Abstract
Throughout the animal kingdom the form of the tongue is never the same. Usually the variation can be ascribed to modification of a basic format in response to the animal’s peculiar mode of existence. Thus, the tongue may be primarily a gustatory organ, a masticatory organ, a grooming organ or a combination of all three.
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Bradley, R.M. (1971). Tongue Topography. In: Beidler, L.M. (eds) Taste. Handbook of Sensory Physiology, vol 4 / 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65245-5_1
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