Zusammenfassung
Catecholamine finden sich schon bei Protozoen und Invertebraten. Während bei den Vertebraten die Funktionen des Noradrenalins und Adrenalins einiger-maßen klargelegt sind, ist das bei Invertebraten weitgehend nicht der Fall. Das ist deshalb verständlich, weil bei Invertebraten von einem sympathischen Inner-vationssystem, wie es die Vertebraten von den poikilothermen bis zu den homoio-thermen Wirbeltieren in steigender Vollkommenheit besitzen, nicht die Rede sein kann. Zwischen dem, was bei Invertebraten (zu Unrecht) als „sympathisches System “bezeichnet wird, und dem sympathischen System der Vertebraten besteht keine Homologie. Es ist deshalb verständlich, daß die Interpretation von Catecholaminwirkungen bei Invertebraten schon rein terminologisch mit Schwierigkeiten verknüpft ist.
In diesem und in den folgenden Abschnitten werden, um Wiederholungen nach Möglichkeit zu vermeiden, die im Abschnitt über Acetylcholin gegebenen anatomisch-physiologischen Einführungen nur soweit ergänzt, als nach den speziellen Bedürfnissen des Abschnittes (z. B. sympathisches System und Nebennierenmark) im Abschnitt über die Catecholamine notwendig erscheint.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Aaron, H.A., Sayre, D.F.: The distribution of dopamine and dopa in various animals and a method for their determination in diverse biological material. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 145, 326–336 (1964).
Abel, J.J., Macht, D.I.: Two cristalline pharmacological agents obtained from the tropical toad. Bufo agua. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 3, 319–377 (1912).
Ackermann, H., Langemann, H.: Aminosäurendecarboxylase im menschlichen Gehirn. Helv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 18, C5–C6 (1960).
Akers, T.K.: Effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine and some blocking agents on tunicate smooth muscle. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 29, 813–819 (1969).
Allen, W.J., Barcroft, H., Edholm, O.G.: Action of adrenaline on blood vessels in human skeletal muscle. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 105, 255–267 (1946).
Angelakos, E.T.: Regional distribution of catecholamines in the dog heart. Circulat. Res. 16 I, 39–44 (1965).
—, Fuxe, K., Torchiana, M.L.: Chemical and histochemical evaluation of the distribution of catecholamines in the rabbit and guinea-pig hearts. Acta physiol. scand. 59, 184–192 (1963).
—, Glassman, P.M., Millard, R.W., King, M.: Regional distribution and subcellular localization of catecholamines in the frog hearts. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 15, 313–324 (1956).
—, Torchiana, M.L.: Positiv inotropic responses and catecholamine content of isolated rabbit atria exposed to tyramine. Acta physiol. scand. 59, 161–168 (1963).
Anton, A.H., Sayre, D.F.: A study of the factors affecting the aluminium oxyde-trihydro-xindole procedure for the analysis of catecholamines. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 138, 360 (1962).
Attardi, G.: Spontaneous peristaltic contractibility in arteries and veins of adult birds and mammals (Rodentia), cultivated in vitro. Demonstration in vivo of a peristaltic activity in the portal vein of Rodents. C. R. Ass. Anat. (Paris) 1955a.
—: Demonstration in vivo and in vitro of peristaltic contraction of the portal vein in adult mammals (Rodents). Nature (Lond.) 176, 76/77 (1955b).
Augustinsson, K. B., Fänge, R., Johnels, A., Oestlund, R.: Histological, physiological and biochemical studies on the heart of two cyclostomes, hagfish (Myxine) and lamprey (Lampetra). J. Physiol. (Lond.) 131, 257–276 (1956).
Axelsson, J., Bueding, E., Bülbring, E.: The inhibitory action of adrenaline on intestinal smooth muscle in relation to its action on Phosphorylase activity. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 156, 357–374 (1961).
—, Bülbring, E.: Metabolic factors affecting the electrical activity of intestinal smooth muscle. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 156, 344–356 (1961).
Bacq, Z.M.: Action de l’adrénaline, de l’ergotamine et de la tyramine sur le ventricule médian isolé de Loligo pealii. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 114, 1358–1360 (1933).
—: Recherches sur la physiologie du système nerveux autonome. V. Réactions du ventricule médian, des chromatophores et des divers organes isolés d’un mollusque céphalopode (Loligo pealii) à l’adrénaline, l’acétylcholine, l’ergotamine, l’atropine et aux ions K, Ca et Mg. Arch. int. Physiol. 38, 138–159 (1934).
—: L’acétylcholine et l’adrénaline chez les invertébrés. Biol. Rev. 22, 73–91 (1947).
—, Fischer, P.: Nature de la substance sympathicomimétique extraite des nerfs ou des tissus des mammifères. Arch. int. Physiol. 55, 73–91 (1947).
Bain, W.A.: The action of adrenaline and of certain drugs upon the isolated crustacean heart. Quart. J. exp. Physiol. 19, 297–308 (1929).
Baker, W.W., Baker, J.M.: The effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine and acetylcholine on the electrogram of the isolated frog heart. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 113, 132–139 (1955).
Barrington, E.J.W.: The biology of Hemichordata and Protochordata. Edinburgh and London: Oliver and Boyd 1965.
Barton-Browne, L., Dodson, L.F., Hodgson, E.S., Kiraly, J.K.: Adrenergic properties of the cockroach corpus cardiacum. Gen. comp. Endocr. 1, 232–236 (1961a).
—, Hodgson, E.S., Kiraly, J.K.: Stimulation of uterine contraction by extracts of the cockroach Periplaneta. Science 134, 669–670 (1961b).
Bayer, G., Wense, Th.: Über den Nachweis von Hormonen in einzelligen Tieren. II. Adrenalin (Sympathin) in Paramaecium. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 237, 651–654 (1936).
Baylor, E.R.: Cardiac pharmacology of the cladoceran, Daphnia. Biol. Bull. 83, 165–172 (1942).
Beauvallet, M., Le Breton, E., Salle, M.: Sur l’existence danslesplanchniquede fibres adréna-lino- et nor-adrénalinosecrétrices distinctes. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 232, 1243–1245 (1951).
Bekker, J.M., Krijgsman, B.J.: Physiological investigations into the heart function of Daphnia. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 115, 249–257 (1951).
Bell, C., Burnstock, G.: Cholinesterases in the bladder of the toad (Bufo marinus). Biochem. Pharmacol. 14, 79–89 (1964).
Bernheim, F.: Action of drugs on the isolated intestine of certain teleost fish. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 50, 216–222 (1934).
—, Blocksom, B.H.: Action of epinephrine on the intestine following stimulation of parasympathetic drugs. Amer. J. Physiol. 100, 313–316 (1923).
Bertler, A.: Effect of reserpine on the storage of catecholamines in brain and other tissues. Acta physiol. scand. 51, 75–83 (1961a).
—: Occurrence and localization of catecholamines in the human brain. Acta physiol. scand. 51, 97–107 (1961b).
—: Occurrence and distribution of catecholamines in brain. Acta physiol. scand. 47, 350–361 (1959 c).
—, Carlsson, A., Rosengren, E.: Release by reserpine of catecholamines from rabbit’s hearts. Naturwissenschaften 43, 521 (1956).
—, —, —: Fluorometric method for differential estimation of the 3–0-methylated derivatives of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Clin. chim. Acta 4, 456–457 (1959).
—, Falck, B., Hillarp, N.-A., Rosengren, E., Torp: A.: Dopamine and chromaffin cells. Acta physiol. scand. 47, 251–258 (1959).
—, Hillarp, N.-A., Rosengren, E.: Storage of new-formed catecholamines in the adrenal medulla. Experientia (Basel) 16, 419–420 (1960a).
—, —, —: Some observations on the synthesis and storage of catecholamines in the adrenaline cells of the suprarenal medulla. Acta physiol. scand. 50, 124–131 (1960b).
—, —, —: Effect of reserpine on the storage of new-formed catecholamines in the adrenal medulla. Acta physiol. scand. 52, 44–48 (1961).
—, Rosengren, A.-M., Rosengren, E.: In vivo uptake of dopamine and 5-hydroxytrypt-amine by adrenal medullary granules. Experientia (Basel), 16, 418–419 (1960).
—, Rosengren, E.: Occurrence and distribution of dopamine in brain and other tissues. Experientia (Basel) 15, 10–11 (1959a).
—, —: On the distribution in brain of monamines and of enzymes responsible for their formation. Experientia (Basel) 15, 382–384 (1959b).
—, —: Brain catecholamine content after sectioning the adrenergic nerves to the brain vessels. Acta physiol. scand. 47, 362–364 (1959d).
Bianchi, S.: The amine secreting neurones in the central nervous system of the earthworm Octolasium complanatum and their possible neurosecretory role. Gen. comp. Endocr. 9, 343–348 (1967).
Black, J.W., Stephenson, J.S.: Pharmacology of a new adrenergic betareceptor blocking compound. Lancet 7251, 311–314 (1962).
Blaschko, H.: L’amine-oxydase chez Sepia officinalis. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 133, 220–221 (1940).
—: Amine oxydase in Sepia officinalis. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 99, 364–369 (1941).
—: Metabolism and storage of biogenic amines. Experientia (Basel) 13, 9–12 (1957).
—: The development of current concepts of catecholamine formation. Symposium on catechol-amines. Pharmacol. Rev. 11, 307–316 (1959).
—: The amine oxydases of mammalian blood plasma. Advanc. comp. Physiol. Biochem. 1, 67–116 (1962).
—, Bonney, R.: Spermine oxydase and benzylamine oxydase. Distribution development and substrate specifity. Proc. roy. Soc. B 156, 268–279 (1962).
—, Friedman, P. J., Hawes, R., Nilsson, K.: The amine oxydases of mammalian plasma. J.Physiol. (Lond.) 145, 384–440 (1959).
—, Hawes, R.: Observations on spermine oxydase of mammalian plasma. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 145, 124–131 (1959).
—, Hawkins, J.: Amine oxydase in cephalopods. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 118, 88 (1952).
—, Himms, J.M.: Amine in the earthworm. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 120, 445–448 (1953).
—: Enzymic oxydation of amines in decapods. J. exp. Biol. 31, 1–7 (1954).
—, Richter, D., Schlossmann, H.: The oxydation of adrenaline and other amines. Biochem. J. 31, 2187–2196 (1937).
—, Welch, A.D.: Localization of adrenaline in the cytoplasmatic particles of the bovine adrenal medulla. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 219, 17–22 (1953).
Bloom, E.B., Oestlund, E., Adams-Ray, J., Ritzen, M., Sigmanc, A., Nordenstam, H., Lishajko, F., von Etiler, U.S.: Storage and release of catecholamines and the occurrence of a specific submicroscopic granulation in hearts of cyclostomes. Nature (Lond.) 188, 324–325 (1960).
Bloom, G., Oestlund, E., von Euler, U.S., Liskajko, F., Ritzen, M., Adam-Ray, J.: Studies on catecholamine-containing granules of specific cells in cyclostome hearts. Acta physiol. scand. 53, Suppl. 185, 1–34 (1961).
Boeke, J.: The autonomic (enteric) nervous system of Amphioxus lanceolatus. Quart. J. micr. Sci. 77, 623–658 (1935).
—: Die periphere Endausbreitung des sympathischen Systems. Nova Acta Leopoldina N.F. 2, 209–257 (1935a).
—: Innervationsstudien. VII. Der sympathische Darmplexus (Plexus entericus) von Amphioxus lanceolatus und die Bedeutung der interstitiellen Zellen und der Synapsen für den sympathischen Grundplexus. Z. mikr.-anat. Forsch. 38, 544–560 (1935b).
Boltt, R.E., Ewer, D.W.: Studies on the myoneural physiology of Echinodermata. V. The lantern retractor muscle of Parechinus: Response to drugs. J. exp. Biol. 40, 727–73 (1963).
Booz, K.H.: Experimentelle und morphologische Beobachtungen an der Vena portae der weißen Maus. Ann. Univ. sarav. Med. 116–154 (1959).
Bowman, W.V., Zaimis, E.: The effects of adrenaline, noradrenaline and isoprenaline on skelatal muscle contractions in the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 144, 92–107 (1958).
Boyd, A.M.: Intermediate sympathetic ganglia. Brit. med. Bull. 13, 207–212 (1957).
Boyd, H., Burnstock, G., Campbell, G., Jowett, A., O’Shea, J., Wood, M.: The cholinergic blocking action of adrenergic blocking agents in the pharmacological analysis of autonomic innervation. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 20, 418–435 (1963).
Boyd, J.D., Monro, P.A.G.: Partial retention of autonomic function after paravertebral sympathectomy (intermediate lumbar sympathetic ganglia as the probable explanation). Lancet 257, 892–895 (1949).
Brantner, G.: Die Unabhängigkeit des morphologischen Farbwechsels vom physiologischen Farbwechsel bei der Entstehung des Hochzeitskleides des männlichen Bitterlings. Z. vergl. Physiol. 38, 324–333 (1956).
Brodie, B.B., Bogdanski, D.F.: Biogenic amines and drug action in the nervous system of various vertebrate classes. Progr. Brain Res. 8, 234–242 (1964).
—, —, Bonomi, L.: Formation, storage and metabolism of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamin) and catecholamines in lower vertebrates. In: D. Richter (Editor): Comparative Neuro- chemistry, pp. 367–377. Oxford: Pergamon Press 1964.
Buddenbrook, W. von: Vergleichende Physiologie, Bd. IV, S. 126–127. Hormone. Basel: Birkhäuser-Verlag 1950.
—: Die Physiologie der Chromatophoren. In: W. von Buddenbrook: Vergleichende Physiologie, Bd. 5, Physiologie der Erfolgsorgane, S. 232–311. Basel: Birkhäuser-Verlag 1961.
Bueding, E., Bülbring, Edith: The inhibitory action of adrenaline. Biochemical and biophysical observations. In: Edith Bülbring (Editor): Pharmacology of smooth muscle, pp. 37–56. Oxford: Pergamon Press 1964.
Bülbring, E.: Membrane potentials of smooth muscle fibres of the taenia coli of the guinea-pig. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 125, 302–315 (1954).
—: Changes in configuration of spontaneously discharged spike potentials from smooth muscle of the guinea-pig’s taenia coli. The effect of electronic currents and of adrenaline, acetylcholine and histamine. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 135, 412–425 (1957).
—: Die Physiologie des glatten Muskels. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 273, 1–17 (1961).
—, Burnstock, G., Holman, M.E.: Excitation and conduction in the smooth muscle of the isolated taenia coli of the guinea-pig. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 142, 420–437 (1958).
Burgers, A.C.J., Boschman, Th. A.C., van Kamer, J.C.: Excitement darkening and the effect of adrenaline on the melanophores of Xenopus laevis. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 14, 72–82 (1953).
—, Leemreis, W., Dominezak, T., van Oordt, G.J.: Inhibition of the secretion of interme-dine by D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD 25) in the toad Xenopus laevis. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 29, 191 (1958).
—, van Oordt, G. J.: The effect of the skin secretion of Xenopus laevis on its dermal melanophores. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 23, 265–273 (1956).
Burgers, A.C.H.: Investigation into the action of certain hormones and other substances on the melanophores of the south african clawed toad, Xenopus laevis. Diss. Utrecht 1956 (V. W. van der Wiel & Co. Arnhem).
—: Electrophoretic behavior of pituitary melanocyte-stimulating activities of vertebrate origin. 1st Int. Congr. Endocrin. Copenhagen, Abstract 329–330 (1960).
Burgers, A.C.H.: Occurrence of three electrophoretic components with melanocyte-stimulating activity in extracts of single pituitary glands from ungulates. Endocrinology 68, 698–703 (1961).
—: Melanophore-stimulating hormones in vertebrates. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 100, 669–677 (1963).
Burn, J.H.: Function of autonomic transmitters. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co. 1956.
—, Rand, M.J.: The depressor action of dopamine and adrenaline. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 13, 471–479 (1958).
—, —: A new interpretation of the adrenergic fibre. In: Advances in pharmacology, Vol. 1, pp. 1–30. Ed. by S. Garattani and P. A. Shore. New York: Academic Press 1962.
—, —: Acetylcholine in adrenergic transmission. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 5, 163–182 (1965).
Burnstock, G.: The action of adrenaline on excitability and membrane potential in the taenia coli of the guinea-pig and the effect of DNP on this action and on the action of acetylcholine. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 143, 183–194 (1958).
—, Wood, G.: Innervation of the urinary bladder of the sleepy lizard (Trachysaurus rugosus). II. Physiology and pharmacology. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 20, 675–690 (1967).
—, Wood, M., O’Shea, J.: Studies on the comparative physiology of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Aust. J. Sci. 24, 192 (1961).
Cameron, M.L.: Secretion of an orthodiphenol in the corpus cardiacum of the insect. Nature (Lond.) 172, 349–350 (1953).
Campbell, G., Burnstock, G., Wood, M.: A method for disdinguishing between adrenergic and cholinergic excitatory innervation of smooth muscle. Quart. J. exp. Physiol. 49, 268–276 (1964).
Campos, H.A., Shideman, F.E.: Subcellular distribution of catecholamines in the dog heart. Effects of reserpin and norepinephrine administrations. Int. J. Neuropharmacol. 1, 13–22 (1962).
Cannon, J., Burnstock, G.: Excitatory adrenergic innervation of the fish heart. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 29, 765–773 (1969).
Cardot, J.: Sur la présence de dopamine dans le système nerveux et ses relations avec la décarboxylation de la dioxyphénylalamine chez le mollusque Helix pomatia. C.R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 257, 1364–1366 (1963).
Carlsson, A., Falck, B., Hillarp, N.-A., Thieme, G., Torp, A.: A new histochemical method for vizualization of tissue catechol. amines. Med. exp. (Basel) 4, 123–125 (1961).
—, —, —, Torp, A.: Histochemical localization at the cellular level of hypothalamic noradrenaline. Acta physiol. scand. 54, 385–386 (1962).
—, Hillarp, N.-A.: Release of adenosine triphosphate along with adrenaline and noradrena-line following stimulation of the adrenal medulla. Acta physiol. scand. 37, 235–239 (1956a).
—, —: Release of adrenaline from the adrenal medulla of rabbits produced by reserpine. Kgl. Fysiograf. Sällskap. I. Lund 26, Nr. 8, 90–91 (1956b) (zit. nach Callingham).
—, —: On the state of the catecholamines of the adrenal medullary granules. Acta physiol. scand. 44, 163–169 (1958).
—, Hökfelt, B.: The concomitant release of adenosintriphosphate and catecholamines from the adrenal medulla. J. biol. Chem. 227, 243–252 (1957).
Carlsson, A. J.: Contributions to the physiology of the heart of the California hagfish (Bdello-stoma dombergi). Z. allg. Physiol. 4, 259–288 (1904).
Case, J., Buck, J.: Control of flashing in fireflies. II. Role of central nervous system. Biol.Bull. Woods Hole 125, 234–250 (1963).
Chang, P., Fearn, H.J.: Depletion of catecholamines from the rat heart by phenoxybenz-amine, tyramine and reserpine. Aust. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci. 47, 319–323 (1969).
Chong, G.C., Phillis, J.W.: Pharmacological studies on the heart of Tapes waltlingi, a mollusc of the family veneridae. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 25, 481–496 (1965).
Churney, L.: Effect of epinephrine on monophasic action potential of auricular muscle. Amer. J. Physiol. 171, 516–521 (1952).
Cobb, J.L.S.: The distribution of monamines in the nervous system of echinoderms. Comp.Biochem. Physiol. 28, 967–971 (1969).
CIBA Foundation Symposium on adrenergic mechanisms. Boston Mass.: Little, Brown Co. 1961.
Cooper, C.J., De la Lande, I.S., Tyler, M.J.: The catecholamines in lizard heart. Aust. J.exp. Biol. med. Sci. 44, 205–210 (1965).
Cottrell, G. A.: Separation and properties of subcellular particles associated with 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, with acetylcholine and with an unidentified cardioexcitatory substance from Mercenaria nervous tissue. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 17, 891–907 (1966).
—: Occurrence of dopamine and noradrenaline in the nervous tissue of some invertebrate animals. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 29, 63–69 (1967).
Crescitelli, F., Geissman, T.A.: Invertebrate pharmacology: selected topics. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 2, 143–192 (1962).
Crout, H.R., Creveling, C.R., Udenfriend, B.: Norepinephrine metabolism in rat brain and heart. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 132, 269–277 (1961).
CROUT, H.R., MUSKUS, A. J., TRENDELENBURG, U.: Effect of tyramine on isolated guinea-pig atria in relation to the adrenaline stores. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 18, 600–612 (1962).
COUPLAND, R.E.: On the morphology and adrenaline-noradrenaline content of chromaffin tissue. J. Endocr. 9, 194–203 (1953).
— HOLMES, R.L.: The distribution of Cholinesterase in the adrenal glands of the rat, cat and rabbit. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 141, 97–106 (1950).
CURTAIN, C.C., NAYLER, W.G.: The isolation from human blood plasma of a substance having position inotropic action on the isolated toad heart. Biochem. J. 89, 69–75 (1963).
CURTIS, D.J., KERKUT, G.A.: The effect of reserpine on the vesicle content of Helix aspersa cerebral ganglia. J. comp. Biochem. Physiol. 30, 835–840 (1969).
DAHL, E.: Cellular localization of monamines in mollusc nervous system. Proc. XVI. Int. Congr. Zool., Vol. 2, 105 (1963).
DAHL, E. FALCK, B., LINQUIST, M., VON MECKLENBURG, C.: Monamines in mollusc neurons. Kemyl. Fysiograf. Sällskap. i. Lund Förhandl. 32, 89–92 (1962).
— — VON MECKLENBURG, E., MYRHBERG, H.: An adrenergic nervous system in anemones. Quart. J. micr. Sci. 104, 531–534 (1963).
Dahlström, A., Fuxe, K.: Evidence for the existence of monamine neurones in the central nervous system. Acta physiol. scand. 64, Suppl. 247 (1965).
Daly, J.W., Axelrod, J., Witkop, B.: Dynamic aspects of enzymatic O-methylation and-demetylation of catechols in vitro and in vivo. J. biol. Chem. 235, 1155–1159 (1960).
Dawson, A.B.: Evidence for the termination of neurosecretory fibers within the pars intermedia of the hypophysis of the frog Rana pipiens. Anat. Rec. 115, 63–70 (1953).
De la Lande, I.S., Tyler, M.J., Pridmore, B.R.: Pharmacology of the heart of Tiliqua (Trachysaurus) rugosa (the sleepy lizard). Aust. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci. 40, 129–137 (1962).
Dierst, K.E., Ralph, C.L.: Effect of hypothalamic stimulation on melanophores in the frog. Gen. comp. Endocr. 2, 347–353 (1962).
Dimon, Sister M.Th.: Response to phenethylamines and nicotine, and histology of the turtle atria. Amer. J. Physiol. 197, 747–751 (1959).
Dornhorst, A.C., Young, I.M.: The action of adrenaline and noradrenaline on the placental and foetal circulations in the rabbit and guinea-pig. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 118, 282–288 (1952).
Dreyer, N.B.: The action of autonomic drugs on elasmobranch and teleost involuntary muscle. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 78, 63–66 (1949).
Drury, A.N., Smith, F.M.: Observations relating to the nerve supply of the coronary artery of the tortoise. Part. I. Direct observations of the artery. Heart 11, 71–79 (1924).
— Sumbal, J.J.: Observations relating to the nerve supply, of the coronary arteries of the tortoise. Part. II. Perfusion of the artery. Heart 11, 267–284 (1924).
Dufour, J.J., Hunziker, N., Posternak, J.M.: Effets inotropes et chronotropes de l’acétyl-choline et de l’adrénaline sur le coeur de la tortue. J. Physiol. (Paris) 48, 521–524 (1956).
Duguid, A.M.E., Heathcote, R. St. A.: The action of drugs in vitro on Cestodes. IL Non-anthelminthic drugs. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 84, 159–175 (1950).
Duncan, C. J.: Rhythmic activity in an isolated penis preparation from the freshwater snail, imnaea stagnalis. Z. vergl. Physiol. 48, 295–301 (1964).
Duncanson, D., Stewart, T., Edholm, O.G.: Effect of l-arterenol on the peripheral circulation in man. Fed. Proc. 8, 37 (1949).
Dunér, H., von Euler, U.S., Pernow, B.: Catecholamines and substance P. in the mammalian eye. Acta physiol. scand. 31, 113–118 (1954).
Earl, A. E.: Reserpine (Serpasil) in veterinary practice. J. Amer. vet. med. Ass. 127, 227–233 (1956).
Ecoles, J.C.: The physiology of nerve cells. London: Oxford University Press 1957.
Egghart, Elisabeth, Umrath, K.: Über die Wirkung von Krampfgiften bei den verschiedenen Tiergruppen. Z. vergl. Physiol. 39, 133–162 (1956).
Elliot, K.A.C., Florey, E.: Factor I, inhibitory factor from brain. Assay, conditions in brain. Stimulating and antagonizing substances. J. Neurochem. 1, 181–191 (1956).
Epstein, D.: The responses of the excised batrachian alimentary canal to autonomic drugs. I. Xenopus laevis (the south African clawed toad) pilocarpine, physostigmine, adrenaline. J.Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 43, 653–675 (1931).
Eränkö, O.: Distribution of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the adrenal medulla. Nature (Lond.) 175, 88–89 (1955).
Erspamer, V.: Wirksame Stoffe der hintern Speicheldrüsen der Octopoden und der Hypo-bronchialdrüse der Purpurschnecken. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 2, 253 (1952b).
Esfeld, L.W. von: Verhalten von plexushaltigen und plexusfreien Darmmuskelpräparaten. Arch. exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 134, 347–386 (1928).
Euler, U.S.,von: A specific sympathomimetic ergone in adrenergic nerve fibres (sympathin) and its relations to adrenaline and noradrenaline. Acta physiol. scand. 12, 73–97 (1947).
Euler, U.S.,von: Presence of catechol amines in visceral organs of fish and invertebrates. Acta physiol. scand. 28, 296–305 (1953).
— III. Epinephrine and norepinephrine. Adrenaline and noradrenaline. Distribution and action. Pharmacol. Rev. 6, 15–22 (1954).
— III Noradrenaline. S. 382. Springfield/I11.: Ch. C. Thomas 1956.
— Distribution and metabolism of catechol hormones in tissues and axones. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 15, 483–512 (1958).
— Occurrence of catecholamines in Acrania and in invertebrates. Nature (Lond.) 190, 170–171 (1961a).
— Occurrence and distribution of catecholamines in the fish brain. Acta physiol. scand. 52, 62–64 (1961b).
— Noradrenaline. The Harvey Lectures, Series 95, 43–65 (1961c).
— Adrenergic neurohormones. In: U.S. von Euler and H. Heller: Comparative endocrinology, Vol. 2, pp. 209–238. New York: Academic Press 1963.
— Chaves, N., Teodosio, N.: Effect of acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline and histamine on isolated organs of Aplysia and Holothuria. Acta physiol. lat.-amer. 2, 101–106 (1952).
—— Noradrenaline. The Harvey Lectures, Series 55, 43–65 (1961c).
— Fänge, R.: Catecholamines in nerves and organs of Myxine glutinosa, Squalus acanthias and Gadus callarias. Gen. comp. Endocr. 1, 191–194 (1961).
— Hökfelt, B.: Colorimetric and biological estimation of adrenaline and noradrenaline in suprarenals of guinea-pig. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 8, 66–68 (1953).
— Lishajko, F.: Effect of reserpine on release of noradrenaline from transmitter granules in adrenergic nerves. Science 132, 351–352 (1960b).
—— Effect of reserpine on the release of catecholamines from isolated nerve and chromaffin cell granules. Acta physiol. scand. 52, 137–145 (1961).
—— Improved technique for the fluorimetric estimation of catecholamines. Acta physiol. scand. 51, 348–355 (1961).
— Oestlund, E.: Effects of certain biologically occurring substances in the isolated intestine of fish. Acta physiol. scand. 38, 364–372 (1957).
Ewer, D.W., van den Berg, R.: A note on the pharmacology of the musculature of Peripa-topsis. J. exp. Biol. 31, 497–500 (1954).
Falck, B.: Observations on the possibilities of the cellular localization of monamines by a fluorescence method. Acta physiol. scand. 56, Suppl. 197, 1–25 (1962).
— Cellular localisation of monamines. In: H.E. Himwich and W.H. Himwich (Editors): Progress in brain research, Vol. 8, pp. 28–44. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publ. Co. 1964.
— Häggendal, J., Owman, Ch.: The localization of adrenaline in adrenergic nerves in the frog. Quart. J. exp. Physiol. 48, 253–257 (1963).
— Hillarp, N.A., Högberg, B.: Content and intracellular distribution of adenosine triphosphate in cow adrenal medulla. Acta physiol. scand. 36, 360–376 (1956).
— Owman, C.: A detailed methodological description of the fluorescence method for the cellular demonstration of biogenic monamines. Acta Univ. 1 und II, 1–23 (1965).
—— Torp, A.: A new type of chromaffin cells, probably storing dopamine. Nature (Lond.) 183, 267–268 (1959a).
——— Some observations on the histology and histochemistry of the chromaffin cells probably storing dopamine. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 7, 323–328 (1959b).
Fänge, R.: The mechanism of gas transport in the eupysoclist swimmbladder. Acta physiol. scand. 30, Suppl. 110, 1–133 (1933).
— Effect of drugs on the intestine of a vertebrate without sympathetic nervous system. Ark. Zool. (Stockh.) 40, A 1–9 (1948).
— Use of the isolated heart of a freshwater mussel (Anodonta cygnea) for biological estimation of 5-hydroxytryptamine. Experientia (Basel) 11, 156–157 (1955).
— Pharmacology of Poikilothermic vertebrates and invertebrates. Pharmacol. Rev. 14, 281–316 (1962).
— Mattisson, A.: Studies on the physiology of the radula-muscle of Buccinum undatum. Acta Zool. (Stockh.) 58, 53–64 (1958).
— Oestlund, E.: The effects of adrenaline, noradrenaline, tyramine and other drugs on the isolated heart from marine vertebrates and a cephalopod (Eledone cirrosa). Acta Zool. (Stockh.) 35, 1–17 (1954).
— Oestlund, E.: The effects of adrenaline, noradrenaline, tyramine and other drugs on the isolated heart from marine vertebrates and a cephalopod (Eledone cirrosa). Acta Zool. (Stockh.) 35, 289–305 (1954).
Ferry, C. B.: The postganglionic fibres of the vas deferens of the guinea-pig. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 169, 72 P (1963).
— Cholinergic link hypothesis in adrenergic neuroeffector transmission. Physiol. Rev. 46, 420–456 (1966).
Fischer, P., Lecomte, J.: Artérénol et adrénaline dans la glande parotoide des crapauds tropicaux. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 81, 387–389 (1950a).
Fischer, P., Lecomte, J.: Nature des corps sympathomimétiques dans les glandes parotoides normales et énervées des crapauds tropicaux. Arch. int. Physiol. 57, 277–285 (1950b).
Florey, E.: Untersuchungen über die Natur der Farbwechselhormone der Crustaceen. Biol. Zbl. 71, 499–511 (1952).
— Comparative physiology: transmitter substances. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 23, 501–528 (1961).
— Comparative neurochemistry: inorganic ions, amino acids and possible transmitter substances of invertebrates. In: Elliott, Page and Quastel: Neurochemistry. 2nd Ed. Springfield/Ill.: Charles C. Thomas 1962.
— Acetylcholine in invertebrate nervous systems. Canad. J. Biochem. 41, 2619–2626 (1963).
— Amino-acids as transmitter substances. In: E. Bajusz and G. Jasmin: Major problems in neuroendocrinology, pp. 17–41. Basel/New York: S. Karger 1964.
— Comparative pharmacology: neurotropic and myotropic compounds. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 5, 357–382 (1965).
Florey, E.: Über die mögliche Bedeutung des Enteramins (5-Oxytryptamin) als nervöser Aktionssubstanz bei Cephalopoden und dekapoden Crustaceen. Z. Naturforsch. 9b, 58–68 (1954).
Flückiger, E.: Die Wirkung von 1-Adrenalin an Daphnia magna. Kgl. Fysiograf. Sällskap. i. Lund 21, Nr. 6, 1–6 (1951).
— Beiträge zur Verwendung von Daphnia als pharmakologisches Testobjekt. Diss. ETH Zürich 1952 a.
— Über die Wirkung von Sympathomimetica und Dihydroergotamin bei Daphnien. I. Wirkung auf Muskelfunktionen. Acta physiol. scand. 27, 206–216 (1952b).
— Die Wirkung der Sympathomimetica und Dihydroergotamin auf Dahpnien. II. Wirkung auf Stoffwechsel. Acta physiol. scand. 30, 33–44 (1953).
— Zur Biologie der Farbwechselhormone. Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel 73, 194–203 (1962).
— Die Melanocyten stimulierenden Hormone der Adenohypophyse. Arch. exp. Pathol. Phar-makol. 245, 168–184 (1963).
Fontaine, M.M. de, Mazeaud, M., Mazeaud, F.: L’adrénalinémie du Salmo solar L. à quelques étapes de son cycle vital et de ses migrations. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 256, 4562–4565 (1963).
Forsdahl, K.A.: Mechanism of pigment granule movement in melanophores of the lizard Anolis carolinensis. Nytt. Mag. Zool. 8, 37–44 (1959) (nach Fänge 1962).
Fourneau, E., Bovet, D.: Recherches sur l’action sympatholytique de nouveaux dérivés du dioxane. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 113, 388–389 (1933).
Fox, D.L.: Animal biochromes. Cambridge: University Press 1953.
Fredericq, H.: Action des nerfs du coeur d’Aplysia limacina: analyse au moyen de la caféine. Arch. int. Physiol. 49, 299–314 (1939).
— Les nerfs cardio-régulateurs des invertébrés et la théorie des médiateurs chimiques. Biol. Rev. 22, 297–314 (1947).
Freeman, M. A.: The effect of drugs on the alimentary canal of the african migratory locust Locusta migratoria. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 17, 755–764 (1966).
Friedman, M.H.F.: The nervous control of gastric secretion in the frog (Rana esculenta). J. cell. comp. Physiol. 5, 83–95 (1935a).
— A study of the innervation of the stomach of Necturus by means of drugs. Trans. roy. Soc. Can., Sect. V 29, 175–185 (1935b).
— Oesophogeal and gastric secretion in the frog. J. cell. comp. Physiol. 10, 37–50 (1937).
Fries, E.F.B.: Pituitary and nervous control of pigmentary effectors, especially xanthophores in killifish (Fundulus). Physiol. Zool. 16, 199–212 (1943).
Frisch, K. von: Über die Beziehungen der Pigmentzellen in der Fischhaut zum sympathischen Nervensystem. Festschrift R. Hertwig 3 (1910) (nach Buddenbrook, Bd. 5).
Furchgott, R.F.: The receptors of epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenergic receptors). Symposium on catecholamines. Pharmacol. Rev. 11, 429–441 (1959).
— Receptor mechanisms. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 4, 21–50 (1964).
— The pharmacological differentiation of adrenergic receptors. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 139, 553–570 (1967).
— Beiträge zur Physiologie der Pigmentzellen in der Fischhaut. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 138, 319–387 (1911).
Fuxe, K.: Cellular localization of monamines in the median eminence and the infundibular stem of some mammals. Z. Zellforsch. 61, 710–724 (1964).
— Ljunggren, L.: Cellular localization of monamines in the upper brain stem of pigeons. J. comp. Physiol. 125, 355–381 (1965).
— Owman, Chr.: Cellular localization of monamines in the arca postrama of certain mammals. J. comp. Neurol. 125, 337–353 (1965).
— Gaddum, J.H., Paasonen, M.K.: The use of some molluscan hearts for the estimation of 5-hydroxytryptamine. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 10, 474–483 (1955).
— Gaheby, Y., Boistel, J.: Study of some pharmacological substances which modify the electrical activity of the sixth. abdominal ganglion of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. In: Treherne and Beament: The physiology of the insect central nervous system, pp. 73–78. London and New York: Academic Press 1965.
— Gardier, R.W., Abreu, B.E., Richards, A.B., Herrlich, H.C.: Specific blockade of the adrenal medulla. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 130, 340–345 (1960).
Garry, R.C.: Innervation of abdominal viscera. Brit. med. Bull. 13, 202–206 (1957).
— Gillespie, J.S.: The responses of the musculature of the colon of the rabbit to stimulation, in vitro, of the parasympathetic and of the sympathetic outflows. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 128, 557–576 (1955).
Gaskell, J.F.: Adrenalin in annelids. A contribution to the comparative study of the origin of the sympathetic and the adrenalin-secreting systems and of the vascular muscles which the regulate. J. gen. Physiol. 2, 73–85 (1920).
Gersch, M.: Neurohormonale Beeinflussung der Herztätigkeit bei der Larve von Corethra. J. Insect. Physiol. 2, 281–297 (1958).
— Vergleichende Endokrinologie der wirbellosen Tiere, S. 285 u. 79 ff. Leipzig: Akad. Ver-lagsges. Geest und Portig 1964.
— Deuse, R.: Die Wirkung von Neurohormonen aus Insekten auf das Froschherz. Biol. Zbl. 76, 436–442 (1957).
— Unger, H.: Nachweis von Neurohormonen aus dem Nervensystem von Dixippus morosus mit Hilfe papierchromatographischer Trennung. Naturwissenschaften 44, 117 (1957).
— Fischer, F.: Die Isolierung eines Neurohormons aus dem Nervensystem von Periplaneta americana L. und einige biologische Testverfahren. Wiss. Z. Fr.-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Math.-nat. Reihe 6, 125–129 (1957).
Gerschenfeld, H.M.: A non-cholinergic synaptic inhibition in the central nervous system of molluscs. Nature (Lond.) 203, 415–416 (1964).
— Tauc, L.: Pharmacological specifities of neurones in an elementary central nervous system. Nature (Lond.) 189, 924–925 (1961).
Giarman, N.J., Day, M.: Presence of biogenic amines in the bovine pineal body. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1, 235 (1958).
Girolamo, A. de: Sulla morfologia comparata del sistema nervoso sympatico. Ricerche nei selaci. Arch. ital. Anat. Embriol. 54, 367–386 (1950).
Goffart, M.: Recherches relatives à l’action de l’adrénaline sur le muscle strié de mammifère. Arch. int. Physiol. 60, 318–418 (1952).
— The action of L-noradrenaline and adrenochrome on unfatigued mammalian muscle. Pharmacol. Rev. 6, 33–34 (1954).
— Ritchie, J.M.: The effect of adrenaline on the contraction of mammalian skeletal muscle. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 116, 357–371 (1952).
Govyrin, V.A., Leontieva, G.R.: Distribution of catecholamines in the myocardium of vertebrates. J. evolutionary Biochem. Physiol. (Leningrad) 1, 38–44 (1965) (Abstract in English).
Graham, J.D.P.: Antagonism by 2-hyloalkylamine compounds on some actions of adrenaline, noradrenaline and isoprenaline on Xenopus laevis. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 118, 317–326 (1959).
— The response to catecholamines of the melanophores of Xenopus laevis L. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 158, 5P–6P (1961).
Grauwiler, J.: Reserpinwirkungen beim Pferd. Diss. Vet. Med. Zürich 1958.
Gray, E.G.: Control of the melanophores of the minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) (L.) J. exp. Biol. 33, 448–459 (1956).
Greenberg, M.J.: The response of the Venus heart to catechol amines and high concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamines. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 15, 365–374 (1960).
Gregerman, R.I.: Adrenaline and hydroxytyramine in the parotid gland venom of the toad, Bufo marinus. J. gen. Physiol. 35, 483–487 (1952).
— Wald, G.: The alleged occurrence of adrenaline in the mealworm. J. gen. Physiol. 35, 489–493 (1952).
Grobecker, H., Holtz, P.: Über die Brenzkatechinamine im Froschherzen und in der Froschhaut vor und nach Verabfolgung von α-Methyldopa. Experientia (Basel) 22, 42–43 (1966).
Grove, D.J.: The effects of adrenergic drugs on melanophores of the minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus (L). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 28, 37–54 (1969).
Gruber, S.A., Ewer, D.W.: Observations on the myo-neural physiology of the polyclad Planocera gilchristi. J. exp. Biol. 39, 459–477 (1962).
Hackmann, R.H., Pryor, M.G.M., Todd, A.R.: The occurrence of phenolic substances in arthropods. Biochem. J. 43, 474–477 (1948).
Haefeli, H., Gross, F.: Bewegungsstudien an Lymphgefäßen im Mesenterium der Ratte. Helv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 10, C6 (1952).
Hajdu, S., Leonhard, E.: A serumprotein system affecting contractibility of the frog heart present in increased amounts in patients with essential hypertension. Circulat. Res. 6, 740–750 (1958).
Hama, T., Obika, M.: On the nature of some fluorescent substances of pterintipe in the adult skin of toad, Bufo vulgaris formosus. Experientia (Basel) 5, 182–187 (1958).
Hamberger, B., Norberg, K.-A.: Monamines in sympathetic ganglia, studied with fluorescence microscopy. Experientia (Basel) 19, 580–581 (1963).
— Sjöquist, F.: Cellular localization of monamines in sympathetic ganglia of the cat. A preliminary report. Life Sci. 2, 659–661 (1963).
— — Correlated studies of monamines and acetylcholinesterase in sympathetic ganglia, illustrating the distribution of adrenergic and cholinergic neurones. In: G.B. Koelle, W.W. Douglas, A. Carlsson: Pharmacology of cholinergic and adrenergic transmission, pp. 41–54. Oxford: Pergamon Press 1965.
Hanson, F.E., Jr.: Observations of the gross innervation of the firefly light organ. J. Insect. Physiol. 8, 105–112 (1962).
Hartman, W.J., Clark, W.G., Cyr, S.D., Jorden, A.L., Leibold, R.A.: Pharmacologically active amines and their biogenesis in the Octopus. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 90, 637–666 (1960).
Harvey, E.N.: Bioluminiscence. New York: Academic Press 1952.
Healey, E.G.: The colour change of the minnow Phoxinus laevis AG. J. exp. Biol. 31, 473–490 (1954).
Healy, E.G., Ross, D.M.: The effects of drugs on the background response of the minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus L. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 19, 545–580 (1966).
Henderson, F.G., Welles, J.S., Chen, K.K.: Parotoid secretions of Bufo blombergi and B. peltocephalus. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.) 104, 176–178 (1960).
Henze, M.: p-Oxyphenyläthylamin, das Speicheldrüsengift der Cephalopoden. Z. physiol. Chem. 87, 51–58 (1913).
Hermann, H., Jourdan, F., Bonnet, V.: Action sympatholytique et adrenalinoinverse du 2-benzyl-imidazoline. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 135, 1653–1655 (1941).
Hermansen, K.: The effect of adrenaline, noradrenaline and isoprenaline on the guinea-pig uterus. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 16, 116–128 (1961).
Hess, W.R.: Die funktionelle Organisation des vegetativen Nervensystems. Basel: Benno Schwabe 1948.
Hill, R. B.: The effects of certain neurohormones and of other drugs on the ventricle and radula protractor of Buscyon canaliculatum and on the ventricle of Strombus gigas. Biol. Bull. Woods. Hole 115, 471–482 (1958).
Hillarp, N.-A.: Enzymic systems involving adenosin phosphates in the adrenaline and nor-adrenaline containing granules of the adrenal medulla. Acta physiol. scand. 42, 144–165 (1958a).
— Adenosinphosphates and inorganic phosphate in the adrenaline and noradrenaline containing granules of the adrenal medulla. Acta physiol. scand. 42, 321–332 (1958b).
— Isolation and some biochemical properties of the catecholamine granules in the cow adrenal medulla. Acta physiol. scand. 43, 82–96 (1958 c).
— Further observations on the state of the catechol amines stored in the adrenal medullary granules. Acta physiol. scand. 47, 271–279 (1959b).
— Högberg, B., Nilson, B.: Adenosin-triphosphate in the adrenal medulla of the cow. Nature (Lond.) 176, 1032–1033 (1955).
— Hökfelt, B.: Evidence of adrenaline and noradrenaline in separate adrenal medullary cells. Acta physiol. scand. 30, 55–68 (1953).
— — Histochemical demonstration of noradrenaline and adrenaline in the adrenal medulla. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 3, 1–5 (1955).
— — Nilson, B.: The cytology of the adrenal medullary cells with special reference to the storage and secretion of the sympathomimetic amines. Acta. anat. (Basel) 21, 155–167 (1954).
— Jönsson, B., Thieme, G.: Adenosinphosphates in the rat adrenal medulla. I. Adrenal medulla in minimal secretory activity. Acta physiol. scand. 47, 310–319 (1959).
— Lagerstedt, St., Nilson, B.: The isolation of granular fraction from the suprarenal medulla, containing the sympathomimetic catecholamines. Acta physiol. scand. 29, 251–263 (1953).
— Nilson, B.: The structure of the adrenaline and noradrenaline containing granules in the adrenal medullary cells with reference to the storage and release of the sympathomimetic amines. Acta physiol. scand. 31, Suppl. 113, 79–107 (1954).
— Thieme, G.: Nucleotides in the catechol amine granules of the adrenal medulla. Acta physiol. scand. 45, 328–338 (1959).
Hirsch, E.F., Jellinek, M., Cooper, T.: Innervation of the systemic heart of the California hagfish. Circulat. Res. 14, 212–217 (1964).
Hogben, L.T., Mirvish, L.: The pigmentary effector system. V. The nervous control of excitement pallor in reptiles. Brit. J. exp. Biol. 5, 295–308 (1928).
— Slome, D.: The pigmentary effector system. VIII. The dual receptive mechanism of the amphibian background response. Proc. roy. Soc. B 120, 158–173 (1936).
Hökfelt, B.: Noradrenaline and adrenaline in mammalian tissue. Distribution under normal and pathological conditions with special reference to the endocrine system. Acta physiol. scand. 25, Suppl. 92, 1–134 (1951).
— McLean, J.M.: The adrenaline and noradrenaline content of the suprarenal glands of the rabbit under normal conditions and after various forms of stimulation. Acta physiol. scand. 21, 258–270 (1950).
Holmes, W.: The adrenal homologues in the lungfish Protopterus. Proc. roy. Soc. B137, 549–562 (1950).
Holmstedt, B.: A modifications of the thiocholine method for the determination of Cholinesterase. Acta physiol. scand. 40, 322–337 (1957).
— Sjöquist, F.: Distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the ganglion cells of various sympathetic ganglia. Acta physiol. scand. 47, 284–296 (1959).
Holtz, P., Balzer, H., Westermann, E.: Die Beeinflussung der Reserpinwirkung auf das Nebennierenmark durch Hemmung der Mono-aminoxydase. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s. Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 231, 361–372 (1957).
— Credner, K., Kroneberg, G.: Über das sympathicomimetische pressorische Prinzip des Harns („Urosympathin”). Arch. exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 204, 228–243 (1947).
— Heise, R., Kroneberg, G.: Über die sympathikomimetische Wirksamkeit von Herzmuskelextrakten. Arch. exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 212, 551–567 (1951).
— Kroneberg, G.: Biologische Adrenalinsynthese. Klin. Wschr. 1948, 605.
— Schümann, H.J.: Artspezifische Unterschiede im Arterenolgehalt des Nebennierenmarks. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 83, 417–430 (1950).
— — Über die sympatikomimetische Wirksamkeit von Herzmuskelextrakten. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s. Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 212, 551–567 (1951).
— Westermann, E.: Über die Dopadecarboxylase und Histidindecarboxylase des Nerven-gewebes. Arch. exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 227, 538–546 (1956).
—— Hemmung der Glutaminsäuredecarboxylase des Gehirns durch Brenzkatechinderivate. Arch. exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 231, 311–332 (1957).
Horowitz, S.B.: The energy requirements of melanin granule aggregation and dispersion in the melanophores of Anolis carolinensis. J. cell. comp. Physiol. 51, 341–357 (1958).
Horrisberger, B., Grandjean, E.: Über die Wirkung von Reserpin und von Isopropyl-Isonicotinsäurehydrazid (Marsilid) auf eine konditionierte Fluchtreaktion der Ratte. Helv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 16, 146–151 (1958).
Horstmann, E.: Beobachtungen zur Motorik der Lymphgefäße. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 269, 511–519 (1959).
Houssay, B.A., Rapela, C.E.: Adrenal secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Arch. exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 219, 156–159 (1953).
Hucovic, S.: Isolated rabbit atria with sympathetic nerve supply. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 14, 372–276 (1959).
Hutcheon, D.E.: Ventricular arrhythmias and automacity following norepinephrine. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.) 93, 592–594 (1956).
Hykes, O.V.: Mouvements du coeur chez les daphnies sous l’influence de quelques substances endocrines. C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 95, 58–60 (1926).
— L’adrénaline et le coeur des mollusques. C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 103, 360–363 (1930).
Inoue, M., Akimoto, H.: Seasonal variation in the noradrenaline and adrenaline contents of the toads adrenal. Kumamoto med. J. 12, 7–11 (1960).
Jaeger, C.P.: Physiology of the Mollusca. II. Action of serotonin and other amines on the heart of Strophocheilos oblongus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 6, 243–245 (1962).
— Physiology of mollusca. IV. Action of serotonin on the penis retractor muscle of Strophocheilos oblongus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 8, 131–136 (1963).
Jensen, D.: Eptatretin, a potent cardioactive agent from the branchial heart of the pacific hagfish Eptatretus storetis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 10, 129–151 (1963).
Johansen, K., Huston, M. J.: Effects of some drugs on the circulatory system of the intact, non-anesthetized cephalopod, Octopus dofleini Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 5, 177–184 (1962).
Johnels, A.G., Palmgren, A.: “Chromaffin” cells in the heart of Myxine glutinosa Acta Zool. (Stockh.) 41, 313–314 (1960).
Jones, J.C: Effects of drugs on Anopheles heart rates. J. exp. Zool. 133, 573–588 (1956).
Jullien, A., Cardot, J., Ripplinger, J., Joly, M.: Revue générale sur la régulation cardiaque chez les invertébrés. Hypothèses recentes. Ann. Sci. Univ. Besançon (2) Zoll. Physiol. fasc. 12, 67–82 (1959).
Jversen, L. L.: The uptake of adrenaline by the isolated perfused rat heart. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 21, 59–75 (1963).
Kanungo, M. S.: Cardiac physiology of the scorpion Palamnaeus bengalensis C. Koch. Biol. Bull. 113, 135–140 (1957).
Karmin, L. R.: Serpasil in canine practice, a preliminary report. N. Amer. Vet. 36, 346–348 (1955).
Kastle, J.H., McDermott, F. A.: Some observations on the production of light by the firefly. Amer. J. Physiol. 27, 122–151 (1910).
Kato, G., Ito, S., Omi, I.: Fibre analysis of cardiac vagus nerve. Jap. J. Physiol. 8, 67–75 (1958).
Kato, G., Ito, Sh., Sakakibara, R.: Fibre analysis of the cardiac sympathetic nerve. Jap. J. Physiol. 8, 76–82 (1958).
Kerkut, G.A., Horn, N., Walker, R.: Long-lasting synaptic inhibition and its transmitter in the snail Helix aspersa. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 30, 1061–1074 (1969).
Kerkut, G.A., Sedden, C.B., Walker, R.J.: The effect of DOPA, α-methyl DOPA and reserpine on the dopamine content of the brain of the snail, Helix aspersa. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 18, 921–930 (1966).
Kerkut, G.A., Uptake of DOPA and 5-hydroxytryptophan by monamine-forming neurones in the brain of Helix aspersa. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 23, 159–162 (1967).
Kerkut, G.A., Walker, R.J.: The effects of drugs on the neurones of the snail Helix aspersa. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 3, 143–160 (1961).
Ketterer, B., Remilton, Elisabeth: Studies on the pituitary melanophoreexpanding hor=mone with reference to its identity with ACTH. I. The critical assay of the melanophore expanding hormone. J. Endocr. 11, 7–13 (1954).
Keys, A., Bateman, J.B.: Branchial responses to adrenaline and to pitressin in the eel. Biol. Bull. 63, 327–336 (1932).
Kirby, S., Burnstock, G.: Pharmacological studies of the cardiovascular system in the anestetized sleepy lizard (Tiliqua rugosa) and toad (Bufo marinus). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 28, 321–331 (1969).
Kirchner, E.: Untersuchungen über neurohormonale Faktoren bei Melolontha vulgaris. Zool. Jb. Abt. allg. Zool. 69, 43–62 (1960/1962).
Kiss, G., Michl, H.: Über das Giftsekret der Gelbbauchunke, Bombina variegata. Toxicon 1, 33–39 (1962/63).
Kleinholz, L.H.: The melanophor-dispersing principle in the hypophysis of Fundulus hete-roclitus. Biol. Bull. Woods Hole 69, 379–390 (1935).
Kleinholz, L.H., Havel, V.J., Reichart, R.: Studies on the regulation of bloodsugar concentration in crustaceans. II. Experimental hyperglycemia and the regulatory mechanisms. Biol. Bull. 99, 454–468 (1950).
Kleinschmidt, A., Schümann, H.J.: Strukturuntersuchungen über die Adrenalin und Noradrenalin speichernden Granula des Nebennierenmarks. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 241, 260–272 (1961).
Klingman, Gerda I., Kardaman, Susan, Haber, Judith: Amine levels, monamine oxydase and dopa-decarboxylase activities in the gastro-intestinal tract of the rat. Life Sciences 3, 1355–1360 (1964).
Klippel, R., König, J.: Zur mikroskopischen Methode des Chromatophoren-Tests. Arznei-mittel-Forsch. 6, 489–495 (1956).
Koelle, G. B.: Cholinesterases and anticholinesterase agents. Handbuch exp. Pharmakologie, Bd. 15. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1963.
Köhler, V.: Die Erythrophoren expandierende Wirkung unphysiologischer Konzentrationen von Adrenalin bei der Elritze. Endokrinologie 30, 42–45 (1953).
Koller, G.: Versuche an nervenfreien embryonalen Amphibienherzen. Z. vergl. Physiol. 18, 186–203 (1932/1933).
Kopin, I.J., Gordon, E.K.: Origin of norepinephrine in the heart. Nature (Lond.) 1289 (1963).
Krauter, D.: Experimentelle Untersuchungen über das Interrenalorgan von Knochenfischen. Wilhelm Roux’ Arch. Entwickl.-Mech. Org. 150, 607–637 (1958).
Krijgsman, B.J.: Contractile and pacemaker mechanisms of the heart of arthropods. Biol. Rev. 27, 320–346 (1952).
Kroneberg, G., Schümann, H.J.: Die Wirkung des Reserpins auf den Hormongehalt des Nebennierenmarks. Arch. exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 231, 349–360 (1957).
Kroneberg, G., Adrenalinsekretion und Adrenalinverarmung der Kaninchennebennieren nach Reser-pin. Arch. exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 234, 133–146 (1958).
Krupp, H., Lendle, L., Stapenhorst, K.: Pharmakologische Wirkungen am isolierten Ganglien-Muskelpräparat des Gelbrandkäfers. (Zur vergleichenden Pharmakologie des Nerv-Muskelsystems). Arch. exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 215, 443–459 (1952).
Kruta, U.: Action des poisons du système nerveux autonome sur le coeur isolé de la seiche. J. Physiol. (Paris) 34, 65–76 (1936).
Kuleman, Helga: Untersuchungen der Pigmentbewegungen in embryolanlen Melanophoren von Xenopus laevis in Gewebekulturen. Zool. Jb. Physiol. 69, 169–192 (1962).
Kuntzman, R., Shore, P.A., Bogdanski, D., Brodie, B.B.: Microanalytical procedures for fluorometric assay of brain dopa-5 HTP decarboxylase, norepinephrine and serotonin, and a detailed mapping of decarboxylase activity in brain. J. Neurochem. 6, 226–232 (1960).
Kuschinsky, G.: Chemotaktische Wirkungen von Pharmaka des vegetativen Systems auf Paramäcien. Arch. exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 208, 182–183 (1949).
Kuschinsky, G., Lindmar, R., Lütllmann, H., Muscholl, E.: Der Einfluß von Reserpin auf die Wirkung der „Neuro-Sympathomimetica”. Arch. exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 240, 242–252 (1960).
Labos, E., Salánki, J., Rözsa, Katalin: Effect of serotonin and other bioactive agents on the rhythmic activity in the glochidia of a fresh-water (Anodonta cygnea L.). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 11, 171–172 (1964).
Langemann, H., Ackermann, H.: Über die Aktivität der Aminosäuren-Decarboxylasen im Gehirn des Menschen. Helv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 19, 399–406 (1961).
Lasagna, L.: Detection of norepinephrine in the parotid gland secretion of Bufo agua. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.) 78, 876–878 (1951).
Leaders, F.E., Dayrit, C.: The cholinergic component in the sympathetic innervation to the spleen. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 147, 145–152 (1965).
Leduc, J.: Catecholamine production and release in exposure and acclimation to cold. Acta physiol. scand. 53, Suppl. 183, 1–101 (1961).
Lee, H.M., Chen, K.K.: The occurrence of norepinephrine in the Chinese toad venom. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 102, 286–290 (1951).
Lee, T.H., Lerner, A.B., Buettner-Janusch, Vina: Species differences and structural requirements for melanocyte-stimulating activity of melanocyte-stimulating hormones. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 100, 658–668 (1963)
Lee, W.C., McCarty, L.P., Zodrow, W.W., Shideman, F.E.: The cardiostimulant action of certain ganglionic stimulants on the embryonic chick heart. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 130, 30–36 (1960).
Lee, W.C., Shideman, F.E.: Role of myocardial catecholamines in cardiac contractibility. Science 129, 967–968 (1959).
Lee, W.C., Shin, Y.H., Shideman, F.E.: Cardiac activities of several monamine oxydase inhibitors. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 133, 180–185 (1961).
Lentz, T.L., Wood, J. G.: Amines in the nervous system of coelenterates. J. Histochem. Cyto-chem. 12, 37 (1964).
Lerner, A.B.: Hormonal control of pigmentations. Ann. Rev. Med. 11, 187–194 (1960).
Lerner, A.B., Case, J.D.: Pigment cell regulatory factors. J. invest. Derm. 32, 211–221 (1959).
Lerner, A.B., Shizume, K., Bunding, I.: The mechanism of endocrine control of melanin pigmentation. J. clin. Endocr. 14, 1463–1490 (1954).
L’Hélias, C.: Identification de facteurs hormonaux dans le cerveau et le complexe rétrocéré-bral du phasme Carausius morosus. Ann. Sci. nat. Zool. Biol. Animale 18, 275–281 (1956).
Lichtensteiger, W., Langemann, H.: Aufnahme exogener Catecholamine in monamin-haltige Neurone. Helv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 23, C31–C33 (1965).
Loewi, O.: Quantitative und qualitative Untersuchungen über den Sympathicusstoff. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 237, 504–514 (1936).
Loewi, O.: Über den Adrenalingehalt des Säugerherzens. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 57, 139–140 (1937).
Lovenberg, W., Weissbach, H., Udenfriend, S.: The effect of thyroxine on isolated dehy-drogenases. Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. J. biol. Chem. 237, 89–93 (1962).
Lowe, T.E., Nayler, W.G.: Cardioactive plasma substances. Amer. J. Heart 69, 1–3 (1965).
Lutz, B. R.: The effect of adrenaline on the auricle of elasmobranch fishes. Amer. J. Physiol. 94, 135–139 (1930).
Lutz, B. R.: The innervation of the stomach and rectum and the action of adrenaline in elasmobranch fishes. Biol. Bull. 61, 93–100 (1931).
Lutz, B. R.: The effect of adrenaline chloride and toad venom on the blood pressure and heart rate of the tropical toad, Bufo marinus. Biol. Bull. 64, 299–303 (1933).
Lutz, B. R., Wyman, L. C.: Reflex cardiac inhibition of branchio-vascular origin in the elasmobranch, Squalus acanthias. Biol. Bull. 62, 10–16 (1932a).
Lutz, B. R.: The evolution of a carotid sinus reflex and the origin of vagal tone. Science 75, 590–591 (1932b).
Macdonald, A.D.: Action of adrenaline on the perfused fish heart. Quart. J. exp. Physiol. 15, 69–80 (1925).
Malhotra, C.L., Pundlik, P.G.: The effect of reserpine on the acetylcholine content of different areas of the central nervous system of the dog. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 14, 46–47 (1959).
Mansour, T.E.: Actions of seretonin and epinephrine on intact and broken cell preparations from the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. Pharmacol. Rev. 11, 465–466 (1959).
McCarty, L.P., Lee, W.C., Shideman, F.E.: Measurement of the inotropic effects of drugs on the innervated and non-innervated embryonic chick heart. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 129, 315–321 (1960).
McDovall, R.J.S.: The potentiating action of acetylcholine on that of adrenaline. J. Physiol.(Lond.) 106, 1–7 (1947).
McElroy, W.D., Hastings, J.W.: Biochemistry of firefly luminiscence. In: The luminiscence of biological systems, pp. 161–198. Ed. by F.H. Johnson. Amer. Ass. Adv. Sci. Washington 1955.
McGeer, E.G., McGeer, P.L., McLennan, H.: The inhibitory action of 3-hydroxytyramine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and of some other compounds towards the crayfish stretch receptor neuron. J. Neurochem. 8, 36–49 (1961).
McLean, J.R., Burnstock, G.: Histochemical localization of catecholamines in the urinary bladder of the toad (Bufo marinus). J. Histochem. Cytochem. 14, 538–548 (1966).
— Bell, C., Burnstock, G.: Histochemical and pharmacological studies of the innervation of the urinary bladder of the frog (Rana temporaria). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 21, 383–392 (1967).
— Burnstock, G.: Innervation of the urinary bladder of the sleepy lizard (Trachysaurus rugosus). I. Fluorescent histochemical localization of catecholamines. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 20, 667–673 (1967a).
—— Innervation of the lungs of the toad (Bufo marinus). I. Fluorescent histochemistry of catecholamines. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 22, 767–773 (1967b).
McLennan, H.: The effect of some catecholamines upon a monosynaptic reflex pathway in the spinal cord. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 158, 411–425 (1961).
— On the action of 3-hydroxytyramine and dichloroisopropylnoradrenaline on spinal reflexes. Experientia (Basel) 18, 278–279 (1962).
— Hagen, B. A.: On the response of the stretch receptor neurones of crayfish to 3-hydroxytyr-amine and other compounds. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 8, 219–222 (1963).
Medvedeva, N. B.: Le problème de la réaction spécifique des animaux invertébrés à l’action des increts de vertébrés. III. Hyperclycémie adrénalinique et son mécanisme chez Crustacea. J. Méd. Acad. Sci. URSS Ukraine 4, 677 (1935) (zit. nach Z.M. Bacq, 1947).
Meier, R., Meyer, R.T.: Über den peripheren Angriffspunkt des Priscols am Gefäßsystem. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 71, 1206–1207 (1941).
Michaelson, I.A., Richardson, K.C., Snyder, S.N., Titus, E.O.: The separation of cate-cholamine storage vesicles from rat heart. Life Sci. 3, 371–378 (1964).
Michl, H., Kaiser, E.: Chemie und Biochemie der Amphibiengifte. Toxicon 1, 175–228 (1962/63).
Middleton, S., Middleton, H.H., Toka, J.: Adrenergic mechanism of vagal cardiostimulation. Amer. J. Physiol. 158, 31–37 (1949).
Millott, N.: The visceral nervous system of the earthworm. II. Evidence of chemical trans-mission and the action of sympathomimetic and parasympathomimetic drugs on the tone of the alimentary canal. Proc. roy. Soc. B 362–373 (1943b).
Minz, B., Domino, E.F.: Effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on electrically induced seizures. J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. 107, 204–218 (1953).
Mislin, H.: Zum Problem der Selbstregulation des Venenherzens (Chiroptera). Helv. physiol. Pharmacol. Acta 17, C27–C31 (1959).
— Zur Funktionsanalyse der Lymphgefäßmotorik (Cavia porcellus L.). Rev. Suisse Zool. 68, 228–238 (1961a).
— Experimenteller Nachweis der autochthonen Automatie der Lymphgefäße. Experientia (Basel) 17, 29–30 (1961b).
— Zur Funktionsanalyse des Hilfsherzens (Vena portae) der weißen Maus (Mus Musculus f.alba). Rev. Suisse Zool. 71, 317–331 (1963)).
— Rathenow, D.: Beeinflussung der Spontanrhythmik der isolierten mesenterialen Lymph-gefäße (Lymphangion) durch diverse Pharmaka (Cavia porcellus L.) Helv. physiol. phar-macol. Acta 19, C87–C90 (1961).
—— Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Bewegungskoordination der Lymphangione (Cavia porcellus L.) Rev. Suisse Zool. 69, 334–344 (1962).
Montagu, Katherine A.: Seasonal variations of noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations in rat tissues. Nature (Lond.) 178, 417–418 (1956).
Montanari, R., Costa, R., Beaven, M.A., Brodie, B.B.: Turnover rates of norepinephrine in hearts of intact mice, rats and guinea-pigs using tritiated norepinephrine. Life Sciences 2, 232–240 (1963).
Moody, P.A., Cochran, V.A., Drugg, H.: Serological evidence on lagomorph relationships. Evolution 3, 25–33 (1949).
Mott, J.C.: The cardiovascular system. In: M.E. Brown: The physiology of fishes, Vol. I, pp. 81–108. New York: Academic Press 1957.
Müller, J.C., Schlittler, E., Bein, H.J.: Reserpin, der sedative Wirkstoff aus Rauwolfia serpentina Benth. Experientia (Basel) 8, 338 (1952).
Müller, P.: Über die Verteilung der Glutaminsäuredecarboxylase im menschlichen Gehirn. Diss. Med. Univ. Zürich 1962.
Munro, A.F.: Potentiations and reversal of the adrenaline motor response in the guinea-pig ileum by autonomic drugs. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 118, 171–181 (1952).
— Effect of autonomic drugs on the responses of isolated preparations from the guinea-pig intestine to electrical stimulation. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 120, 41–51 (1953).
Muscholl, E.: Die Verteilung von Noradrenalin und Adrenalin im Herzen der Katze, des Kaninchens und der Ratte. Experientia (Basel) 14, 344 (1958).
— Die Konzentration von Noradrenalin und Adrenalin in den einzelnen Abschnitten des Herzens. Arch. exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 237, 350–364 (1959).
— Die Hemmung der Noradrenalinaufuahme des Herzens durch Reserpin und die Wirkung von Tyramin. Arch. exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 240, 234–241 (1960).
— Drugs interfering with the storage and release of adrenergic transmitters. In: G. B. Koelle, W.W. Douglas and A. Carlsson: Pharmacology of cholinergic and adrenergic trans-mission, pp. 291–301. Oxford: Pergamon Press 1965.
— Maître, L.: Release by sympathetic stimulation of α-methylnoradrenaline in the heart after administration of α-methyldopa. Experientia (Basel) 19, 658–659 (1963).
— Vogt, M.: The action of reserpine on sympathetic ganglia. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 136, 7P (1957a).
—— The concentration of adrenaline in the plasma of rabbits treated with reserpine. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 12, 532–535 (1957b).
—— The action of reserpine on the peripheral sympathetic system. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 141, 132–155 (1958).
Müssbichler, A., Umrath, K.: Über den Farbwechsel von Hyla arborea. Z. vergl. Physiol. 32, 311–318 (1950).
Myhrberg, H.E.: Monaminergic mechanisms in the nervous system of Lumbricus terrestris.
Nador, K.: Ganglienblocker. Fortschr. Arzneimittelforsch. 2, 297–416 (1960).
Nayler, W.G., McCulloch, W.M.: The action of anions on cardiac muscle. Aust. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci. 38, 117–126 (1960a).
—— The positive inotropic action of plasma. Aust. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci. 3, 127–134 (1960b).
— Price, J.M., Lowe, T.E.: The presence of a substance with positive inotropic activity in blood plasma of a variety of animals. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 15, 503–507 (1965).
Newman, M., Thienes, C. H.: On the sympathetic innervation of guinea-pig intestine. Amer. J. Physiol. 104, 113–116 (1933).
Nicholls, J.V.V.: The effect of temperature variations and of certain drugs upon the gastric motility of elasmobranch fishes. Contrib. Can. Biol, and Fisheries (N. Y.) 7, 433–442 (1933).
— Reaction of the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract of the skate to stimulation of utonomic nerves in isolated nerve-muscle preparations. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 83, 56–67 (1934).
Nickerson, M.: Pharmacology of adrenergic blockade. Pharmacol. Rev. 1, 27–101 (1949).
— Drugs inhibiting adrenergic nerves and structures innervated by them. In: Goodman and Gilman: The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 3 Ed., pp. 546–577. New York, Comp. 1965.
— New developments in adrenergic blocking drugs. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 139, 571–579 (1967).
Nilsson, S., Fänge, R.: Adrenergic receptors in the swimmbladder and gut of a teleost (Anguilla anguilla). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 23, 661–664 (1967).
—— Adrenergic and cholinergic vagal effects on the stomach of a teleost (Gadus morhua). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 30, 691–694 (1969).
Norberg, K.-A., Hamberger, B.: The sympathetic adrenergic neuron. Some characteristics revealed by histochemical studies on the intra-neuronal distribution of the transmitter. Acta physiol. scand. 63, Suppl. 238 (1964).
O’Connor, R.J.: Effect of d-tubocurarin chloride and carbaminoylcholine on the respiration of Daphnia. Nature (Lond.) 166, 441 (1950).
Oestlund, E.: Adrenaline, noradrenaline and hydroxytyramine in extracts from insects. Nature (Lond.) 172, 1042–1043 (1953).
— The distribution of catechol amines in lower animals and their effect on the heart. Acta physiol. scand. 31, Suppl. 112, 1–67 (1954).
— Oestlund, E. Fänge, R.: Vasodilation by adrenaline and noradrenaline, and the effect of some other substances on perfused fish gills. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 5, 307–309 (1962).
— Oestlund, E. Bloom, B., Adams-Ray, J., Ritzén, M., Siegmane, A., Nordenstam, H., Lishajko, F., von Eitler, U. S.: Storage and release of catecholamines, and the occurence of a specific submicroscopic grannulation in hearts of cyclostomes. Nature (Lond.) 188, 324–325 (1960).
Oka, M., Ohuchi, T., Yoshida, H., Imaizumi, R.: Selective release of noradrenaline and adrenaline from isolated medullary granules. Life Sci. 5, 433–438 (1966).
Oordt, G.J. van, Burgers, A.C.J.: Studies on pigment migrations in the melanophores of Xenopus laevis. Arch. néerl. Zool. Suppl. 1, 13, 290–300 (1959).
Otorii, T.: Pharmacology of the heart of Entosphenus japonicus. Acta med. biol. Jap. 1, 51–59 (1953).
Otsuka, M.: Die Wirkung von Adrenalin auf Purkinjefasern von Säugetierherzen. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 266, 512–517 (1958).
Paasonen, M.K., Vartiainen, A.: Pharmacological studies on the body wall musculature of cat tape-worm (Taenia taeniaeformis). Acta pharmacol. (Kbh.) 15, 29–36 (1958).
Pantin, C.F.A.: Responses of the leech to acetylcholine. Nature (Lond.) 135, 875 (1935).
Parker, G.H.: The colour changes in lizards, particulary in Phrynosoma. J. exp. Biol. 15, 48–73 (1938).
— Parker, G.H.: Sensitization of melanophores by nerve cutting. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 28, 164–170 (1942).
— Parker, G.H.: Animal colour changes and their neurohumours. A survey of investigations 1910–1943. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1948.
— Parker, G.H.: What parts of the melanophores system on Fundulus are acted upon by adrenaline? J. cell. comp. Physiol. 5, 310–318 (1934).
— Parker, G.H. Zicher, L.M.: Noradrenaline and dopamine content of normal decentralized and denerv-ated pineal gland of the rat. Life Sciences 5, 149–154 (1966).
Paton, D. M.: Uptake of noradrenaline by ventricular slices of Rana pipiens. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 28, 477–481 (1969).
Pellegrino de Iraldi, A., Zieher, L.M.: Noradrenaline and dopamine content of normal decentralized and denervates pineal gland of the rat. Life Sci. 5, 149–154 (1966).
— Pellegrino de Iraldi, A., Zieher, L.M., Gorgina Rodriguez de Lores Arnaiz, Zieher, L.M.: Synaptic vesicles from the rat hypothalamus. Life Sci. 4, 194–201 (1965).
Perry, W.L.M.: Transmission in autonomic ganglia. Brit. med. Bull. 13, 220–226 (1957).
Phillis, J.W.: Innervation and control of a molluscan heart. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 17, 719–739 (1966a).
— Phillis, J.W.: Regulation of rectal movements in Tapes walilingi. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 17, 909–928 (1966b).
Piccinelli, D.: Azione delia reserpina su alcune localizazioni di indolalchilamine e fenilal- chilamine in vertebrati. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 117, 452–458 (1958).
Pletscher, A.K., Gey, F., Kunz, E.: Accumulation of exogenous monamines in brain in vivo and its alteration by drugs. In: H.E. Himwich and W.H. Himwich (Editors): Progress in brain research, Vol. 8, pp. 45–52. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publ. Co. 1964.
Porter, R.W.: Alterations in electrical activity of the hypothalamus induced by stress stimuli. Amer. J. Physiol. 169, 629–637 (1952).
— Prosser, C.L.: Comparative animal physiology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co. 1952.
— Prosser, C.L., Brown, F.A., jr.: Comparative animal physiology. 2nd Ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co. 1961.
Pscheidt, G.R., Himwich, H.E.: Chicken brain amines, with special reference to cerebellar norepinephrine. Life Sciences 2, 524–526 (1963).
— Pscheidt, G.R., Himwich, H.E. Morpurgo, Clara, Himwich, H.E.: Studies on norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in various species. In: D. Richter: Comparative Neurochemistry, pp. 401–412. Ed. by D. Richter. Oxford: Pergamon Press 1964.
Raab, W., Gigel, W.: Die Katecholamine des Herzens. Arch. exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 219, 248–262 (1953).
Rabbeno, A.: Correlazioni fra interrenale e cromaffine. Nota I. Azione associata contempo-ranea dell’adrenalina e dell’ endocorticalina sul cuore isolato di rana. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 80, 209–235 (1949).
— Rabbeno, A.: The combined action of epinephrine with the hormones of adrenal cortex on the isolated heart of Scyllium canicula. XVIII. Intern. physiolog. Congr. Copenhagen 1950, Abstr. of Communications, pp. 401
Rand, M.J., Chang, V.: New evidence for a cholinergic process in sympathetic transmission. Nature (Lond.) 188, 858–859 (1960).
Randall, D.J., Don Stevens, E.: The role of adrenergic receptors in cardiovascular changes associated with exercise in salmon. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 21, 415–424 (1967).
Rapela, C.E.: Sensibilidad del recto del sapo y de la rata para la adrenalina y noradrenalina. Rev. Soc. argent. Biol. 27, 260–262 (1951).
Redfield, A.C.: The physiology of the melanophores of the horned toad Phrynosoma. J. exp. Zool. 26, 275–323 (1918).
Riley, V., Fortner, J.G. (Editors): The pigment cell. Molecular, biological and clinical aspects. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 100, 497–1124 (1963).
Robertis, E. de: Submicroscopic morphology and function of the synapse. Exp. Cell. Res. 5, Suppl. 347–369 (1958).
— Robertis, E. de Pellegrino de Iraldi, A.: A plurivascular component in adrenergic nerve endings. Anat. Rec. 139, 299 (1961).
Robertson, O.H.: Factors influencing the state of dispersion of the dermal melanophores in rainbow trout. Physiol. Zool. 24, 309–323 (1951).
Ross, D.M.: Facilitation in sea anemones. I. The action of drugs. J. exp. Biol. 22, 21–31 (1945).
— Ross, D.M.: The effects of ions and drugs on neuromuscular preparations of sea anemones. I. On preparations of the column of Calliactis and Metridium. J. exp. Biol. 37, 732–752 (1960a).
— Ross, D.M.: The effects of ions and drugs on neuromuscular preparations of Calliactis and Metridium II. J. exp. Biol. 37, 753–774 (1960b).
Rothballer, A.B.: Studies on the adrenaline-sensitive component of the reicular activating system. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol. 8, 603–621 (1956).
Rózsa, S.K.: Comparative physiological data on mediation of the central nervous system in molluscs. Acta physiol. Acta Sci. hung. XXV, 191–197 (1964).
— Rózsa, S.K.: Theory of stepwise excitation in gastropods hearts. In: F.V. McCann (Editor): Comparative physiology of the heart current trends, pp. 69–77. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag 1969.
— Rózsa, S.K. Graul, C.: Is serotonin responsible for the stimulative effect of the extracardial nerve in Helix pomatia? Ann. Biol. Tihany 31, 85–96 (1964).
— Rózsa, S.K., Graul, C., Zs.-Nagy, I.: Physiological and histochemical evidence for neuroendocrine regulation of heart activity in the snail Limnaea stagnalis L. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 23, 373–382 (1967).
— Rózsa, S.K., Graul, C., Zs.-Nagy, I. Perényi, L.: Chemical identification of the excitatory substance released in Helix heart during stimulation of the extracardial nerve. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 19, 105–113 (1966).
Rude, Sonia: Catecholamines in the ventral nerve cord of Lumbricus terrestris. Com. Biochem. Physiol. 28, 747–752 (1969).
— Rude, Sonia: Monamin containing neurones in the nerve cord and body wall of Lumbricus terrestris. J.comp. Neurol. 128, 397–412 (1966).
Rüegg, J.C.: Untersuchungen am normalen und am chronisch denervierten isolierten Iris-dilatator mit der Methode der Umströmung. Helv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 13, 309–318 (1955a).
— Rüegg, J.C.: Wirkungsverstärkung von Adrenalin und Noradrenalin durch Acetylcholin am isolierten Irisdilatator des Kaninchens. Experientia (Basel) 11, 447 (1955b).
— Rüegg, J.C. Hess, W.R.: Die Wirkung von Adrenalin, Noradrenalin und Acetylcholin auf die isolierten Irismuskeln. Helv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 11, 216–230 (1953).
Rybak, B., Hoffmeister, H., Ruska, H.: Etudes sur la physiologie ultrastructurale de l’oreillette du coeur branchnial de Myxine glutinosa. Life Sciences 4, 109–114 (1962).
Salánki, J.: The effect of serotonin and catecholamines on the nervous control of periodic activity in fresh-water mussel (Anodonta cygnea). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 8, 163–171 (1963).
Schaepdryver, A.F. de: Pharmacologie de la transmission sympatique périférique. Actualités pharmacologiques 15e Série, pp. 225–256. Paris: Masson & Cie. 1963.
Scharrer, E., Scharrer, B.: Hormones produced by neurosecretory cells. In: H.E. Him-wich and W.H. Himwich (Editors): Recent progress in hormone research, Vol. 10, pp. 183–240. New York: Academic Press 1954.
Scheline, R.R.: Adrenergic mechanisms in fish: chromatophore pigment concentration in the cuckoo wrasse, Labrus ossifagus L. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 9, 215–227 (1963).
— Schümann, H.J.: Über die Speicherung von Adrenalin und Noradrenalin in den chromaffinen Granula des Nebennierenmarks und den Einfluß des Reserpins und Insulins. Arch. exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 232, 284–285 (1957/1958).
Schümann, H.J.: Über die Freisetzung von Brenzcatechinaminen durch Tyramin. Arch. exp. Pathol.Pharmakol. 238, 41–43 (1960).
Schümann, H.J.: Speicherung und Freisetzung der Brenzkatechinamine. In: H. Nowakowski (Editor): Gewebs- und Neurohormone. Symposium München, 1961. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1962.
Scott, G.T., Clark, R.L., Hickman, J.C.: Mechanism of chromatophor control in the common sand flounder Scophthalamus aquosus. Biol. Bull. 123, 486–511 (1962).
ScRavin, L.N.: Die Veränderung der Tätigkeit der kontraktilen Vacuole von Paramaecium caudatum in Abhängigkeit von den Umweltsbedingungen. Vestn. Leningrad Univ. No. 3, Ser. Biol. H1, 77–95, mit engl. Zusammenfassung (russisch). Ref. Ber. wiss. Biol. 128, 165 (1959).
Sedden, C.B., Walker, R. J., Kerkut, G.A.: The localization of dopamine and 5-hydroxy-tryptamine in neurones of Helix aspersa. Symp. zool. Soc. Lond.: The Molluscs. Ed. by V. Fretter 1967.
Segura, E.T., Biscardi, A.M., Apelbaum, J.: Seasonal variations of brain epinephrine, norepinephrine and 5-Hydroxytryptamine associated with changes in the egg of the toad, Bufo arenarum Hensel. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 22, 843–850 (1967).
Shepherd, D.M., West, G.B.: Noradrenaline and the suprarenal medulla. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 6, 665–674 (1951).
— — Hydroxytyramine and the adrenal medulla. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 120, 15–19 (1953).
— — Erspamer, V.: Chromaffin bodies of various species of dogfish. Nature (Lond.) 172, 509 (1953).
Shimada, K., Kobayashi, S.: Neural control of pulmonary smooth muscle in the toad. Acta med. biol. (Niigata) 13, 297–303 (1966).
Shore, P.A., Cohn, V.H. jr., Highman, B., Maling, H.M.: Distribution of norepinephrine in the heart. Nature (Lond.) 181, 848–849 (1958).
Silver, M.: The output of adrenaline and noradrenaline from the adrenal medulla of the calf. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 152, 14–29 (1960).
Simpson, G. G.: The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. New York 85, 1–350 (1945).
Singer, M.: The sympathetics of the brachial region of the urodele, Triturus. J. comp. Neurol. 76, 119–144 (1942).
Singh, I., Singh, S.I., Malhotra, C.L., Sarma, T.J.: Release of 5-hydroxytryptamine on stimulation of nerves to frog’s stomach muscle and its significance. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 134, 131–147 (1961).
Sjöquist, F.: Pharmacological analysis of acetylcholinesterase-rich ganglion cells in the lumbo-sacral sympathetic system of the cat. Acta physiol. scand. (1962).
Skoog, T.: Ganglia in the communicating rami of the cervical sympathetic trunk. Lancet 253, 457–460 (1947).
Smalley, Katherine N.: Adrenergic transmission in the light organ of the firefly Photinus pyralis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 16, 467–477 (1965).
Smith, C. L.: Stability of amphibian monaminoxydase and the inhibitory action of semicar-bazide. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 1, 305–318 (1960).
Smith, D.: The organization and innervation of the luminiscent organ in a firefly Photuris pennsylvanica (Celeoptera), J. cell. Biol. 16, 323–359 (1963).
Snyder, S.H., Glowinski, J., Axelrod, J.: The storage of epinephrine and some of its derivatives in brain synaptosomes. Life Sciences 4, 797–807 (1965).
Sollman, T., Webb, W.: Pharmacological responses of Daphnia magna. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 71, 261–267 (1941).
Steen, J.B., Kruysse, A.: The respiratory function of the teleostean gills. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 12, 127–142 (1964).
Sterba, G.: Das Adrenal- und Interrenalsystem im Lebenslauf von Petromyzon planeri Bloch. I. Morphologie und Histologie einschließlich Histogenese. Zool. Anz. 155, 151–168 (1955).
Stevens, E. Don Randall, D.J.: Changes in blood pressure, heart rate and breathing rate during moderate swimming activity in rainbow trout. J. exp. Biol. 46, 329 (1967).
Stoppani, A.O.M.: Pharmacology of colour regulation in Amphibia and the importance of endocrine glands. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 76, 118–125 (1942).
— Pieroni, P.P., Murray, A.: Non-identity of intermedin and adrenocorticotrophic hor-mone. Nature (Lond.) 172, 547–548 (1953).
— — — The role of peripheral nervous system in colour changes in Bufo arenarum Hensel. J. exp. Biol. 31, 631–638 (1954).
Strömblad, B.C.R., Nickerson, M.: Accumulation of epinephrine and norepinephrine by some rat tissues. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 134, 154–159 (1961).
Sulman, F.G.: The effect of ACTH on the frog chromatophores. Acta Endocrinol. 10, 320–332 (1952a).
— Chromatophorotropic effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Nature (Lond.) 169, 588–589 (1952b).
Suomalainen, P.: The effect of adrenaline on the blood sugar content in Helix pomatia L. Ann. Zool. Soc. Zool.-Botan. Fennicae Vanamo 7, 1–3 (1939).
Suomalainen, P. Uuspää, V.: Adrenaline/Noradrenaline ratio in the adrenal glands of the hedgehob during summer activity and hybernation. Nature (Lond.) 182, 1500–1501 (1958).
Sweeney, C.D.: The synthesis of dopamine from dopa in the ganglia of Mercenaria mercenaria (Mollusca, Pelecypoda). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 30, 903–907 (1969).
Sweeney, C.D. Dopamine, its occurrence in molluscan ganglia. Science 159, 1051 (1963).
Sweeney, C.D. Histochemical and pharmacological indications that dopamine may be a neurohumor in molluscs. Amer. Zool. 5, Abstract 204 (1965).
Sweeney, C.D. The anatomical distribution of monamines in a fresh-water bivalve mollusc, Sphaerium sulcatum (L.). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 25, 601–613 (1968).
Tabor, H., Tabor, C.W., Rosenthal, S.M.: The biochemistry of polyamines: spermine and spermidine. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 30, 579–604 (1961).
Tamano, N., Kuriaki, K.: Applicability of the silkworm for pharmacological studies on the drug acting on the nervous system, antimitotics and insecticides. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 132, 49–59 (1961).
Tauc, L.: Potentiels postsynaptiques inhibiteurs obtenus dans les cellules nerveuses du ganglion abdominal de l’aplysie. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 242, 676–678 (1956).
Tauc, L. Gerschenfeld, H.M.: L’acétylcholine comme transmetteur possible de l’inhibition synaptique chez l’Aplysie. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 251, 3076–3078 (1960).
Ten Cate, J., Coomans, H.E., Walop, J.N.: L’influence de quelques substances pharma-cologiques sue les mouvements des cils vibratiles des tentacules de Metridium senile (L.). Arch. néerl. Zool. 11, 14–21 (1955).
Thoenen, H., Tranzer, J.P., Hürlimann, A., Haefely, W.: Untersuchungen zur Frage eines cholinergischen Gliedes in der postganglionären sympathischen Transmission. Helv. physiol. Pharmacol. Acta 24, 229–246 (1966).
Trautwein, W., Schmidt, R.F.: Zur Membranwirkung des Adrenalins an der Herzmuskel-faser. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 271, 715–726 (1960).
Triplett, E.L.: The development of the sympathetic ganglia, sheath cells, and meninges in amphibia. J. exp. Zool. 138, 283–308 (1958).
Turchini, J.: Recherches histochimiques sur les corps suprarénaux des sélaciens. Ann. Histochim. 1, 78–80 (1956).
Turner, W. J., Carl, A.: Effect of reserpine on the melanophores of fish. Science 121, 877–878 (1955).
Twarog, B.: The pharmacology of a molluscan smooth muscle. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 14, 404–407 (1959).
Umrath, K.: Über den Einfluß der adrenocorticotropen Hormone auf die Färbung und über die Auslösbarkeit des Hochzeitskleides bei einigen Fischen. Z. vergl. Physiol. 42, 181–191 (1959).
Umrath, K. Walcher, H.: Farbwechselversuche an Macropodus opercularis und ein Vergleich der Geschwindigkeit der Farbänderung bei Macropoden und Elsitzen. Z. vergl. Physiol. 33, 129–141 (1951).
Unger, H.: Untersuchungen zu neurohormonalen Steuerungen der Herztätigkeit bei Schaben (Periplaneta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, Phyllodromia germanica). Biol. Zbl. 76, 204–225 (1957).
Unger, H. Gersch, M., Fischer, F.: Die Isolierung eines Neurohormons aus dem Nervensystem von Periplaneta americana und einige biologische Testverfahren. Wiss. Z. Friedr. Schiller Univ. Jena Abt. Math. Nat. 6 (1957).
Uuspää, V. J.: The catecholamine content of the brain and heart of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) during hibernation and in active state. Ann. Med. exp. Fenn. 41, 340–348 (1963a).
Uuspää, V. J. The 5-hydroxytryptamine content of the brain and some other organs of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) during activity and hibernation. Experientia (Basel) 19, 156 (1963b).
Vane, J.R., Wolstenholme, G.E.W., O’Connor, M.: Adrenergic mechanisms. Ciba Foun-dation Symposium. London: J.A. Churchill Ltd. 1960.
Venzke, W.G.: The morphogenesis of the adrenal glands of chicken embryo. Amer. J. vet. Res. 14, 219–229 (1953).
Viehofer, A., Cohen, J.: The comparative physiological action of benzedrine (amphetamine) and derivatives on Daphnia magna. Amer. J. Pharm. 110, 526–532 (1938).
Vogt, Marthe: Norepinephrine and epinephrine in the central nervous system. Pharmacol. Rev. 6, 31–32 (1954a).
Vogt, Marthe The concentration of sympathin in different parts of the central nervous system under normal conditions and after the administration of drugs. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 123, 451–481 (1954b).
Vogt, Marthe: Sympathomimetic amines in the central nervous system. Normal distribution and changes produced by drugs. Brit. med. Bull. 13, 166–171 (1957).
Volle, R.L., Koelle, G.B.: The physiological role of acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) in sympathetic ganglia. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 133, 223–240 (1961).
Walker, R. J., Woodruff, G.N., Glaizner, B., Sedden, C.B., Kerkut, G.A.: The pharmacology of Helix dopamine receptor of specific neurones in the snail, Helix aspersa. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 24, 455–469 (1968).
Waud, D.R., Krayer, O.: The rate-increasing effect of epinephrine and norepinephrine and its modification by experimental time in the isolated heart of normal and reserpine-pre-treated dogs. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 128, 352–357 (1960).
Wegmann, A., Kako, K.: Particle-bound and free catecholamines in dog hearts and the uptake of injected norepinephrine. Nature (Lond.) 192, 978 (1961).
Weil-Malherbe, H., Bone, A.D.: Blood platlets as carriers of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Nature (Lond.) 174, 557–558 (1954).
Weil-Malherbe, H.: Intracellular distribution of catecholamines in the brain. Nature (Lond.) 180, 1050–1051 (1957).
Weil-Malherbe, H., Posner, H.S., Bowles, G.R.: Changes in the concentration and intracellular distribution of brain catecholamines: the effects of reserpine, β-phenylisopropylhydrazine, pyrogallol and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, alone and in combination. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 132, 278–286 (1961).
Whitby, L.G., Axelrod, J.: The blood-brain barrier for catecholamines. In: S.S. Kety and J. Elkes: Regional Neurochemistry, pp. 284–292. Oxford: Pergamon Press. 1961a.
Whitby, L.G.:The uptake of circulating (3H) norepinephorine by the pituitary gland and various areas of brain. J. Neurochem. 8, 55–64 (1961b).
Weisel, G. F.: The comparative effects of teleost and beef pituitary on chromatophores of cold-blooded vertebrates. Biol. Bull. Woods Hole 99, 487–496 (1950).
Welsh, J.H.: Chemical mediations in crustaceans. II. The action of acetylcholine and adrenaline on the isolated heart of Palinurus argus. Physiol. Zoll. 12, 231–237 (1939).
Welsh, J.H.: Excitation of the heart of Venus mercenaria. Arch. exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 219, 23–29
(1953).
Wense, Th.: Über den Nachweis von Adrenalin in Würmern und Insekten. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 241, 284–288 (1939).
Werle, E., Aures, D.: Über die Reinigung und Spezifität der Dopa Dekarboxylase. Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem. 316, 45–60 (1959).
West, B.: Noradrenaline and the adrenal glands of the domestic fowl. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2, 732–733 (1950).
West, G. B.: The nature of avian and amphibian sympathin. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 3, 400–408 (1951).
West, G. B.: The comparative pharmacology of the suprarenal medulla. Quart. Rev. Biol. 30, 116–137 (1955).
Wigglesworth, V.B.: The principles of insect physiology. London: Methmen & Co. 1953.
Wilber, C. G.: Pharmacological studies on the melanophores in Fundulus heteroclitus. Progr. Fish Culturist 22, 34–37 (1960).
Wimmers, J.: Über die jahreszeitlich bedingten Änderungen der Empfindlichkeit der Frosch-lunge gegenüber Acetylcholin. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 245, 189–197 (1941).
Witsche, E.: Embryogenesis of the adrenal and the reproductive glands. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 6, 1–27 (1951).
Witt, P.N.: Verschiedene Wirkung von Pervitin und Coffein auf den Netzbau der Spinne. Helv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 7, C65–C66 (1949).
Witt, P.N.: Ein biologischer Nachweis von Adrenochrom und seine mögliche Anwendung. Helv. physiol. parmacol. Acta 12, 327–337 (1954).
Witt, P.N., Brettschneider, L., Boris, A.P.: Sensitivity to D-amphetamine in spiders after ipro-niazid and imipramine. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 132, 183–192 (1961).
Witt, P.N., Heimann, H.: Prüfung der Wirkung einer einmaligen Gabe von Largactil am Menschen mit dem Durchstrecktest von Meili und an der Spinne beim Netzbauverhalten. Helv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 12, C98–C99 (1954).
Wood, A.E.: What, if anything is a rabbit? Evolution 11, 417–425 (1957).
Wood, M. J., Burnstock, G.: Innervation of the lungs of the toad (Bufo marinus). I.-Physiology and pharmacology. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 22, 755–766 (1967).
Woolley, P.: Colour change in a Chelonian. Nature (Lond.) 179, 1255–1256 (1957).
Wrete, M.: Die intermediären vegetativen Ganglien der Lumbairegion beim Menschen. Z.mikr.-anat. Forsch. 53, 122–141 (1943).
Wrete, M.: Ganglia of rami communicates in man and mammals particularly monkey. Acta anat. (Basel) 13, 329–336 (1951).
Wright, A., Chester-Jones, I.: Chromaffine tissue in the lizard adrenal gland. Nature (Lond.) 175, 1001–1002 (1955).
Wright, A., Phillips, J.G.: The histology of the adrenal gland of the Prototheria. J. Endocr. 15, 100–107 (1957).
Wright, R.M., Lerner, A.B.: On the movement of pigment granules in frog melanocytes. Endocrinology 66, 599–609 (1960).
Wunder, W.: Experimentelle Erzeugung des Hochzeitskleides beim Bitterling (Rhodeus amarus) durch Einspritzung von Hormonen. Z. vergl. Physiol. 13, 696–708 (1931).
Wyman, L., Lutz, B.R.: The action of adrenaline and certain drugs on the isolated holothurian cloaca. J. exp. Zool. 57, 441–453 (1930).
Zeller, E.A.: Monaminoxydase. In: J. de Ajuriaguerra (Editeur): Monamines et système nerveux central, pp. 31–37. Paris: Masson & Cie. 1962.
Zeller, E.A., Birkhäuser, H., Mislin, H., Wenk, M.: Über das Vorkommen der Diaminoxydase bei Mensch, Säugetier und Vogel. Mit einem Anhang über das Vorkommen der Cholinesterase beim Vogel. 5. Mitteilung über den enzymatischen Abbau von Polyaminen. Helv. chim. Acta 22, 1381–1395 (1939).
Zimmermann, S.B., Dalton, H.C.: Physiological responses of amphibian melanophores. Physiol. Zool. 34, 21–33 (1961).
Zingoni, U.: Apparecchio di perfusione per cuore embrionale di polio. Arch. Fisiol. 56, 221–225 (1956a).
Zingoni, U.: L’effetto dell’acetilcolina e dell’adrenalina sull’inotropismo, sul cronotropismo e sul tono del cuore di embrioni di polio privo di elementi nervosi. Arch. Fisiol. 56, 226–236 (1956b).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1971 Springer-Verlag / Berlin · Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fischer, H. (1971). Noradrenalin- und Adrenalinkreis (Dopamin). In: Vergleichende Pharmakologie von Überträgersubstanzen in tiersystematischer Darstellung. Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie / Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 26. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65048-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65048-2_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-65049-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-65048-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive