettajat ja liikuntakasvatus oppikonlon sosiaalisessa jarjestelmässä (Physical education and its teachers in high schools). University of Helsinki, Institute of Sociology (Publication 39). Helsinki (1964d).
Heinilä, K.: Notes on the inter-group conflicts in international sport. Intern. Rev. Sport Soc. 1, 30–40 (1966a).
Heinilä, K.: Istuva ja liikkuva ylioppilas (Sedentary and mobile students). Stadion 4, 4–34 (1966b).
Heinilä, K., Kiviaho, P.: Urheilujohtajien urheiluaatteet (Sport leaders’ sport ideology). University of Jyväskylä. Institute for Educational Research. Report No. 55 Jyväskylä (1970).
Helanko, R.: Sports and socialization. Acta sociologica 2, 229–240 (1957).
Helanko, R.: Theoretical aspects of play and socialization. University of Turku (Annales 70). Turku (1958).
Helanko, R.:Sport und Sozialisierung in Banden und Aggregaten. In: Lüschen, G., 254–258 (1966).
Helanko, R.: The yard community and its play activities. Intern. Rev. Sport Soc. 4, 177–187 (1969).
Henderson, R. W.: Ball, Bat, and Bishop. New York (1947).
Henderson, R. W.: Early American sport. New York (1953).
Hessen, R.: Der Sport. Frankfurt (1908).
Hollingshead, A. B.: Elmtown’s Youth. New York (1949).
Holló, Z.: Társadalmi sportszövetségek és egyesuletek ügyvitele (Administration of sport associations and clubs). Testnevelés 12–13, 856–877, 964–985, 39–70, 138–149 (1939/40).
Horkheimer, M.: New patterns in social relations. In: Jokl, E., Simon, E.: International Research in sport and physical education, Mass., 173–185 (1964).
Hoyle, E.: Organization theory and the sociology of sport. In: Albonico und Pfister-Binz, 82–93 (1971).
Howard, G. E.: Social psychology of the spectator. Amer. J. Soc. 18, 23–50 (1912).
Hrandek, R. A.: Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Wiener Vereinslebens, Österr. Z. Volksk. 61, 205–219 (1958).
Huizinga, J.: Homo Ludens. Wien-Köln-Brüssel (1938).
Hye-Kerkdal, K.: Wettkampfspiel und Dualorganisation bei den Timbira Brasiliens. In: Haekel, J., Die Wiener Schule der Völkerkunde, 504–533. Wien (1956).
Ikuta, K.: Team games ni okeru team no gyoschusei no yoin ga teamseiseki ni oyobosu koka (The effect of cohesiveness of the team on the team games). Res. J.Phys. Education 5, 43(1960).
Institut Fiziceskoj Kul’tury: Učenye zapiski (Scientific contributions). Leningrad (1966).
International Conference on Sport, Work, Culture: Reports. Helsinki (1960).
Jaeggi, U., Bosshard, R., Siegenthaler, J.: Sport und Student. Bern-Stuttgart (1963).
James, C. L. R.: Cricket in West Indian culture. New Society 36, 8–9 (1963).
Japanese Society of Physical Education. Sociology Department: Taiiku-shakaigaku senmonbunkakai hokokusho (Report of assembly of sociology department). Tokyo (1962 to 1965).
Jensen, A. E.: Spiel und Ergriffenheit. Paideuma 1, 38–48 (1948).
Johnson, W.: Physical education around the world. Indianapolis (1966–71).
Jokl, E. et al.: Sports in the cultural pattern of the world. Helsinki (1956).
Jokl, E. et al.: Medical sociology and cultural anthropology of sports and physical education. Springfield (1964).
Jordan, J. M.: The long range effect of television and other factors on sports attendance. Washington, D. C. (1951).
Jung, A.: De la désaffection de l’éducation physique dans les grandes classes. Éduc. phys. 48, 31–35 (1956).
Kaplan, M.: Leisure in America. New York (1960).
Kato, K., Ebashi, S.: Iwayuru ‘sports mura’ no shakaitekisekatsu (The sociological study on the influence of sports for rural communities). Res. J. Phys. Education 1, 203–208, 245–250 (1952);
Kato, K., Ebashi, S.: Iwayuru ‘sports mura’ no shakaitekisekatsu (The sociological study on the influence of sports for rural communities). Res. J. Phys. Education 1, 353–357 (1953).
Keating, J. W.: Sportsmanship as a moral category. Ethics 75, 25–35 (1964).
Kenyon, G. S. Loy, J. W.: Toward a sociology of sport. J. Hlth Phys. Educ. 36, 24–25, 68–69 (1965).
Kenyon, G. S.: Certain psychosocial and cultural characteristics unique to prospective teachers of physical education. Res. Quart. Amer. Ass. Hlth Phys. Educ. 36, 105–112 (1965b).
Kenyon, G. S.: Assessing attitudes toward sport and physical activity. Paper at 1st International Congress of Psychology of Sport. Roma (1965b).
Kenyon, G. S.: The significance of physical activity as a function of age, sex, education, and socio-economic status of Northern United States adults. Intern. Rev. Sport Soc. 1, 41–57 (1966).
Kenyon, G. S.: Values held for physical activity by secondary school students in Canada, Australia, England, and the U.S. Madison, Wis. (1968).
Kenyon, G. S.: Aspects of contemporary sport sociology. CIC Symposium 1968. Chicago (1969).
Kenyon, G. S.: The use of path analysis in sport sociology with special reference to involvement socialization. In: Albonico und Pfister-Binz, 151–163 (1971).
Kingsmore, J. M.: The effect of a professional wrestling and basketball contest upon the aggressive tendencies of spectators. In: Kenyon, G. S.: Contemporary psychology of sport. Chicago, 311–316 (1970).
Kiviaho, P.: Urheilipolitiikkaa vaipoliittista urheilna (Sport politics or political sports). In: Pirinen. Terve urheilun maa. Helsinki, 9–28 (1968).
Kiviaho, P.: Liikuntakasvatus ja kasvatusasenteet (Physical education and educational attitudes). Stadion 2, 80–84 (1970a).
Kiviaho, P.: Urheilujär jestöjen kannatuksen alueellinen Levinneisyys Suomessa vuonna 1965 (Regional distribution of sports association membership in Finland in 1965). University of Jyväskylä. Institute for Educational Research (Report No. 74). Jyväskylä (1970b).
Kiviaho, P.: Urheilupoliittinen aluejako Suomessa (Sports political division in territories in Finland). Stadion 3, 90–108 (1971).
Klein, M., Christiansen, G.:Gruppenkomposition, Gruppenstruktur und Effektivität von Basketballmannschaften. In: Lüschen, G., 180–191 (1966).
Klümpfel, H.: Die Idee des Sports im Spiegelbild der deutschen Presse. Dissertation. University München (1949).
Knebel, H. J.: Soziologische Strukturwandlungen in modernem Tourismus. Stuttgart (1960).
Kobayashi, A., Ikuta, S.: Aite-team no rikiryo ni taisury yosoku to ninchi ga team ni oyobosu koka (The effects of anticipation and perception about opponent’s power on team morale). Res. J. Phys. Education 5, 15–20 (1961).
König, R.:Die Gruppe im Sport und die Kleingruppenforschung. In: Luschen, G., 5–10 (1966).
Körbs, W.: Kultische Wurzel und frühe Entwicklung des Sports. Studium Generale 13, 11–21 (1960).
Kolokova, V. M.: Sport kak odno iz sredstv vospitanija novogo čeloveka-aktivnogo borca za kommunism. Teorija i praktika fiziceskoj kul’tury 25, 8–15 (1962).
Komarovsky, M.: The voluntary associations of urban dwellers. Amer. Soc. Rev. 11, 686–698 (1946).
Krawczyk, B.: O specyfice spolecznej wiejskiego (On social specificity of rural sports). Roczn. Nauk. Akad. Wychowania Fizycznego 1, 277–293 (1962).
Krawczyk, B.: Stocunek do zawodu kandykatow na studia i studentow AWF (The attitude toward their profession of candidates for studies and students of the academy of physical education. Roczn. Nauk. Akad. Wychowania Fizycznego 4, 279–301 (1964).
Krawczyk, B.: Spoleczne czynniki woboru studiow wychowania fizycznego (The social factors of selection of physical education studies). Warszawa (1965).
Krawczyk, B.: Przebieg procesow selekcji kandyato w na studia AWF (Process of selecting candidates for studies at Academy of Physical Culture). Roczniki Naukowe AWF 4, 267–284 (1965).
Krawczyk, B.: Natura Kultura Sport (Nature, culture, sport). Warszawa (1970).
Krickeberg, W.: Das mittelamerikanische Ballspiel und seine religiöse Symbolik. Paideuma 3, 118–190 (1948).
Krieger, K.: Knabenspiele der Hausa. Baessler Arch. 28, 225–232 (1955).
Krockow, Ch. von: Der Wetteifer in der industriellen Gesellschaft und im Sport. Neue Sammlung 2, 297–308 (1962).
Kühn, F.: Die Arbeitersportbewegung. Dissertation. University Rostock (1921).
Kukuškin, G. I.: Sport i social’nyj progress. (Sport and social progress). Teorija i praktika fizičeskoj kul’tury 29, 5–11 (1966).
Kunz, G., Lüschen, G.: Leisure and social stratification. Paper at the 6th World Congress of Sociology. Evian (1966).
Landers, D.M.: Sibling-sex-status and ordinal position effects on females’ sport participation and interests. J. Soc. Psychol. 80, 247–248 (1970).
Landtman, G.: The origin of the inequality of the social classes. Chicago, Ill. (1938).
Lang, G.: Riotous outbursts at sports events. Paper at 7th World Congress of Sociology. Varna (1970).
Latten, W.: Bürokratisierung im Sport. Kölner Vjh. Soziol. 12, 297–304 (1933–34).
Lehman, H. C.: Chronological age vs. proficiency in physical skills. J. Gen. Psychol. 64, 185–194 (1951).
Lenk, H.: Die Funktion des Sports in der modernen Gesellschaft. Die Leibeserziehung 12, 383 to 387 (1963b).
Lenk, H.: Werte, Ziele, Wirklichkeit der modernen Olympischen Spiele. Schorndorf (1964a).
Lenk, H.: Die olympische Amateurregel. Jahrbuch des Sports. Frankfurt, 24–66 (1964b).
Lenk, H.: Konflikt und Leistung in Spitzensportmannschaften. Soz. Welt 16, 307–347 (1965).
Lenk, H.:Maximale Leistung trotz inneren Konflikten. In: Lüschen, G., 168–172 (1966).
Lenk, H.:Zur Soziologie des Sportvereins. In: Seehase, G., 253–314 (1967).
Lenk, H.: Die Aufgabe von Wertbindungen bei westdeutschen Hochleistungsruderern unter soziodramatisch fingiertem Stress. Soz. Welt 19, 66–73 (1969).
Lenk, H.: Bäume, Turniere und soziometrische Graphen. Zur Anwendbarkeit der mathematischen Graphentheorie in der Sportsoziologie. In: Albonico und Pfister-Binz, 163–183 (1971).
Lersch, Ph.: Der Sport als Aufgabe unserer Zeit. Jahrbuch des Sports. Frankfurt, 7–16 (1960).
Linde, H.:Zur Soziologie des Sports. In: Plessner, H., 103–120 (1967).
Linde, H., Heinemann, K.: Leistungsengagement und Sportinteresse. Schorndorf (1968).
Linde, H.: Das Verhältnis einer Soziologie des Sports zu alternativen soziologischen Theorieansätzen. In: Albonico und Pfister-Binz, 47–51 (1971).
Lindeman, E. C.: Recreation and morale. Amer. J. Soc. 47, 394–405 (1941).
Loy, J. W.: A paradigm of technological change in the sports situation. Intern. Rev. Sport Soc. 1, 177–194 (1966).
Loy, J. W.: Game forms, social structure, and anomie. In: Brown and Cratty, 181–199 (1969a).
Loy, J. W., Kenyon, G. S.: Sport, culture, and society. London (1969b).
Loy, J. W.: Social psychological characteristics of innovators. Amer. Soc. Rev. 34, 73–82 (1969c).
Loy, J. W.:The study of sport and social mobility. In: Kenyon, G. S., 101–134 (1969d).
Loy, J. W., McElvogue, J.F.: Racial segregation in American Sport. Intern. Rev. Sport Soc. 5, 5–24 (1970).
Lüschen, G.: Prolegomena zu einer Soziologie des Sports. Kölner Z. Soziol. Sozialpsychol. 12, 505–515 (1960).
Lüschen, G.: Der Leistungssport in seiner Abhängigkeit vom soziokulturellen System. Zbl. Arbeitswiss. 16, 186–190 (1962).
Lüschen, G.: Soziale Schichtung und soziale Mobilität bei jungen Sportlern. Kölner Z. Soziol. Sozialpsychol. 15, 74–93 (1963).
Lüschen, G.: Sport e populazione rurale. Traguardi 9, 3–11 (1965).
Lüschen, G.: Kleingruppenforschung und Gruppe im Sport. Köln-Opladen (1966a).
Lüschen, G.:Leistungsorientierung und ihr Einfluß auf das soziale und personale System. In: Lüschen, G., 219–233 (1966b).
Lüschen, G.: The interdependence of sport and culture. Intern. Rev. Sport Soc. 2, 127–141 (1967).
Lüschen, G.: The sociology of sport. A trend-report and bibliography. Paris, the Hague (1968).
Lüschen, G.:Small group research and the group in sport. In: Kenyon, G. S., 57–75 (1969).
Lüschen, G.: The cross-cultural analysis of sport and games. Champaign, Ill. (1970a).
Lüschen, G.: Cooperation, association, and contest. J. Conflict Resolution 14, 21–34 (1970b).
Lüschen, G.: Soziologie des Sports. In: Groll und Strohmeyer, 158–168 (1970c).
Lüschen, G.: Kooperation und Assoziierung. Zwei Formen sozialer Beziehungen im sportlichen Wettkampf als sozialer Konflikt. In: Albonico und Pfister-Binz, 137–143 (1971).
Lynd, R. S., Lynd, H. M.: Middletown in transition. New York (1937).
Magnane, G.: Sociologie du sport. Paris (1964).
Maheu, R.: Sport and culture. Intern. J. Adult Youth Educ. 14, 169–172 (1962).
Mandell, R. D.: The Nazi Olympics. New York (1971).
Marshall, O.: Epic motifs in modern football. Tennessee Folklore Soc. Bull. 24, 123–128 (1958).
Martens, R.: Effect of an audience on learning and performance of a complex motor skill. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 12, 252–260 (1969).
Martens, R.: A social psychology of physical activity. Quest 14, 8–17 (1970).
Mateev, D.: Fizičeskaja Kultura v svetlinata ne Marksizma-Leninizma (Physical culture under the aspect of Marxism-Leninism). Sofia (1949).
Mazur, A.: Game theory and Pathan segmentary opposition. Man 2, 465–466 (1971).
McClelland, D. C.: The achieving society. New York (1961).
McClintock, C. G., Nuttin, J. M.: Development of competitive game behavior in children across two cultures. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 5, 203–218 (1969).
MacDonald, M., McGuire, G., Havighurst, R. J.: Leisure activities and the socio-economic status of children. Amer. J. Soc. 54, 505–519 (1949).
McGrath, J. E.: The influence of positive interpersonal relations on adjustment effectiveness in rifle teams. J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol. 65, 365–375 (1962).
McGraw, L. W., Tolbert, J. W.: Sociometric status and athletic ability of junior high school boys. Res. Quart. Amer. Ass. Hlth. Phys. Educ. 24, 72–80 (1953).
Mcintosh et al.: Landmarks in the history of physical education. London (1957).
McIntosh et al.: Sport in society. London (1963).
Mcintosh et al.: Twentieth century attitudes to sport in Britain. Intern. Rev. Sport Soc. 1, 19–30 (1966).
McKelvey, G. M.: Achievement orientation and its influence on the system of the school class. Diss., University of Illinois (1969).
Mead, G. H.: Mind, self, and society. Chicago, Ill. (1934).
Mead, M.: Co-operation and competition among primitive peoples. New York (1937).
Meade, G. P.: The Negro in track athletics. Sci. Month. 75, 366–371 (1952).
Mendner, S.: Das Ballspiel im Leben der Völker. Münster (1956).
Meyersohn, R.: The charismatic and the playful in outdoor recreation. Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. Soc. Sci. 389, 33–45 (1970).
Meynaud, J.: Sport et politique. Paris (1966).
Miermans, C. G. M.: Voetbal in Nederland (Soccer in the Netherlands). Assen (1955).
Miermans, C. G. M.: De waardering van de sport in onze samenleving (Evaluation of sport in our society). Mens en Maatschappij 31, 329–343 (1956).
Miermans, C. G. M.: Sport in een veranderende wereld (Sport in a changing world). Utrecht (1959).
Miermans, C. G. M.: Het verschijnsel sport in organisatorisch perspectief (Sport under organizational aspect). Sportcahiers 1, 52–66 (1966).
Miyahata, T.: General organization of physical education in Japan, with annotations regarding other countries in Asia. Bull. Féd. Intern. Educ. Phys. 3–4, 14–28 (1962).
Mistry, D. K.: The Indian child and his play. Soc. Bull. 7, 137–147 (1958).
Mitscherlich, A.:Sport — kein pures Privatvergnügen. In: Plessner, H., 58–66 (1967).
Model, O.: Funktionen und Bedeutung des Sports in ökonomischer und soziologischer Sicht. Winterthur (1955).
Moede, W.: Experimentelle Massenpsychologie. Leipzig (1920).
Moncrieff, J.: Physical games and amusements of the Australian Aboriginal. Austr. J. Phys. Educ. 36, 5–11 (1966).
Morton, H. W.: Soviet sport. New York—London (1963).
Myers, A. E.: Team competition, success, and the adjustment of group members. J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol. 65, 325–332 (1962).
Myers, A. E., Fiedler, F. E.:Theorie und Probleme der Führung. In: Luschen, G., 92–106 (1966).
Myers, A. E.: Psychological advantages in a competitive game. Intern. Rev. Sport Soc. 5, 163–174 (1970).
Natan, A.: Sport and society. London (1958).
Nduka, O.: Western education and the Nigerian cultural background. Ibadan (1964).
Neale, W. C.: The peculiar economics of professional sports. In: Loy und Kenyon, 211–222 (1969).
Nettleton, B.: Sport and social values. Phys. Educ. 177, 35–41 (1967).
Niwa, T.: Factorial study of personality traits in the intercollegiate athletics. In: Res. J. Phys. Education 7, 21–37 (1964a).
Niwa, T., Takemura, A.: A longitudinal study on the effects of sports groups upon personality, with particular reference to the relationship between group structure and member’s attitudes. In: Kato, K.: Proceedings of the international congress of sport sciences. Tokyo (1964b).
Niwa, T.: Undo shudan no kozo to kino (A Study on the structure and function of sport groups). Ann. Rep. Stud. Hum. Soc. Sci. Nara Women’s University 9, 93–115 (1965).
Niwa, T.: Undobu no gyoshusei ni tsuite (A study of the cohesiveness of sport groups). Res. J. Phys. Education 10, 58–59 (1966a).
Niwa, T.: Sports shudan to ningenkankei (Sport group and human relations). In: Matsuda, I., Kiyohara, K.: Psychology of sport. Tokyo, 78–83 (1966b).
Niwa, T.: Undöbuin no seiinseikensa no sakusei (An attempt to construct a group membership test of the athletic club member). Res. J. Phys. Education 13, 13–20 (1968).
Niwa, T., Odan, K., Takeuchi, K.: Taiiku shyudan no kenkyu (The studies of the group for physical education). Osaka (1972).
Nowikow, A. D., Maksimenko, A. M.: Vlija nekotorych social ‘noekonomičeskich faktorov na uroven’ sportivnych dostizenij stran (The influence of socio-economic factors on the level of sport achievement of countries). Soviet Soc. Ass., 3–19 (1970).
Oetinger, F.: Partnerschaft. Stuttgart (1956).
Olsen, A. M.: Aktiv ungdom. (Active Youth). Oslo (1955).
Olsen, A. M.: Sociology of sport in relation to physical education and sport theory. In: Albonico und Pfister-Binz, 13–21 (1971).
Oppenheim, A. N.: Social status and clique formation among grammar school boys. Brit. J. Soc. 6, 228–245 (1955).
Ortega, y G.: Der sportliche Ursprung des Staates. In: Ortega, y G.: Gesammelte Werke, I. Stuttgart, 428–449 (1954).
Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission (ORRRC): Outdoor recreation resources. Washington, D. C. (Reports 1–30.) (1962).
Patel, J. S., Brewster, R. G.: The Indian game of Sagargote. Ethnologie 82, 186–190 (1957).
Perleberg, H.: Über die soziale Schichtung der Sporttreibenden in den einzelnen Sportarten. Dissertation, University Greifswald (1957).
Peters, A.: Psychologie des Sports. Leipzig (1927).
Petrak, B.: Sport activity in the life of the population of the Czecho-Moravian plateau. Intern. Rev. Sport Soc. 1, 241–266 (1966).
Petrak, B.: Sociologie a tělesná kultura (Sociology of physical culture). Praha (1967).
Phillips, J. C., Schäfer, W. E.: Subcultures in sport — a conceptual and methodological approach. In: Albonico und Pfister-Binz, 66–74 (1971).
Piaget, J.: La formation du symbole chez l’enfant; imitation, jeu et rêve, image et représentation. Neuchâtel (1945).
Piaget, J.: The moral judgment of the child. New York (1965).
Pickford, R. W.: Aspects of the psychology of games and sports. Brit. J. Psychol. 31, 270–293 (1941).
Planck, U., Lüschen, G.: Landjugend und Sport. In: Planck, U.: Die Lebenslage der westdeutschen Landjugend. München, 264–292 (1956).
Plessner, H.: Soziologie des Sports. Deutsche Universitätszeitung 7, 9–11, 12–14, 22–23 (1952).
Plessner, H., Bock, H.-E., Grupe, O.: Sport und Leibeserziehung. München (1967).
Polsky, N.: Hustlers, beats, and others. Garden City, N.Y. (1967).
Ponomarev, N.I.: Free time and physical education. Intern. Rev. Sport Soc. 1, 167–175 (1966).
Preston, J.: Sports for sale. New Society 464, 327–330 (1971).
Prokop, U.: Soziologie der Olympischen Spiele. München (1971).
Prosenc, M.: Methodische Probleme der Beeinflussung und Planung. In: Albonico und Pfister-Binz, 147–150 (1971).
Pudelkiewicz, E.: Sociological problems of sports in housing estates. Intern. Rev. Sport Soc. 5, 73–104 (1970).
Pudenz, H.: Vom Zeitvertreib der Oberschicht zum Sport für alle. Zur Geschichte des Sports in England von 1850–1950. Diss. University Kiel (1960).
Raymond, H.: Recherches sur un village de vacances. Rev. franç. Soc. 1, 323–333 (1960).
Reeve, A. B.: What America spends for sport. Outing 57, 300–308 (1910).
Rehberg, R. A., Schafer, W. E.: Participation in interscholastic athletics and college expectations. Amer. J. Soc. 73, 732–740 (1968).
Reuther, H.: Umfang und Wertung des Sports in der modernen Publizistik. Jahrbuch des Sports. Frankfurt, 92–100 (1960).
Riesman, D.,Denney, R.: Football in America. In: Riesman, D.: Individualism reconsidered. Glencoe, Ill., 242–252 (1954).
Rigauer, B.: Sport und Arbeit. Frankfurt (1969).
Rigauer, B.: Inhaltliche und methodologische Bestimmungen einer kritischen Soziologie des Sports im Rahmen der Sportwissenschaften. Die Leibeserziehung 20, 9–14 (1971).
Risse, H.: Soziologie des Sports. Berlin (1921).
Rijsdorp, K.: Sport als jong-menselijke activiteit (Sport as activity of youth). Groningen (1960).
Röblitz, G.: Freizeit und Körperkultur der Menschen im Sozialismus-Kommunismus (Leisure and physical culture of men in socialism-communism). Wiss. Z. DHfK (Leipzig) 4, 121–127 (1962).
Röblitz, G.: Das Verhältnis zum Sport und die Beweggründe für die sportliche Betätigung bei Jugendlichen als Ausgangs werte für ein regelmäßiges Sporttreiben. Theor. u. Prax. Körperkultur 13, 601–612 (1964a).
Röblitz, G.: Die sportliche Betätigung im Freizeitverhalten von Jugendlichen zwischen 17 und 18 Jahren. Theor. u. Prax. Körperkultur 13, 498–510 (1964b).
Röblitz, G.: Zu den Funktionen der Freizeitbetätigungen und speziell des sportlichen Tuns im Lebens Vollzug der Menschen der sozialistischen Gesellschaft. Wiss. Z. DHfK (Leipzig) 7, 51–60 (1965).
Roberts, G. C.: The effect of risk taking disposition, presence of others, and co-operation and competition on risk taking and performance. Diss., University of Illinois (1969).
Roberts, J. M., Arth, M. J., Bush, R. R.: Games in culture. Amer. Anthropolog. 61, 579–605 (1959).
Roberts, J. M., Sutton-Smith, B.: Child training and game involvement. Ethnology 1, 166–185 (1962).
Robinson, J. P.:Daily participation in sport across twelve countries. In: Lüschen, G., 156–173 (1970).
Rosenberg, B. C., Sutton-Smith, B.: The measurement of masculinity and feminity in children. Child Develop. 30, 373–380 (1959).
Rosenberg, B. C., Sutton-Smith, B.: A revised conception of masculine-feminine differences in play activities. J. Gen. Psychol. 96, 165–170 (1960).
Rosenblatt, A.: Negroes in baseball: The failure of success. Trans-action 5, 51–53 (1967).
Rosenmayr, L.: Familienbeziehungen und Freizeitgewohnheiten jugendlicher Arbeiter. Wien (1963).
Rosseau, E. L.: Great American ritual: watching games. Nation 187, 188–191 (1958).
Saito, N.: Sports ni okeru amateurism no kosatsu (A study of amateurism in sports). Bull. Tokyo Teachers Coll. 5, 9–22 (1960).
Savage, H.: American College athletics. New York (1929).
Schafer, W. E.:Die soziale Struktur von Sportgruppen. In: Lüschen, G., 107–117 (1966).
Schafer, W. E.: Athletic success and social mobility. Paper at Meeting of the American Association of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation. St. Louis, Miss. (1968).
Schafer, W. E., Armer, J. M.: Athletes are not inferior students. Trans-action 6, 21–26, 61–62 (1968).
Schafer, W. E.: Social sources and consequences of interscholastic athletics. The case of participation and delinquency. In: Kenyon, G. S., 29–56 (1969).
Schafer, W. E.: Sport and subculture in American secondary schools. Paper at the 7th World Congress of Sociology. Varna (1970).
Schaginger, E. M.: Arbeit und Freizeit. Psychol, u. Prax. 4, 18–26 (1960).
Schmidt, H. D.: Versuch einer Inhaltsanalyse nationaler Tendenzen in Sportreportagen. Psychol. Rundschau 16, 43–51 (1965).
Schultz, W.: Das große Spiel. Aspekte des Sports in unserer Zeit. Frankfurt (1965).
Schulz, R.: Über Wesen und Methoden wissenschaftlicher Soziologie. Theor. u. Pfax. Körperkultur 10, 108–114 (1961).
Schulz, R.: Über theoretische Grundlagen einer marxistisch-leninistischen Soziologie des Sports. In: Albonico und Pfister-Binz, 23–27 (1971).
Scott, J.: The athletic revolution. New York (1971).
Scott, M. B.: The racing game. Chicago (1968).
Seagoe, M. V.: Children’s play as an indicator of cross cultural and intracultural differences. J. Educ. Soc. 35, 6 (1962).
Seehase, G.: Der Verein. Standort-Aufgabe-Funktion in Sport und Gesellschaft. Schorndorf (1967).
Seppänen, P.: Liikunnan suunnittelun sosiaaliset edellytykset (The social conditions of Sport planning). University of Helsinki. Institute of Sociology. (Report No. 82.) Helsinki (1967a).
Seppänen, P.: Huippu-urheilun sosiaalisista edellytyksistä ja funktioista (On the social conditions and functions of top athletes). Stadion 1, 4–17 (1967b).
Seppänen, P.: Sport success and the type of culture. University of Helsinki. Institute of Sociology. (Report No. 151.) Helsinki (1968).
Seppänen, P.: The role of competitive sports in different societies. Paper at the 7th World Congress of Sociology. Varna (1970).
Sessoms, H. D.: An analysis of selected variables affecting outdoor recreation patterns. Soc. Forces 42, 112–115 (1963).
Shead, J., Dunning, E.: Rugby football as a male preserve. Paper at the 7th World Congress of Sociology, Varna (1970).
Short, J. F., Tennyson E. H., Howard, K. S.: Behavior dimensions of gang delinquency, Amer. Soc. Rev. 28, 411–428 (1963).
Short, J. F., et al.: Group process and gang delinquency. Chicago (1965).
Siebel, W.: Vermassung und Spiel. Dissertation, University Münster (1955).
Simon, R. J., Carey, J. W.: The phantom racist. Transaction 4, 5–11 (1966).
Simri, U.: The religious and magical functions of ball games in various cultures. Diss., University of West Virginia (1966).
Skorzynski, Z.: Miedzy praca a Wypoczynkiem. “Czaszajety” i “czas wolny” mieszkancow miast w swietle badan empirrycznych (Between work and leisure, town dwellers “busy” time and “free” time). Warszawa (1965).
Solley, W. H.: Relationship between participation in inter-school sports and extraclass play. Activities in college. Res. Quart. Amer. Ass. Hlth Phys. Educ. 32, 93–108 (1961).
Spencer, H.: Physical education. In: Spencer, H.: Education. New York, 219–283 (1896).
Spinrad, W.: The functions of spectator sport. Paper at the 7th World Congress of Sociology, Varna (1970).
Start, K. B.:Wettbewerb und Geschicklichkeit im Sport. In: Lüschen, G., 203–208 (1966).
Stendler, C. B.: Children of Brasstown. Urbana, Ill. (1949).
Stone, G. P.: American sports: play and display. Chicago Rev. 9, 83–100 (1955).
Stone, G. P.: Some meanings of American Sport. 60th Annual Meeting of College Physical Education Association. Columbus, Ohio, 6–29 (1957).
Stone, G. P.: Appearance and the self. In: Rose, A. M.: Human behavior and social processes: an inter-actionist approach. Boston, 86–118 (1962).
Stone, G. P.: The play of little children. Quest 8, 23–31 (1965).
Stone, G. P.:Begriffliche Probleme in der Kleingruppenforschung. In: Luschen, G., 44–62 (1966).
Stone, G. P., Oldenburg, R. A.: Wrestling. In: Slovenko, R., Knight, J. A.: Motivations in play, games, and sports. Springfield, 503–532 (1967).
Stone, G. P.:Some meanings of American sport. In: Kenyon, G. S., 5–28 (1969).
Stone, L. C.: English sport and recreation. Ithaca, N. Y. (1964).
Stumpf, F., Cozens, F. W.: Some aspects of the role of games, sports, and recreational activities in the culture of modern primitive peoples. Res. Quart. Amer. Ass. Hlth Phys. Educ. 18, 198–218 (1947).
Stumpf, F., Cozens, F. W.: Some aspects of the role of games, sports and recreational activities in the culture of modern primitive peoples: the Fijians. Res. Quart. Amer. Ass. Hlth Phys. Educ. 20, 2–30 (1949).
Suetoshi, H., Hayakawa, M.: Kagai katsudo ga personality keisei ni ataeru eikyo ni tsuite no tsuisckitcki kenkyu 1 (Longkudiual study about the influence of sport activities on the personality of school boys and girls who take part in sport). Bull. Kyoto Univ. Educ. B, 33, 21–43 (1968).
Sumner, W. G.: Folkways. Boston, Mass. (1940).
Sutton-Smith, B.: A formal analysis of game meaning. West. Folklore 18, 13–24 (1959).
Sutton-Smith, B., Roberts, J. M., Kozelka, R.: Game involvement in adults. J. Soc. Psychol. 60, 15–30 (1963).
Sutton-Smith, B., Roberts, J. M.,The cross-cultural and psychological study of games. In: Lüschen, G., 100–108 (1970).
Swanson, R. A.: The acceptance and influence of play in American protestantism. Quest 11, 58–70 (1968).
Swingter, N.: The business of cricket. New Society 311, 527–528 (1968).
Takenoshita, K.: Nippon ni okeru sports jinko no kozo to sono hendo ni tsuite no kenkyu (The social structure of the sport population and its change in Japan). J. Hlth Phys. Educ. (Tokyo) 11, 547–550 (1961a).
Takenoshita, K.: Taiiku ni okeru Shakaisei (Socialization through physical education). J. Hlth Phys. Educ. (Tokyo) 11, 219–222 (1961b).
Takenoshita, K.: Shokuba no recreation to ningenkandei (Recreation and human relations in place of work). J. Sci. Lab. 19, 26–30 (1964).
Takenoshita, K., Iscmura, E.: Sports no shakaigaku (Sociology of sport). Tokyo (1965).
Takeuchi, K.: Teamwork no hattatsu ni tsuite (The development of teamwork). Res. J. Phys. Education 8, 253 (1963).
Tannenbaum, P. H., Noah, J. E.: Sportugese: a study of sports page communication. J. Quart. 36, 163–170 (1959).
Taylor, I.:“Football mad”: A speculative sociology of football hooliganism. In: Dunning, E., 352–377 (1971).
Taves, M. J., Hansen, G. D.: Exploration in personal adjustment after age 65. Geriatrics 17, 309–316 (1962).
Telama, R.: Liikuntakasvatuksesta suomalaisessa yhteiskunnassa (Physical education in Finnish society). Stadion 4B (1967).
Telama, R.: Oppikoululaisten fyysinen aktiivisuus ja liikuntaharrastukset. I Kuvaileva osa; II Liikuntaharrastusten faktorirakenne; III Ikä ja Liikuntaharrastukset (Secondary school pupils, physical activity, and sports activities. I descriptive part; II factor structure and sports activities; III age and sports activities). University of Jyväskylä. Institute for Educational Research [Report No. 75. Jyväskylä (1970/71)].
Thompson, R.: Race discrimination in sport. A New Zealand controversy. National Council of Churches in New Zealand (1969).
Tripplett, N.: The dynamogenic factors in pacemaking and competition. Amer. J. Psychol. 9, 507–533 (1898).
Tröger, W.:Die Organisation des deutschen Sports. In: Schultz, U., 44–59 (1965).
Tunis, J. R.: The great god football. Harper’s Magazine 157, 742–752 (1928).
Tunis, J. R.: Democracy and sport. New York (1941).
Tylor, E. B.: On American lot-games, as evidence of Adiatic intercourse before the time of Columbus. Intern. Arch. Ethnograph. (Leiden) Suppl. 9, 55–67 (1896).
Tyszka, A.: Socjologiczne aspekty atanu kultury fizycznej i jej rozqoju w Plocku wobec zagadnien intensywnego uprzemyskowienia miasta (Sociological aspects of physical education and its development in Plock under conditions of intensive industrialization of that town). Kultura Fizyczna 16, 229–232 (1963).
Tyszka, A.: Einige soziale Probleme der Körperkultur in Plock. Theor. u. Prax. Körperkultur 3, 187–209 (1964).
Tyszka, A.: Sportowcy jako bohaterowie wspolczesni analiza tresci prasowych (The sport heroe in the press). Studia Socjologiczne 21, 253–276 (1966).
Veblen, T.: Theory of the leisure class. New York—London (1899).
Vidich, A. J., Bensman J.: Small town in mass society. Garden City, N.Y. (1960).
Vierkandt, A.: Kultur des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts und der Gegenwart. In: Handwörterbuch der Soziologie. Stuttgart, 149–150 (1931).
Vinnai, G.: Fußballsport als Ideologie. Frankfurt (1970).
Voigt, D. Q.: American baseball: from gentlemen’s sport to the comissioner system. Norman (1966).
Voigt, D. Q.: American baseball: from the commissioners to continental expansion. Norman (1971).
Waller, W.: The sociology of teaching. New York (1932).
Warszaw Seminar 1963: Über philosophische und soziologische Probleme der Körperkultur. Theor. u. Prax. Körperkultur 13, Supplement (1966).
Weinberg, C.: The price of competition. In: Teachers College Rec. 67, 106–114 (1965).
Weinberg, S. K., Arond, H.: The occupational culture of the boxer. Amer. J. Soc. 57, 460–469 (1952).
Weiss, P.: Sport. A philosophical inquiry. London-Amsterdam (1969).
Werner, J.: Das Spiel der Kinder. Kölner Vjh. Soziol. 5, 411–44 (1926).
Weule, K.: Ethnologie des Sports. In: Bogeng, G. A. E., Geschichte des Sports aller Völker und Zeiten. Leipzig, 1–116 (1926).
White, L. A.: Anthropology 1964: Retrospect and prospect. Amer. Anthropolog. 67, 629–637 (1965).
Whyte, W. F.: Street corner society. Chicago, Ill. (1943).
Winterbottom, M. R.: The relation of childhood training in interdependence to achievement motivation. Diss., University of Michigan (1953).
Wohl, A.: Zagadnienia rozwoju kultury fizycznej w ustrojo socjalistycznum (The problems of development of physical culture in socialistic system). Kultura Fizyczna 7, 325–332 (1954).
Wohl, A.: Philosophische und soziologische Probleme im wissenschaftlichen Bereich der Körperkultur. Theor. u. Prax. Körperkultur 13, (Suppl.) 3–9 (1964a).
Wohl, A.: Die gesellschaftlich-historischen Grundlagen des bürgerlichen Sports. Wiss. Z. der DHfK (Leipzig) 6, 1–93 (1964b).
Wohl, A.: Pojccie i zakres socjologii sportu (The concept and scope of sport sociology). Kultura Fizyczna 18, 135–142 (1965).
Wohl, A.: Social aspects of the development of rural sport in Poland. Intern. Rev. Sport Soc. 1, 109–135 (1966a).
Wohl, A.: Conception and range of sport sociology. Intern. Rev. Sport Soc. 1, 5–18 (1966b).
Wohl, A.: Engagement in sports activity on the part of workers of large industrial establishment in people’s Poland. Intern. Rev. Sport Soc. 4, 83–128 (1969).
Wohl, A.: Competitive sports and its social functions. Intern. Rev. Sport Soc. 5, 117–130 (1970).
Wolanska, T.: Sport w rodzinie wazny element sportu rekreacyjnego (Sport in the family, an important element of sport for recreation). Kultura Fizyczna 16, 575–578 (1963).
Woodward, St.: Sports page. New York (1949).
Woody, T.: Professionalism and the decay of Greek athletics. School and Society 47, 521–528 (1938).
Woody, T.: Life and education in early societies. New York (1949).
Wrigley, J.: Magic and sports. Paper at the 7th World Congress of Sociology. Varna (1970).
Wurzbacher, G.: Der Verein in der freien Gesellschaft. In: Deutscher Sportbund: Der Verein als Träger der deutschen Turn- und Sportbewegung. Dortmund, 5–14 (1963).
Zetterberg, H.: Voluntary organizations and organized power in Sweden. New York, Columbia University, Bureau of Applied Social Research (mimeo) (1959).
Ziemilski, A.: Uwagi o problemie socjologii turystyki (Remarks on the problem of sociology of tourism). Wychowanie Fizyczne i Sport 3, 487–495 (1958).
Ziemilski, A.: Sport jako rola spoleczna — proba analizy strukturalnej (Social role-sets in sport, an attempt of structural analysis). Wychowanie fizyczne i Sport 7, 361–372 (1963).
Ziemilski, A.: Sport stadionow a rzeczywistow spoleczna hipotezy i watpligosci (Stadium sport and social reality: hypotheses and doubts). Kultura i Spoleczenstwo 8, 136–146 (1964a).
Ziemilski, A.: In der zweiten Hälfte des ‚Jahrhunderts des Sports‘. Eine soziologische Skizze über den bürgerlichen Skeptizismus im Sport. Theor. u. Prax. Körperkultur 13, (Suppl.) 170–178 (1964b).
Zurcher, L. A., Meadow, A.:On bullfights and baseball: An example of interaction of social institutions. In: Luschen, G., 109–131 (1970).
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1972 Springer-Verlag · Berlin
About this paper
Cite this paper
Baitsch, H. et al. (1972). On Sociology of Sport — General Orientation and Its Trends in the Literature. In: Grupe, O., Kurz, D., Teipel, J.M. (eds) The Scientific View of Sport. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65459-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65459-6_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-65461-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-65459-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive