Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Tumors of the Gastroenteropancreatic Axis

  • Conference paper
Sandostatin® in the Treatment of Gastroenteropancreatic Endocrine Tumors

  • 40 Accesses

Abstract

VIPomas (VIP: vasoactive intestinal peptide), gastrinomas, glucagonomas, insulinomas and GRFomas (GRF: growth hormone releasing factor) comprise the tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) system. Patients with mixed pancreatic endocrine tumors usually present with symptoms characteristic of only one peptide, for example, hypoglycemia due to insulinoma. Although controversy exists over the exact site of origin of GEP endocrine cells and the etiology of the tumors, the APUD (amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation) cell concept of Pearse [99] provides a framework for understanding how endocrine tumor cells might produce multiple peptides [91]. In cases of ‘non-functional’ endocrine tumors, peptides with less well-defined pathophysiologic functions (e.g. pancreatic polypeptide) may be secreted.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Amiranaff B, Laburthe M, Rosselin G: Characterization of specific binding sites for vasoactive intestinal peptide in rat intestinal epithelial cell membrane. Biochem Biophys Acta 627:215–224, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  2. Anderson JV, Bloom SR: Neuroendocrine tumors of the gut: Long-term therapy with the somatostatin analogue SMS 201–995. Scand J Gastroenterol 21:115–128, 1986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Barbezat GO, Grossman M: Intestinal secretion: stimulation by peptides. Science 1874:422–424, 1971

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Basso N, Lezche E, Materia A, et al.: Studies with bombesin in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Br J Surg 68:97–100, 1981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Berger G, Trouillas J, Bloch B, et al.: Multihormonal carcinoid tumor of the pancreas, secreting growth hormone-releasing factor as a cause of acromegaly. Cancer 54:2097–2108, 1984

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Binder HJ: Fecal fatty acids — mediators of diarrhea? Gastroenterology 65:847–850, 1973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bloom SR: VIP and watery diarrhea. VI. In: Bloom SR (ed) Gut hormones. Churchill-Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 583–588, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bloom SR, Polak JM: VIP measurement in distinguishing Verner-Morrison syndrome and pseudo-Verner-Morrison syndrome. Clin Endocrinol 55:223s-228s, 1976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bloom SR, Polak JM: Vipomas. In: Said SI (ed) Vasoactive intestinal peptides. Raven Press, New York, p 457, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bloom SR, Polak JM, Pearse AGE: Vasoactive intestinal peptide and watery-diarrhea syndrome. Lancet 2:14–16, 1973

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bloom SR, Long RG, Bryant MG, Mitchell SJ, Polak JM: Clinical, biochemical and pathological studies on 62 VIPomas. Gastroenterology 78:1143, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  12. Bonfils S, Ruszniewski P, Costil V, Laucournet H, Vatier J, Rene E, Mignon M: Prolonged treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome by long-acting somatostatin. Lancet March: 554–555, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  13. Broder LE, Carter SK: Pancreatic islet cell carcinoma. II. Results of streptozotocin treatment in 52 patients. Ann Intern Med 79:108–114, 1973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Broughtan TA, Leslie JD, Soto JM, Hermann RE: Pancreatic islet cell tumors. Surgery 90:671–678, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  15. Browning JG, Hardcastle J, Hardcastle PT, Sanford PA: The role of acetylcholine in the regulation of ion transport by rat colon mucosa. J Physiol 272:737–754, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Buchanan KD, Johnston CF, O’Hare M, Ardili J, Shaw C, Collins J, Watson R, Atkinson A, Hadden DR, Kennedy TL, Sloan JM: Neuroendocrine tumors: A European view. Am J Med 81:14–27, 1986

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Caplan RH, Kobb L, Abellera RM, et al.: Cure of acromegaly by operative removal of an islet cell tumor of the pancreas. Am J Med 65:874–882, 1978

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Carter RF, Bitar KN, Zfass AM, Makhlouf GM: Inhibition of VIP-stimulated intestinal secretion and cyclic AMP production by somatostatin in the rat. Gastroenterology 73:726–730, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  19. Charney AN, Donowitz M: Prevention and reversal of cholera enterotoxin-induced intestinal secretion by methylprednisolone induction of Na+-K+-ATPase. J Clin Invest 57:1590–1599, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Creutzfeldt W, Arnold R, Creutzfeldt C, Track NS: Pathomorphological, biochemical, and diagnostic aspects of gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). Hum Pathol 6:47–76, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Damgaard-Petersen K, Stage JG: CT scanning in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and carcinoid syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol 14:117–122, 1979

    Google Scholar 

  22. Debongnie JC, Phillips SF: Capacity of the human colon to absorb fluid. Gastroenterology 74:698–703, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Deveney CW, Deveney KS, Jaffe BM, et al.: Use of calcium and secretin in the diagnosis of gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). Ann Intern Med 87:680–686, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Dharmsathaphorn K, Binder JJ, Dobbins JW: Somatostatin stimulates sodium and chloride absorption in the rabbit ileum. Gastroenterology 78:1559–1565, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Dharmsathaphorn K, Sherwin RS, Dobbins JW: Somatostatin inhibits fluid secretion in the rat jejunum. Gastroenterology 78:1554–1558, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Domschke S, Domschke W, Bloom SR, et al.: Vasoactive intestinal peptide in man: Pharmacokinetics, metabolic and circulatory effects. Gut 19:1409–1453, 1978

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Donowitz M, Elta G, Bloom SR, et al.: Trifluoroperazine reversal of secretory diarrhea in pancreatic cholera. Ann Intern Med 93:284–285, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Dunne MJ, Elton R, Fletcher T, Hofker P, Shui J: Sandostatin and gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors. Therapeutic characteristics. (This volume) 1989

    Google Scholar 

  29. Dunnick NR, Doppman JL, Mills SR, McCarthy DM: Computed tomograph detection of non-beta pancreatic islet cell tumors. Radiology 135:117–120, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ebeid AM, Murray PD, Fische JE: Vasoactive intestinal peptide and the watery diarrhea syndrome. Ann Surg 187:411–416, 1978

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Ellison EH, Wilson SD: The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: Reappraisal and evaluation of 260 registered cases. Ann Surg 160:512–528, 1964

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ellison EC, O’Dorisio TM, Woltering EA, Sparks J, Mekhjian HS, Fromkes JJ, Carey LC: Suppression of gastrin and gastric acid secretion in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome by long-acting somatostatin (SMS 201–995). Scand J Gastroenterol 21:206–211, 1986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Erspamer V, Melchiorri P: Active polypeptides of the amphibian skin and their synthetic analogue. Pure Appl Chem 35:463–494, 1973

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Foster ES, Sandle GI, Hayslett JP, Binder HJ: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate stimulates active potassium secretion in the rat colon. Gastroenterology 84:324–330, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Gaginella TS, Bauman JH: Ranitidine hydrochloride. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 17:873–885, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Gaginella TS, O’Dorisio TM: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. In: Binder HJ (ed) Neuromodulator of intestinal secretion on mechanisms of intestinal secretion. Liss, New York, pp 231–247, 1979

    Google Scholar 

  37. Gaginella TS, O’Dorisio TM: Octreotide: Entering the new era of peptidomimetic therapy. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 22:154–155, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Gaginella TS, Mekhjian HS, O’Dorisio TM: Vasoactive intestinal peptide: Quantification by radioimmunoassay in isolated cells, mucosa, and muscle of the hamster intestine. Gastroenterology 74:718–721, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Gaginella TS, O’Dorisio TM, Hubel KH: Release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide by electrical field stimulation of rabbit ileum. Regul Pept 2:165–174, 1981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Gaginella TS, Hubel KA, O’Dorisio TM: Effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on intestinal chloride secretion. Ibid ref. 9, pp 211–221, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  41. Gaginella TS, Hubel KA, O’Dorisio TM: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and intestinal chloride secretion. In: Said I (ed) Vasoactive intestinal peptide. Raven Press, New York, pp 211–222, 1982 (Advances in peptide hormone research series; vol 1)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Gardner JD, McCarthy DM: VIP and watery diarrhea I — arguments against VIP being the cause of the watery diarrhea syndrome. In: Bloom SR (ed) Gut hormones. Churchill-Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 570–573, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  43. Giachetti H, Said SI, Reynolds RC, et al.: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in brain: Localization in, and release from isolated nerve terminals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:3424–3428, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Go VLW, Korinek JK: Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in man: Pharmacokinetics, metabolic and circulatory effects. Gut 19:1409–1453, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  45. Go VLW, Polez JR, Hofmann AF, et al.: Disturbances in fat digestion induced by acidic jejunal pH due to gastric hypersecretion in man. Gastroenterology 58:638–646, 1970

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Gold RP, Black TJ, Rotterdan H, Casarella WJ: Radiologic and pathologic characteristics of the WDHA syndrome. Am J Roentgenol 127:397–401, 1976

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Gregory RA, Tracy HJ, French JM, Sircus W: Extraction of a gastrin-like substance from a pancreatic tumor in a case of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Lancet 1:1045–1048, 1960

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Gregory RA, Grossman MI, Tracy HJ, Bentley PH: Nature of the gastric secretagogue in Zollinger-Ellison tumors. Lancet 2:543–544, 1967

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Higgins GA, Recont L, Fischman AB: The glucagonoma syndrome: Surgically curable diabetes. Am J Surg 137:145–148, 1979

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Holm-Bentzen M, Schultz A, Fahrenkrug J, et al.: Effects of VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) on gastric acid secretion in man. Hepatogastroenterology 27:126, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  51. Holst JJ: Glucagon-producing tumors. In: Cohen S, Soloway RD (eds) Contemporary issues in gastroenterology. Churchill-Livingstone, New York, pp 57–84, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  52. Isaacs PET, Corbett CL, Riley AK, Hawker PC, Turnberg LA: In vitro behavior of human intestinal mucosa. The influence of acetylcholine on ion transport. J Clin Invest 58:535–542, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Isenberg JI, Walsh JH, Grossman MI: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Gastroenterology 65:140–165, 1973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Jaffe BM, Kapen DF, DeSchryver-Kecskemeti K, et al.: Indomethacin-responsive pancreatic cholera. N Engl J Med 297:817–821, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Jansen-Goemont A, Engelhault J: Intractable diarrhea in a boy with vasoactive intestinal peptide-producing ganglioneuroblastoma. Pediatrics 59:710–716, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  56. Jensen RT, et al.: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: Current concepts and management. Ann Intern Med 98:59–75, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Johnson LR: New aspects of the trophic action of gastrointestinal hormones. Gastroenterology 772:788–792, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  58. Kahn CR, Levy AG, Gardner JD, et al.: Pancreatic Cholera: Beneficial effects of treatment with streptozotocin. N Engl J Med 292:941–945, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Kahn D, Bhatena SJ, Recaset L, Rivier J: Use of somatostatin analogs in a patient with glucagonoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 53:543–560, 1981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Kane MG, O’Dorisio TM, Krejs GJ: Production of secretory diarrhea by intravenous infusion of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. N Engl J Med 390:1482–1485, 1983

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Katz MD, Erstad BL, Rose C: Treatment of severe cryptosporidium-related diarrhea with octreotide in a patient with AIDS. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 22:134–136, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Knandekor JD, Oyer D, Miller HJ, et al.: Neurologic involvement in glucagonoma syndrome. Response to combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and streptozotocin. Cancer 44:2014–2016, 1979

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Kraft AR, Tompkins RK, Zollinger R: Recognition and management of the diarrheal syndrome caused by non-beta cell tumors of the pancreas. Am J Surg 119:163–170, 1970

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Krejs GJ, Barkley RM, Read NW, Fordtran JS: Intestinal secretion induced by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. A comparison with cholera toxin in the canine jejunum in vivo. J Clin Invest 61:1337–1345, 1978

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Lamers CBH, Van Tongeren JHM: Comparative study of the value of calcium, secretin, and meal stimulated increase in serum gastrin to the diagnosis of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Gut 18:128–135, 1979

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Larsson LI: Localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide: A critical appraisal. In: Said SE (ed) Vasoactive intestinal peptide. Raven Press, New York, pp 51–63, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  67. Lennon JR, Sircus W, Bloom SR, et al.: Investigation and treatment of a recurrent VIPoma. Gut 16:821–822, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Levitan R, Ingelfinger FJ: Effect of d-aldosterone on salt and water absorption from the intact human colon. J Clin Invest 44:801–808, 1965

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Long RG, Bryant MG, Mitchell SJ, et al.: Clinicopathological study of pancreatic and ganglioneuroblastoma tumors secreting vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (Vipomas). Br Med J 282:1767–1771, 1981

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Longnecker SM: Somatostatin and octreotide: Literature review and description of therapeutic activity in pancreatic neoplasia. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 22:99–106, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Longnecker SM: Remission of symptoms of chemotherapy-refractory metastatic insulinoma using octreotide. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 22:136–138, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Mailman D: Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on intestinal absorption and blood flow. J Physiol 279:121–132, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Malarkey WB: The pituitary and hypothalamus. In: Mazzaferri EL (ed) Textbook of endocrinology, 3rd edn. Medical Examination Publishing, New York, pp 25–88, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  74. Marks IN, Bank S, Louw JH: Islet cell tumor of the pancreas with reversible watery diarrhea and achlorhydria. Gastroenterology 52:695–708, 1967

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Marynick SP, Fagadau WR, Duncan LA: Malignant glucagonoma syndrome: Response to chemotherapy. Ann Intern Med 93:453–454, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Maton PN, O’Dorisio TM, Howe BA, McArthur KE, Howard JM, Cherner JA, Malarkey TB, Collen MJ, Gardner JD, Jensen RT: Effect of long-acting somatostatin analogue (SMS 201–995) in a patient with pancreatic cholera. Med Intell 312:17–21, 1985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. McCarthy DM, Jensen RT: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome — current issues. In: Cohen S, Soloway RD (eds) Contemporary issues in gastroenterology, vol 5. Churchill-Livingstone, New York, pp 25–55, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  78. McFadden D, Jaffe BM: Surgical approaches to endocrine-producing tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Cohen S, Soloway RD (eds) Contemporary issues in gastroenterology. Churchill-Livingstone, New York, pp 139–157, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  79. McGavran MH, Unger RH, Recant L, et al.: A glucagon-secreting alpha-cell carcinoma of the pancreas. N Engl J Med 274:1408–1413, 1966

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. McGuigan JE: Gastrin mucosal intracellular localization of gastrin by immunofluorescence. Gastroenterology 55:315–327, 1969

    Google Scholar 

  81. McGuigan JE, Trudeau WL: Immunological measurement of elevated levels of gastrin in the serum of patients with pancreatic tumors of the Zollinger-Ellison variety. N Engl J Med 278:1308–1313, 1968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. McGuigan JE, Trudeau WL: Serum gastrin concentrations in pernicious anemia. N Engl J Med 282:358–361, 1970

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. McGuigan JE, Wolfe MM: Secretin injection test in the diagnosis of gastrinoma. Gastroenterology 79:1324–1331, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Mitchell CH, Sinatra FR, Crest FW, Griffin R, Sunshine P: Intractable watery diarrhea, ganglioneuroblastoma, and vasoactive intestinal peptide. J Pediatr 89:593–595, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Modlin IM, Bloom SR, Mitchell SJ: Experimental evidence for vasoactive intestinal peptide as the cause of the watery diarrhea syndrome. Gastroenterology 75:1051–1054, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Moss AA: Computed axial tomographic scanning. In: Siesinger MH, Fordtran JS (eds) Gastrointestinal disease. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, 3rd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 1707–1726, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  87. Murray JS, Paton RR, Pope CE II: Pancreatic tumor associated with flushing and diarrhea. Report of a case. N Engl J Med 264:436–439, 1961

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. O’Dorisio TM: Pathophysiology of VIP. II. In: Bloom SR (ed) Gut hormones. Churchill-Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 484–487, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  89. O’Dorisio TM: VIP and watery diarrhea. In: Bloom SR (ed) Gut hormones. Churchill-Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 581–585, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  90. O’Dorisio TM, Mekhjian HS: VIPoma syndrome. In: Cohen S, Soloway RD (eds) Contemporary issues in gastroenterology. Churchill-Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 101–116, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  91. O’Dorsio TM, O’Dorisio MS: Endocrine tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) axis. In: Mazzaferri E (ed) Endocrinology. Medical Examination Publishing, New York, pp 76–81, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  92. O’Dorisio TM, Vinik AI: Pancreatic polypeptide and mixed hormone producing tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Cohen S, Soloway RD (eds) Contemporary issues in gastroenterology. Churchill-Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 117–128, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  93. O’Dorisio TM, Woltering EA, Ellison EC, et al.: Suppression of vasoactive intestinal peptide release from a dispersed islet cell tumor by hydrocortisone. Regul Pept 66:319, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  94. O’Dorisio TM, Gaginella TS, Mekhjian HS, Rao B, O’Dorisio MS: Somatostatin and analogs in the treatment of VIPomas. Proc NY Acad Sci 527:528–535, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Osei K, O’Dorisio TM: Malignant insulinoma: Effects of somatostatin analog (Compound 201–995) on serum glucose, growth, and gastro-entero-pancreatic hormones. Ann Intern Med 103:223–225, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Pais SD: Angiographic demonstration of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-secreting pheochromocytoma in a patient with WDHA syndrome. Am J Roentgenol 130:172–174, 1978

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Pandol SJ, Korman LY, McCarthy OM, Gardner JD: Beneficial effect of oral lithium carbonate in the treatment of pancreatic cholera syndrome. N Engl J Med 302:1403–1404, 1980

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Pearse AGE: Common cytochemical properties of cells producing polypeptide-hormone secretion, with particular reference to calcitonin and the thyroid C-cells. Vet Ree 79:587–590, 1966

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Pearse AGE: The APUD concept and hormone production. In: Abe K (ed) Clinics in endocrinology. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 211–222, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  100. Penderson R, O’Dorisio T, Howe B, et al.: Vagal release of IR-VIP and IR-gastrin from the isolated perfused rat stomach. Mol Cell Endocrinol 23:225–231, 1981

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Phillips SF, Gaginella TS: Intestinal secretion as a mechanism in diarrheal disease. In: Jerzy GB (ed) Progress in gastroenterology, vol 3. Grune&Stratton, New York, pp 481–504, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  102. Porter JP, Ganong WF: Relation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide to renin secretion. In: Said SI (ed) Vasoactive intestinal peptide. Raven Press, New York, pp 285–297, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  103. Priest WM, Alexander MK: Islet-cell tumor of the pancreas with peptic ulceration, diarrhea and hypokalemia. Lancet 2:1145–1147, 1957

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Racusen LC, Binder HJ: Alteration of large intestinal electrolyte transport by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the rat. Gastroenterology 73:790–796, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Rambaud JC, Modigliani R, Matuchansky C, Bloom S, Said SI, Pessayre D, Bernier JJ: Pancreatic cholera. Gastroenterology 69:110–122, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Rao MB, O’Dorisio TM, George JM, Gaginella TS: Angiotensin II and norepinephrine antagonize the effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on rat ileum and colon. Peptides 5:291–294, 1984

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Read NW, Krejs G, Read MG, et al.: Chronic diarrhea of unknown origin. Gastroenterology 78:264–271, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Read NW, Read MG, Krejs GJ, et al.: A report of five patients with large volume secretory diarrhea but no evidence of endocrine tumor or laxative abuse. Dig Dis Sci 78:264–271, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  109. Regan PT, Malagelada JR: A reappraisal of clinical, roentgenographic, and endoscopic features of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc 53:19–23, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Richter G, Stockmann F, Lembcke B, Conlon JM, Creutzfeldt W: Short-term administration of the somatostatin analogue SMS 201–995 in patients with carcinoid tumors. Scand J Gastroenterol 21:193–198, 1986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. Ruppert RD, Greenberger NJ, Beman FM: Gastric secretion in ulcerogenic tumors of the pancreas. Ann Intern Med 67:808–815, 1967

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Said SI: Evidence for secretion of vasoactive intestinal peptide by tumors of pancreas, adrenal medulla, thyroid and lung: Support for the unifying APUD concept. Clin Endocrinol 5:201s–204s, 1976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. Said SI, Faloona GR: Elevated plasma and tissue levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in a watery-diarrhea syndrome due to pancreatic, bronchogenic and other tumors. N Engl J Med 293:155–160, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Said SI, Mutt V: Isolation from porcine intestinal wall of a vasoactive octacosapeptide related to secretin and to glucagon. Eur J Biochem 29:199–204, 1972

    Article  Google Scholar 

  115. Santangelo WC, O’Dorisio TM, Kim JG, Severino G, Krejs GJ: Pancreatic cholera syndrome: effect of a synthetic somatostatin analog on intestinal water and ion transport. Ann Intern Med 103:363–367, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Santangelo WC, O’Dorisio TM, Kim JG, Severino G, Krejs G: VIPoma syndrome: effect of a synthetic somatostatin analogue. Scand J Gastroenterol 21:187–190, 1986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. Schaffalitzky de Muckadell OB, Fahrenkrug J, Holst JJ: Release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) by electric stimulation of the vagal nerves. Gastroenterology 72:373–375, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Schwartz CJ, Kimberg DV, Sheerin HE, Field M, Said SI: Vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulation of adenylate cyclase and active electrolyte secretion in intestinal mucosa. J Clin Invest 54:536–544, 1974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Shawker TH, Doppman JL, Dunnick NR, et al.: Ultrasonic investigation of pancreatic islet cell tumors. J Ultrasound Med 1:193, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Snisky CA, Wolfe MM, Martin IL, et al.: Myoelectric effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on rabbit small intestine. Am J Physiol 244:G46–G51, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  121. Solcia E, Capeila C, Buffa R, et al.: Histology, histochemistry and ultrastructure of diarrheogenic VIP-secreting tumors (Vipomas). In: Said SI (ed) Vasoactive intestinal peptide. Raven Press, New York, pp 495–602, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  122. Sweet RD: A dermatosis specifically associated with a tumor of pancreatic alpha cells. Br J Dermatol 19:301–308, 1974

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. Swift PGF, Bloom SR, Harris F: Watery diarrhea and ganglioneuroma with secretion of vasoactive intestinal peptide. Arch Dis Child 50:896–899, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Taylor AR, Chulajata D, Jones DH, Withwam JG: Adrenal tumor secreting vasoactive intestinal peptide and noradrenaline. Anesthesia 32:1012–1016, 1977

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Thompson JC, Reeder DD, Villar HV, Fender HR: Natural history and experience with diagnosis and treatment of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Surg Gynecol Obstet 140:721–739, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Thorner MO, Perryman RL, Chonin MJ, et al.: Somatotrophic hyperplasia. Successful treatment of acromegaly by removal of a pancreatic islet tumor secreting a growth hormone-releasing factor. J Clin Invest 70:965–977, 1982

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Unger RH, Orci L: Glucagon and the A cell. Physiology and pathophysiology. N Engl J Med 304:1518–1524, 1981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Verner JV, Morrison AB: Islet cell tumor and a syndrome of refractory watery diarrhea and hypokalemia. Am J Med 25:374–380, 1958

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Verner JV, Morrison AB: Endocrine pancreatic islet disease with diarrhea: Report of a case due to diffuse hyperplasia of non beta islet tissue with a review of 54 additional cases. Arch Intern Med 133:492–500, 1974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Villar HV, Johnson DG, Lynch PJ, et al.: Pattern of immunoreactive glucagon in portal, arterial and peripheral plasma before and after removal of glucagonoma. Am J Surg 141141:148-152, 1981

    Article  Google Scholar 

  131. Vinik AI, Strodel WE, Lloyd RV, Thompson HW: Unusual gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) tumors and their hormones. In: Thompson NW, Vinik AI (eds) Endocrine surgery update. Grune & Stratton, New York, pp 293–320, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  132. Vinik AI, Strodel WE, O’Dorisio TM: Endocrine tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic axis. In: Santera A (ed) Endocrine related tumors. Martinus-Nijhoff, Amsterdam, pp 305–345, 1984

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  133. Waldman DB, Gardner JD, Zfass AM, Makhlouf GM: Effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on rat colonic transport and adenylate cyclase activity. Gastroenterology 73:518–523, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Walsh JH: Gastrin. In: Bloom SR, Polak JM (eds) Gut hormones. Churchill-Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 163–170, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  135. Walsh JH, Grossman MI: Gastrin. N Engl J Med 292:1324–1334, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Walsh JH, Richardson CT, Fordtran JS: pH dependence of acid secretion and gastrin release in normal and ulcer subjects. J Clin Invest 55:462–468, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Walsh JH, Isenberg JI, Ansfield J, et al.: Clearance and acid-stimulating action of human big and little gastrins in duodenal ulcer subjects. J Clin Invest 57:1125–1131, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Wesley RR, Vinik AI, O’Dorisio TM, et al.: A new syndrome of symptomatic cutaneous mastocytoma producing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Gastroenterology 82:963–967, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Wilkinson DS: Necrolytic migratory erythemia with carcinoma of the pancreas. Trans St Johns Hosp Dermatol Soc 59:244–247, 1973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Wilson SD, Mathison JA, Schulte WJ, et al.: The role of bioassay in the diagnosis of ulcerogenic tumors. Arch Surg 97:437–441, 1968

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Wu ZC, O’Dorisio TM, Cataland S, et al.: Effects of pancreatic polypeptide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on rat ileal and colonic water and electrolyte transport in vivo. Dig Dis Sci 24:625–630, 1979

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Yalow RS, Berson SA: Radioimmunoassay of gastrin. Gastroenterology 58:1–14, 1970

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Zollinger RM, Ellison EH: Primary peptic ulcerations of the jejunum associated with islet cell tumors of the pancreas. Ann Surg 142:109–123, 1955

    Article  Google Scholar 

  144. Zollinger RM, Ellison EL, O’Dorisio TM, Sparks J: Thirty years experience with gastrinoma. World J Surg 8:552–560, 1984

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    T. S. Gaginella, T. M. O’Dorisio, H. S. Mekhjian, M. S. O’Dorisio & E. A. Woltering

Authors
  1. T. S. Gaginella
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. M. O’Dorisio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. H. S. Mekhjian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. S. O’Dorisio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. E. A. Woltering
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, The Ohio State University, 410 West 10th Street, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA

    T. M. O’Dorisio M. D.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Gaginella, T.S., O’Dorisio, T.M., Mekhjian, H.S., O’Dorisio, M.S., Woltering, E.A. (1989). Tumors of the Gastroenteropancreatic Axis. In: O’Dorisio, T.M. (eds) Sandostatin® in the Treatment of Gastroenteropancreatic Endocrine Tumors. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61328-9_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61328-9_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64794-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-61328-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation