Abstract
Even though the surface of a crystal may appear very smooth at the first glance, the experimental evidence shows that it is heterogeneous at a microscopic scale, i.e., when observed with an electron microscope. It exhibits steps with various heights separating domains made of atomic planes in which point defects such as adatoms, advacancies and kinks can be detected. This is the so called TLK (Terrace, Ledge, Kink) model (Fig. 3.1). However, at the atomic scale, the surface of a crystal is well organized. Most atoms are found in ordered rows characterized by well defined interatomic distances. These domains extend over some tens of atomic rows, this size depending, obviously, on the preparation of the sample.
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Desjonquères, MC., Spanjaard, D. (1996). Atomic Structure of Surfaces. In: Concepts in Surface Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61400-2_3
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