Skip to main content

Tongue Topography

  • Chapter
Taste

Part of the book series: Handbook of Sensory Physiology ((1730,volume 4 / 2))

Abstract

Throughout the animal kingdom the form of the tongue is never the same. Usually the variation can be ascribed to modification of a basic format in response to the animal’s peculiar mode of existence. Thus, the tongue may be primarily a gustatory organ, a masticatory organ, a grooming organ or a combination of all three.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Al-Bagdadi, F. A. K.: The tongue of the camel (Camelus dromedarius and Camelus bactrianus). Nord. Vet.-Med. 18, 337–346 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Andeesen, H. T., Funakoshu, M., Zotteeman, Y.: Electrophysiological investigations of the gustatory effect of various biological sugars. Acta physiol. scand. 56, 362–375 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Andeeson, B., Landgeen, S., Olsson, L., Zotteeman, Y.: The sweet fibres of the dog. Acta physiol. scand. 21, 105–119 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrew, B. L., Olivee, J.: The epiglottal taste buds of the rat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 114, 48P–49P (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Arey, L. B., Tremaine, M. J., Monzingo, F. L.: The numerical and topographical relations of taste buds to human circumvallate papillae throughout the life span. Anat. Rec. 64, 9–25 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin, B., Bell, F., Kitchell, R.: Gustatory nerve impulses in ruminant ungulates. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 146, 14P–15P (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bath, W.: Ãœber das Vorkommen von Geschmacksorganen in der Mundhöhle von Crocodilus niloticus. Laur. Zool. Anzeiger 29, 352–353 (1905).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bath, W.: Die Geschmacksorgane der Vögel und Krokodile. Arch. Biontol. (Berl.) 1, 1–48 (1906).

    Google Scholar 

  • Beidler, L. M., Fishman, I. Y., Haediman, C. W.: Species difference in taste responses. Amer. J. Physiol. 181, 235–239 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernard, R. A.: An electrophysiological study of taste reception in peripheral nerves of the calf. Amer. J. Physiol. 206, 827–835 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Botezat, E.: Gesehmaeksorgane und andere nervöse Endapparate im Schnabel der Vögel. Biol. Zbl. 24, 722–736 (1904).

    Google Scholar 

  • Burkl, W.: Ãœber das Vorkommen von Geschmacksknospen im mittleren Drittel des Ösophagus. Anat. Anz. 100, 320–321 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, M. J., Hagiwara, S., Zotterman, Y.: The response spectrum of taste fibres in the cat: a single fibre analysis. Acta physiol. scand. 37, 315–332 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Drasch, O.: Untersuchungen über die Papillae folliatae et circumvallatae der Kaninchen und Feldhasen. Abhandl. d. Math.-Phys. K1. Sachs. Akad. Wiss. (Leipz.) 14, 229–268 (1887).

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, C. J.: The sense of taste in birds. Ann. appl. Biol. 48, 409–414 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Elias, H.: The gustatory papillae and the stomach of hyracoidea, with a discussion of the evolution of the mammalian tongue papillae. J. Morph. 79, 97–109 (1946).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, R.: Total distribution of taste buds on the tongue of the kitten at birth. J. comp. Neurol. 66, 361–373 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, R.: Numerical and regional distribution of taste buds on the tongue of the opossum, with particular reference to those in the fungiform papillae. Anat. Rec. 88, 429 (Abstr.) (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, R.: Distribution of taste buds in fungiform papillae on tongue of the opossum. J. comp. Neurol. 82, 205–213 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fish, H. S., Malone, D. D., Richter, C. P.: The anatomy of the tongue of the domestic Norway rat. I: The skin of the tongue, the various papillae, their number and distribution. Anat. Rec. 89, 429–440 (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fish, H. S., Richter, C. P.: Comparative numbers of fungiform and foliate papillae on tongues of domestic and wild Norway rats. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 63, 352–355 (1946).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fishman, I. Y.: Gustatory impulses of the white faced ringtail monkey. Fed. Proc. 18, 45 (Abstr.) (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishman, I. Y.: Fishman Gustatory responses of a tropical frugivorous bat. J. Iowa Acad. Sci. 70, 465–472 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Funakoshi, M., Zotterman, Y.: Effect of salt on sugar response. Acta physiol. scand. 57, 193–200 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gandolei, H.: Die Zunge der Agamidae und Iguanidae. Zool. Anz. 32, 569–580 (1908).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, L. L.: The adaptive modification and the taxonomic value of the tongue in birds. Proc. U. S. National Museum 67, 1–49 (1926).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, L. L.: On the tongue in birds. Ibis 3, 185–196 (1927).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, G., Kitchell, R., Ström, L., Zotterman, Y.: The response pattern of taste fibres in the chorda tympani of the monkey. Acta physiol. scand. 46, 119–132 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grassé, P. P.: Traité de Zoologie. Vol. 17. Paris: Mason et Cie. 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, B.: Ãœber das Vorkommen von Geschmacksknospen an der Vorderwand der Pars laryngea Pharyngis beim Menschen. Mschr. Ohrenheilk. 55, 1174–1186 (1921).

    Google Scholar 

  • Guth, L.: The effects of glossopharyngeal nerve transection on the circumvallate papilla of the rat. Anat. Rec. 128, 715–732 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, B. P.: Gustatory nerve responses in the chicken. Amer. J. Physiol. 203, 541–544 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, E. R., Elliott, R.: Distribution of the taste buds on the tongue of the kitten, with particular reference to those innervated by the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve. J. comp. Neurol. 76, 227–238 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heidenhain, M.: Ãœber die Sinnesfelder und die Geschmacksknospen der Papilla foliata des Kaninchens. Beiträge zur Teilkörpertheorie III. Arch. mikr. Anat. 85, 365–479 (1914).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, W. C. O.: Primates. Vol. II. Haplorhini: Tarsioidea. Edinburgh Univ. Press 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holliday, J. C.: Total distribution of taste buds on the tongue of the pup. Ohio J. Sci. 40, 337–344 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hönigschmied, J.: Beiträge zur mikroskopischen Anatomie über die Geschmacksorgane der Säugetiere. Z. Wiss. Zool. 23, 414–434 (1873).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplick, M.: Ãœber Vorkommen, Verteilung und histologische Beziehungen der Geschmacksknospen am Munddach einiger Säuger, besonders der Nagetiere. Z. Zellforseh. 38, 571–590 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kare, M. R., Ficken, M. S.: Comparative studies on the sense of taste. In: Olfaction and taste I, pp. 285–297. (Zotterman, Y., Ed.). London-New York: Pergamon Press 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keaster, J.: Studies on the anatomy and physiology of the tongue. Laryngoscope 50, 222–258 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiesow, F.: Sur la présence de boutons gustatifs à la surface linguale de l’épiglotte humaine, avec quelques réflexions sur les mêmes organes qui se trouvent dans la muqueuse du larynx. Arch. ital. Biol. 38, 334–336 (1902).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiozume, H.: On innervation of taste buds in larynx in dog. Tohoku J. exp. Med. 58, 211–215 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitchell, R. L.: Comparative anatomical and physiological studies of gustatory mechanisms. In: Olfaction and taste I, pp. 235–255. (Zotterman, Y., Ed.). London-New York: Pergamon Press 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitchell, R. L. Ström, L., Zotterman, Y.: Electrophysiological studies of thermal and taste reception in chickens and pigeons. Acta physiol. scand. 46, 133–151 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kubota, K.: Comparative anatomical observations on the tongues of pigmy and common marmosets. Anat. Rec. 150, 473–486 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kubota, K.: Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongue of Japanese pika (Ochotona Hyperborea yezoensis, Kishida). Anat. Rec. 154, 1–12 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kubota, K.: Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongues of elephants (Elephas indiens and Loxodonta africana). Anat. Rec. 157, 505–516 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubota, K.: Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongue of the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus). Anat. Rec. 161, 257–266 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kubota, K. Fuktjda, N., Asakura, S.: Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongue of the porcupine (Hystrix cristata). Anat. Rec. 155, 261–268 (1966a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kubota, K., Hayama, S., Iwamoto, M.: Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongue of squirrel monkey (Saimeri sciurea). Primates 7, 381–389 (1966b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubota, K., Iwamoto, M.: Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongue of slow loris (Nycticebus coucang). Anat. Rec. 158, 163–176 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kubota, K., Kubota, J., Fukuda, N., Asakura, S.: Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongue of the great anteater (Myrmecophaga jubata Linne). Anat. Rec. 143, 15–25 (1962a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kubota, K., Kubota, J., Fukuda, N., Asakura, S., Nakagawa, S., Masui, M.: Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongues of the marsupials. Anat. Rec. 147, 337–353 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kubota, K., Kubota, Nakamura, T., Fukuda, N., Asakura, S., Nakagawa, S., Masui, M.: Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongue of the pangolin (Manis pentadactyla Linneus). Anat. Rec. 144, 43–56 (1962b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kubota, K., Togawa, S.: Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations in the tongue of Japanese door mouse (Glirulus japonicus). Anat. Rec. 154, 545–552 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kunze, G.: Die Zungenpapillen der Primaten. Gegenbaurs morph. Jb. 49, 569–679 (1915).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lalonde, E. R., Eglitis, J. A.: Number and distribution of taste buds on the epiglottis, pharynx, larynx, soft palate and uvula in a newborn human. Anat. Rec. 140, 91–93 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landgren, S., Zotterman, Y.: The recording of chemoreceptor spike activity in dogs. Acta physiol. scand. 22, 264–267 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawler, A. C.: Studies on the sensory structure of the proboscis and tongue of the ground mole. [Scalopus aquaticus (L)]. Contr. Biol. Lab. Catholic Univ. Amer. 23, 1–52 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Liljestrand, G., Zotterman, Y.: The water taste in mammals. Acta physiol. scand. 32, 291–303 (1954).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liljestrand, G., Zotterman, Y.: The alkaline taste. Acta physiol. scand. 35, 380–389 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Liljestrand, G., Zotterman, Y.: The effect of certain demulcents on the taste nerve ending. In: Festschrift Arthur Stoll, pp. 806–813. Basel: Sandoz AG. 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindenmaier, P., Kare, M. R.: The taste end-organs of the chicken. Poultry Sci. 38, 545–550 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Livingston, R. M.: Some observations on the natural history of the tongue. Ann. roy. Coll. Surg. Engl. 19, 185–200 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, D. A.: A comparative study of neural coding in gustation. Physiol. Behavior 3, 1–15 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin: Notes on the anatomy of Koala (Phascolarctos fuscus Desm). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1836, 109–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthes, E.: Ãœber einige Besonderheiten der Pennipedierzunge. Z. Anat. Entwickl.-Gesch. 108, 51–60 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • McGregor, G.: Comparative anatomy of the tongue. Ann. Otol. (St.Louis) 47, 196–211 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Merkel, F.: Ãœber die Endigungen der sensiblen Nerven in der Haut der Wirbeltiere. Rostock: H. Schmidt 1880.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mivart, St. G.: Notes on the anatomy of Erethizon dorsatus. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1882, 271–286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mochizuck, Y.: Studies on the papillae foliatae of Japanese. 2. The number of taste buds. Okajimas Folia anat. jap. 18, 355–369 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, C. A., Elliot, R.: Numerical and regional distribution of taste buds on the tongue of the pigeon. Anat. Rec. 88, 449 (Abstr.) (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, C. A., Elliot, R.: Numerical and regional distribution of taste buds on the tongue of the bird. J. comp. Neurol. 84, 119–131 (1946).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munch, F.: Die Topographie der Papillen der Zunge des Menschen und Säugetiere. Schwalber Morphol. Arbeit. 6, 605–690 (1896).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakashima, T., Shimamura, A., Kawashtma, M.: The tongue papillae of an Indian elephant. Kyushu Shika Gakkai Zassi 9, 18–21 (1955–1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nonoyama, J.: The distribution of the taste-buds on the tongue of some reptilia. J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ. 5, 57–66 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogata, M., Urata, Y., Toyoda, B., Kishihara, T.: The lingual papillae of a red panda. Kyusha Shika Gakkai Zassi 14, 293–294 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Oppel, A.: Ãœber die Zunge der Monotremen, Marsupialier und von Manis javanica. Semons Zool. Forschungsreisen Australien 4, 105–170 (1899).

    Google Scholar 

  • Oppenheimer, W.: Die Zunge des Orang-Utan. Gegenbaurs morph. Jb. 69, 62–97 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Owen, R.: Notes on the anatomy of the tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus inustus, Gould). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1852, 103–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, H., Hall, R. E.: The anatomy of the tongues and stomachs of eight new world bats. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 54, 64–72 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, F. G.: On the anatomy of Atherura africana compared with that of other porcupines. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1894, 675–692.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, F. G.: On the anatomy of Petrogale xanthopus, compared with that of other Kangaroos. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1896, 683–712.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfaffmann, C.: Gustatory afferent impulses. J. cell. comp. Physiol. 17, 248–258 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfaffmann, C.: Studying the sense of taste and smell. In: Methods of psychology. New York: Wiley 1948.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfaffmann, C.: Species difference in taste sensitivity. Science 117, 470 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfaffmann, C.: Gustatory nerve impulses in rat, cat and rabbit. Amer. J. Physiol. 181, 235–239 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Poulton, E. B.: On the tongue of the marsupialia. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1883, 599–628.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapuzzi, G., Casella, C.: Innervation of the fungiform papillae in the frog tongue. J. Neurophysiol. 28, 154–165 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reese, A. M.: The alligator and its allies. New York-London: C. P. Putnam’s Sons 1915.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothschild, L.: A classification of living animals. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaffer, K.: Ãœber ein paariges Geschmacksorgan am Eingang der Speiseröhre bei Spitzmäusen. Anat. Suppl. Anat. Anz. 28, 97–99 (1914).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schinkele, O.: Ãœber das Vorkommen von Geschmacksknospen im cranialen Drittel des esophagus. Z. mikr. Anat. 51, 498–501 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, R.: Zunge und weicher Gaumen. In: Primatologia, Bd. 3(1), S. 61–127. Basel-New York: S. Karger 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schofield, R. H. A.: Observations on taste-goblets in the epiglottis of the dog and cat. J. Anat. Physiol., Lond. 10, 475–477 (1876).

    Google Scholar 

  • Simonetta, B.: Presenza di calei gustativi nella porzione laringea della faringe di topo bianco. Atti Soc. Toscana Sci. Nat. Residente Pisa, Processi Verbali 37, 129–134 (1928).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonntag, C. E.: The comparative anatomy of the tongue of the mammalia. I. General description of the tongue. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1920, 115–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonntag, C. E.: The comparative anatomy of the tongues of mammalia. II. Family 1. Simiidae. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1921a, 1–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonntag, C. E.: The comparative anatomy of the mammalia. III. Family 2. Cercopithecidae: with notes on the comparative physiology of the tongues and stomachs of the langurs. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1921b, 277–322.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonntag, C. E.: The comparative anatomy of the tongues of the mammalia. IV. Family 3 and 4. Cebidae and Hapalidae. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1921 c, 497–524.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonntag, C. F.: The comparative anatomy of the tongues of the mammalia. V. Lemuroidea and Tarsioidea. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1921 d, 741–755.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonntag, C. F.: The comparative anatomy of the tongues of the mammalia. IV. Summary and classification of the tongues of the primate. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1921e, 757–767.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonntag, C. F.: A contribution to the anatomy of the three-toed sloth (Bradypus tridactylus). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1921 f, 157–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonntag, C. F.: The comparative anatomy of the tongues of the mammalia. VII. Cetacea, Sirenia and Ungulata. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1922, 639–657.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonntag, C. F.: The comparative anatomy of the tongues of the mammalia. VIII. Carnivora. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1923 a, 129–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonntag, C. F.: The comparative anatomy of the tongues of the mammalia. IX. Edentata, Dermoptera, and Insectivora. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1923b, 515–529.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonntag, C. F.: The comparative anatomy of the tongues of the mammalia. X. Rodentia. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1924 a, 725–741.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonntag, C. F.: The comparative anatomy of the tongues of the mammalia. XI. Marsupialia and montremata. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1924 b, 743–755.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonntag, C. F.: The comparative anatomy of the tongues of the mammalia. XII. Summary, classification and phylogeny. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1925, 701–762.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stahr, H.: Ãœber die Zungenpapillen des Breslauer Gorillaweibchens. Jena. Z. Med. Naturw. 41, 618–631 (1906a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stahr, H.: Vergleichende Untersuchungen an den Geschmackspapillen der Orang-Utan-Zunge. Z. Morph. Anthropologie 9, 344–360 (1906b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamar, H.: Taste reception of the opossum and the bat. Physiol. Zool. 34, 86–91 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuckerman, F.: Note on the papillae foliata and other taste areas of the pig. Anat. Anz. 3, 69–73 (1888a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuckerman, F.: Observations on the structure of the gustatory organs of the bat (Vespertilio subulatus). J. Morph. 2, 1–6 (1888b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuckerman, F.: On the gustatory organs of Putorius vison. Anat. Anz. 3, 941–942 (1888 c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuckerman, F.: The tongue and gustatory organs of Fiber zibethicus. J. Anat. Physiol. N. S. 2, 135–140 (1888d).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuckerman, F.: An undescribed taste area in Perameles nasuta. Anat. Anz. 4, 411–412 (1889a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuckerman, F.: On the gustatory organs of Arctomys monax. Anat. Anz. 4, 334–335 (1889b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuckerman, F.: On the gustatory organs of Erethizon dorsatus. Amer. monthly Micr. J. 10, 181 (1889c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuckerman, F.: The gustatory organs of Vulpes vulgaris. J. Anat. Physiol. 23, 201–205 (1889d).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tuckerman, F.: On the gustatory organs of the American hare Lepus americanus. Amer. J. Sci. 38, 277–280 (1889e).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuckerman, F.: The gustatory organs of Belideus ariel. J. Anat. Physiol. 24, 85–88 (1890a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuckerman, F.: The gustatory organs of Procyon lotor. J. Anat. Physiol. 24, 156–159 (1890b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tuckerman, F.: On the gustatory organs of some Edentata. Int. Mschr. Anat. Physiol. 7, 335–339 (1890c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuckerman, F.: On the gustatory organs of the mammalia. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 24, 470–482 (1890d).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuckerman, F.: On the gustatory organs of some of the mammalia. J. Morph. 4, 151–193 (1890e).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuckerman, F.: On the gustatory organs of Sciurus hudsonius. Int. Mschr. Anat. Physiol. 8, 137–139 (1891a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuckerman, F.: Observations on some mammalian taste organs. J. Anat. Physiol. 25, 505–508 (1891b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tuckerman, F.: On the terminations of the nerves in the lingual papillae of the Chelonia. Int. Mschr. Anat. Physiol. 9, 1–5 (1892a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuckerman, F.: Further observations on the gustatory organs of the mammalia. J. Morph. 7, 69–94 (1892b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuckerman, F.: The gustatory organs of Ateles ater. J. Anat. Physiol. 26, 391–393 (1892 c).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uga, S.: The fine structure of gustatory receptors and their synapses in frog’s tongue. Symposia Cell. Chem. 16, 75–86 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, J. G.: The structure and function of the taste buds of the larynx. Brain 28, 339–351 (1905).

    Google Scholar 

  • Woollard, H. H.: The anatomy of Tarsius spectrum. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1925, 1071–1184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zotterman, Y.: Species difference in the water taste. Acta physiol. scand. 37, 635–645 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1971 Springer-Verlag, Berlin · Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bradley, R.M. (1971). Tongue Topography. In: Beidler, L.M. (eds) Taste. Handbook of Sensory Physiology, vol 4 / 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65245-5_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65245-5_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-65247-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-65245-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics