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Kidney function and fluid homeostasis

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Biological and Medical Research in Space

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Abstract

Ever since Yuri Gagarin landed in 1961 having performed the first manned space flight, a number of physiological and medical questions related to weightlessness have been investigated. Before the advent of manned space flight it was hypothesized that the absence of gravitational stress would induce a redistribution of body fluid from the legs headward, due to the absence of hydrostatic pressure gradients (for review see Gauer & Henry 1963), which would in turn induce changes in kidney function and fluid homeostasis. Because changes in kidney function and fluid homeostasis are relatively slow processes, space flight is the optimal condition for investigations of the influence of weightlessness on these variables. Since it was already well known that water immersion and bed rest induced increases in renal fluid and electrolyte excretion, these models were used as means of simulating the expected effects of weightlessness. Indeed, observations of puffy faces and thin legs (‘bird legs’’) in the first astronauts combined with an almost immediate loss of body mass (Norsk & Epstein 1991) initially seemed to verify the hypothesis that increases in central blood volume through stimulation of volume receptors in the thorax induced an increased renal output of fluid and electrolytes and thus a loss in body mass.

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  1. P. Bie
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  2. M. H. Bestle
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  3. L. B. Johansen
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, 1.800, Stopford Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK

    David Moore

  2. Institute of Medical Physiology, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Peter Bie

  3. European Space Agency, 8-10 rue Mario-Nikis, 75738, Paris Cédex 15, France

    Heinz Oser

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© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Bie, P., Bestle, M.H., Johansen, L.B. (1996). Kidney function and fluid homeostasis. In: Moore, D., Bie, P., Oser, H. (eds) Biological and Medical Research in Space. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61099-8_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61099-8_3

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64694-2

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