Abstract
The chemical composition of the troposphere (0 to ~8 km above msl) in the Arctic is distinctly different than it is in the Antarctic. As pointed out in previous reviews (Barrie, 1986; Barrie et al, 1992; Barrie, 1993; Barrie, 1995), the Arctic is surrounded by populated continents from which pollution is released to the atmosphere and is transported readily to the north. In contrast, the Antarctic region is entirely surrounded by the southern Pacific ocean and is remote from human activities. Thus, it comes as no surprise that the tropospheric concentration of many anthropogenic aerosols and gases is much higher in the Arctic than in the Antarctic. What may be less obvious is that atmospheric trace constitutents of natural origin are found to have a different chemical climatology in the Arctic than in the Antarctic. Substances derived from sea spray, wind blown dust, marine biogenic activity and volcanoes generally have different seasonal variations and concentrations in the Arctic compared to the Antarctic.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
REFERENCES
Barrie, L.A. and R.M. Hoff, 1984, The oxidation rate and residence time of sulphur dioxide in the Arctic atmosphere, Atmos. Envir., 18, 1995–2010.
Barrie, L.A. and R.M. Hoff, 1985, Five years of air chemistry observations in the Canadian Arctic, Atmos. Envir. 18, 1459–1469.
Barrie, LA., 1985, Atmospheric particles: their physical/chemical characteristics and deposition processes relevant to the chemical composition of glaciers, Ann. Glaciog. 7, 100–108.
Barrie, L.A., 1986, Arctic air pollution: an overview of current knowledge, Atmos. Environ., 20, 643–663.
Barrie, LA., J.W. Bottenheim, R.C. Schnell, P.J. Crutzen and RA. Rasmussen, 1988, Ozone destruction and photochemical reactions at polar in the lower Arctic atmosphere, Nature, 334, 138–141.
Barrie, LA. and M.L Barrie, 1990, Chemical components of lower tropospheric aerosols in the high Arctic: Six years of observations, J. Atmos. Chem., 11, 211–226.
Barrie, LA., J.W. Bottenheim, R.C. Schnell, P.J. Crutzen and RA. Rasmussen, 1988, Ozone destruction and photochemical reactions at polar in the lower Arctic atmosphere, Nature, 334,138–141.
Barrie L.A. and J.W. Bottenheim, 1991, Sulphur and nitrogen pollution in the Arctic atmosphere, Chapt.6, 155–184, in Ed. W. Sturges, Pollution of the Arctic Atmosphere, Elsevier Press, pp334.
Barrie, L.A., 1991, Snow formation and processes in the atmosphere that influence its chemical composition, NATO ASI Series, Vol. G28, Seasonal Snowpacks, Ed. T. Davies. et al., 1–20.
Barrie, LA, D. Gregor, B. Hargrave, R. Lake, D. Muir, R. Shearer, B.Tracey and T. Bidleman, 1992, Arctic contaminants: sources, occurrence and pathways, Sci. of the Total Envir., 122, 1–74.
Barrie, L.A., 1993, Features of polar regions relevant to tropospheric ozone chemistry, in the Tropospheric Chemistry of Ozone in the Polar Regions, eds. H. Niki and K.H. Becker, Springer Verlag, 3–24.
Barrie, L.A., S.M. Li, D.L. Toom, S. Landsberger and W. Sturges, 1994a, Lower tropospheric measurements of halogens, nitrates and sulphur oxides by denuder and filter systems during Polar Sunrise Experiment 1992, J. Geophys. Res. D., 99,25453–25469.
Barrie, L.A., R. Staebler, D. Toom, B. Georgi, G. den Hartog, S. Landsberger, D.Wu, 1994b, Arctic aerosol size-segregated chemical observations in relation to ozone depletion during Polar Sunrise Experiment 1992, J. Geophys. Res. D., 99, 25439–25453.
Barrie L.A., 1995, Arctic aerosols: composition sources and transport, NATO Advanced Studies Workshop on Ice Core Studies of Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Ed. R.Delmas, NATO ASI Series 1: Global Environmental Change, 30, 1–23, Springer Verlag, Berlin, New York.
Barrie L.A. and A. Sirois, 1995, Arctic aerosols trends at Alert Canada: 1980 to 1993, Atmos. Envir., submitted.
Bidleman, T.F., L.M. Jantunen, R.L. Falconer, L.A. Barrie and P. Fellin, 1995, Decline of hexachlorocyclohexane in the arctic atmosphere and reversal of air-sea gas exchange, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 219–222.
Blanchet J. P. and Girard E., 1995, Water vapour feedback in the formation of continental Arctic air: its implications for climate, Sci. Tot. Environ., 160/161, 793–802.
Bodhaine, B.A. and E.G. Dutton, 1993, Long-term decrease in Arctic haze at Barrow Alaska. Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 947–950.
Bottenheim, J.W., L.A. Barrie, E. Atlas, LE. Heidt, H. Niki, R.A. Rasmussen and P.B. Shepson, 1990, Depletion of lower tropospheric ozone during Arctic Spring: The polar sunrise experiment 1988, J. Geophys. Res., 9, 101.
Bottenheim J.W., L.A. Barrie and E. Atlas, 1993, The partitioning of nitrogen oxides in the lower Arctic troposphere during spring 1988, J. Atmos. Chem.,17, 15–27.
Bottenheim J.W., L.A. Barrie and A. Sirios, 1994, Analysis of seven years of continuous observations of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) at the high Arctic station Alert, paper #225, Joint meeting on global atmospheric chemistry, CACGP/IGAC, Fuji-Yoshida, 5–9 Sept 1994.
Boutron, C.F., U. Görlach, J.P. Candelone, M.A. Bolshov and R.J. Delmas, 1991, Decrease in anthropogenic lead, cadmium and zinc in Greenland snows since the late 1960’s, Nature, 353, 153–157.
Bradley, R.S., FT. Keimig and H.F. Diaz, 1992 Climatology of surface-based inversions in the North American Arctic, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 15699–15712.
Charlson, R.J., S.E. Schwartz, J.M. Hales, R.D. Cess, J.A. Coakley, J.E. Hansen and D.J. Hofman, 1992, Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols, Science, 255, 423–430.
Dibb, J.E., L.D. Meeker, R.C. Finkel, J.R. Southon, M.W. Caffee and L.A. Barrie, 1994, Estimation of stratospheric input to the Arctic troposphere: 7Be and 10Be in aerosols at Alert, Canada, J. Geophys. Res, 99D, 12855–12864.
EPRI, 1994, Mercury Atmospheric Processes Synthesis Report, EPRI/TR-104214, Proc. Workshop in Tampa Florida, Sept. 1994.
Franzén L.G., M. Hjlemroos, P. Kållberg, E. Brorström-Lunden, S. Juntto and A.-L. Savolainen, 1994, The ‘yellow snow’ episode of northern fenoscandia, March 1991 — a case study of long-distance transport of soil, pollen and stable organic compounds, Atmos. Envir., 28, 3587–3605.
Fellin, F., L.A. Barrie, D. Dougherty, D. Toom, D. Muir, B. Grift, L. Lockhart and B. Billeek, 1995, Air monitoring in the Arctic: selected results for OC and PAH compounds for 1992, Envir. Toxic and Chem. J., in press.
Hopper J.F., D.E.J. Worthy, L.A. Barrie and NBA. Trivett, 1994, Atmospheric observations of aerosi black carbon, carbon dioxide, and methane in the high Arctic, Atmos. Envir. 28, 3047–3054.
Hillamo R.E., V.-M. Kerminen, W. Maenhaut, J.-L. Jaffrezo, S. Balachandra and C.I. Davidson, 1993, Size distributions of atmospheric trace elements at Dye3 Geenland-I. Distribution characteristics and dry deposition velocities., Atmos. Envir., 27A, 2787–2803.
Jaffe D.A. and M.D. Zukowski, 1993, Nitrate deposition to the Alaskan snowpack, Atmos. Envir., 27, 2935–2934.
Jaffrezo, J.L., P. Masclet, M.P. Clain, H. Wortham, S. Beyne and H. Cachier, 1993, Transfer function of polycyclic aeromatic hydrocarbons from the atmosphere to the polar ice-l. Determination of atmospheric concentrations at Dye 3, Greenland, Atmos. Envir., 27A, 2781–2786.
Jobson, B.T., H. Niki, Y. Yokouchi, J. Bottenheim, F. Hopper, R. Leaitch, 1994, Measurements of C2–C6 Hydrocarbons During the Polar Sunrise 92 Experiment, J. Geophys. Res. 99D, 25355–25368.
Kahl J.D., M.C. Serreze, R.S. Stone, S. Shitani, M. Kisley, and R. C. Schnell, 1993a, Tropospheric temperature trends in the Arctic, J. Geophys. Res., 98D, 12825–12838.
Kahl J.D., D.J. Charlevoix, N.A. Zaitseva, R.C. Schnell and M.C. Serreze, 1993b, Absence of evidence for greenhouse warming over the Arctic Ocean, Nature, 236, 335–337.
Kawamura, K., H. Kasukabe and L. A. Barrie, 1995a, Concentration changes of total organic carbon and nitrogen, water soluble organic carbon, and polar organic compounds in the arctic aerosols at polar sunrise,Atmos. Envir., 29, submitted.
Kawamura, K., H. Kasukabe and L. A. Barrie, 1995b, Production of dicarboxylic acids in the arctic atmosphere at polar sunrise, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22,1253–1256.
Kinlock D., H. Kuhnlein, and D.C.G. Muir, 1992, Inuit foods and diet: a preliminary assessment of benefits and risks, Sci. Tot. Envir. 122, 247–278.
Li S.M. and L.A. Barrie, 1993, Biogenic sulphur aerosols in the Arctic troposphere: I Contributions to sulphate, J. Geophys. Res., 98D, 20613–20622.
Li S.M., L.A. Barrie and S. Sirois, 1993, Biogenic sulphur aerosols in the Arctic troposphere, J. Geophys. Res. 98D, 20623–20631.
Li S.M., R.W. Talbot, L.A. Barrie, R.C. Harriss, C.I. Davidson and J.-L. Jaffrezo, 1993, Seasonal and geographic variations of methane sulphonic acid in the arctic troposphere, Atmos. Envir. 27A, 3011–3024.
Lindqvist, O.1994, Atmospheric cycling of mercury: an overview, 181–185 in Mercury Pollutiomlntegration and Synthesis, Eds. Watras and Huckabee, Lewis Publishers.
Lockhart, W.L., 1993, Depositional trends: lake and marine sediments, pp 46–56, Synopsis of Research Conducted Under 1992/1993 Northern Contaminants Program, Eds. Murray and Shearer, DIAND ISBN 0-662-21037-9, Ottawa, Canada.
Mackay, D. and F. Wania, 1995, Transport of contaminants to the Arctic: partitioning, processes and models, Sci. Tot. Environ., 160/161, 25–38.
Maenhaut, W., G. Ducastel and J.M. Pacyna, 1993, Atmospheric aerosol at Ny Alesund, during winter 1989: multielement composition, receptor modelling and comparision with data from previous winters, in Proc. of 5th Int. Symp. on Arctic Air Chem, 8–10 Sept. Copenhagen, NERI Tech. Rep. 70, Danish Min. of Envir. P.O Box 358, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Mayewski, P.A., L.D. Meeker, M.C. Morrison, M.S. Twickler, S. Whitlow, K.K. Ferland, M.R. Legrand, and J.P. Steffenson, 1993, Greenland ice core “signal”characteristics offer expanded view of climate change, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 12839–12847.
Mosher B.W., P. Winkler and J.L. Jaffrezo, 1993, Seasonal aerosol chemistry at Dye3, Greenland, Atmos. Envir., 27A, 2761–2773.
Muthuramu, M., P.B. Shepson, J.W. Bottenheim, BT. Jobson, H. Niki, K.G. Anlauf, 1994, Relationships between organic nitrates and surface ozone destruction during Polar Sunrise Experiment 1992, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25369–25378.
Mylona S., 1993, Trends of sulphur dioxide emissions, air concentrations and depositions of sulphur in Europe since 1880, EMEP/MSC-W Rep. #2/93, The Norweg. Met. Instit., P.O. Box 43-Blindern, N-0313 Oslo 3, Norway.
Niki H. and K.-H. Becker, 1993, The Tropospheric Chemistry Of Ozone In The Polar Regions, NATO ASI Series l:Global Environmental Change, Vol. 7, Springer Verlag, 425 pp.
Otlmans S.J. 1993, Climatology of Arctic and Antarctic tropospheric ozone, in The Tropospheric Chemistry Of Ozone In The Polar Regions, eds Niki and Becker, NATO ASI Series liGlobal Environmental Change, Vol. 7, Springer Verlag, 25–40.
Patton G.W., M.D. Walla, T.F. Bidleman and L.A. Barrie, 1991, Polycyclic aromatic and organochlorine compounds in the atmosphere of northern Ellesmere Island, Canada, J. Geophys. Res., 96D, 10867–10877.
Prospero J.M., D.L. Savoie, R. Arimoto, H. Olafson, and H. Hjartarson, Sources of aerosol nitrate and non-sea salt sulphate in the iceland region, Sci. Tot Environ., 160/161, 181–192.
Restelli G. and G. Angelletti, 1993, Dimethylsulphide: Oceans, Atmosphere and Climate, Kluwer Acad. Pub., Dordrecht, 399 pp.
Rudolph J., A. Khedim, T. Clarkson and D. Wagenbach, 1992, Long term measurements of light alkanes and acetylene in the Antarctic troposphere, Tellus, 44B, 252–261.
Schroeder W. H. R. Ebinghaus, M.Shoeib , K. Timoschenko and L. A. Barrie, 1995, Atmospheric mercury measurements in the northern hemisphere from 56° to 82.5° N latitude, Water Air Soil Poll, 80: 1227–1236.
Slemr, F. and E. Langer, 1992, Increase in global atmospheric concentrations of mercury inferred from measurements over the Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 355, 434–437.
Solberg S., O. Hov, N. Schmidbauer, A. Semb and F. Stordal, 1995, Tropospheric ozone depletion in the Norwegian Arctic in spring, J. Atmos. Chem. Submitted May 1995 (NILU rep U-93093).
Staebler, R.M., G. den Hartog, B. Georgi and T. Düsterdiek, 1994, Aerosol size distributions during the Polar Sunrise Experiment 1992, J. Geophys. Res, 99D, 25429–25439.
Stern G., L. Barrie, P. Fellin and D. Muir, 1995, Polychlorinated biphyenls in air in the high Arctic: 1992–1993, Envir. Sci. Techn., submitted.
Sturges W.T. and L.A. Barrie, 1988, Chlorine, bromine and iodine in Arctic aerosols, Atmos. Envir., 22, 1179–1194.
Tarasick D. W., D.J. Wardle, J.B. Kerr, J.J. Bellefleur and J. Davies, 1995, Tropospheric ozone trends over Canada: 1980–1993, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 409–412.
Welch H.E., D.C.G. Muir, B.N. Billeck, W.L. Lockhart, G.J. Brunskill, H.J.KIing, M.P. Olson and R.M. Lemoine, 1991, Brown snow: a long range transport event in the Canadian Arctic, Envir. Sci. and Tech., 25, 280–286.
Worthy D.E.J., N.B.A. Trivett, J.F. Hopper, J.W. Bottenheim and I. Levin, Analysis of long range transport events at Alert, Northwest Territiories, during Polar Sunrise Experiment 1992, J. Geophys. Res., 99D, 25329–25344.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Barrie, L.A. (1996). Occurrence And Trends of Pollution in the Arctic Troposphere. In: Wolff, E.W., Bales, R.C. (eds) Chemical Exchange Between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow. NATO ASI Series, vol 43. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61171-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61171-1_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64730-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-61171-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive