Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Modern Approaches to Classification of Pituitary Tumors in Human Subjects and Animals

  • Chapter
Endocrine System

Part of the book series: Monographs on Pathology of Laboratory Animals ((LABORATORY))

Abstract

The adenohypophysis originates in a diverticulum of stomodeal ectoderm called Rathke’s pouch. A ventral evagination of diencephalon-saccus infundibula contacts Rathke’s pouch and gives rise to the neurohypophysis. The adenohypophysis has an anterior lobe, pars intermedia, and pars tuberalis. The anterior lobe (pars distalis, pars glandularis) is composed mainly of hormone-producing cells. The chronologic appearance of different cell types during intrauterine development has been established by immunocytochemistry (Setalo and Nakane 1976; Chatelain et al. 1979; Osamura and Watanabe 1985). In man and rodents the first detected are adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) immunoreactive cells and growth hormone (GH) immunoreactive cells (5-18 weeks and 16 days of gestation, respectively) followed by cells containing glycoprotein hormones such as thyrotropin (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH; 12 weeks and 17-18 days, respectively). The last to appear are prolactin (PRL) immunoreactive cells; their number increases markedly at term in man and postnatally in the rat.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alexander JM, Biller BM, Bikkal H, Zervas NT, Arnold A, Klibanski A (1990) Clinically nonfunctioning pituitary tumors are monoclonal in origin. J Clin Invest 86:336–340

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asa SL, Kovacs K, Stefaneanu L, Horvath E, Billestrup N, Gonzalez-Manchon C, Vale W (1992) Pituitary adenomas in mice transgenic for growth hormone-releasing hormone. Endocrinology 131:2083–2089

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berkvens JM, van Nesselrooy JHJ, Kroes R (1980) Spontaneous tumours in the pituitary gland of old Wistar rats. A morphological and immunocytochemical study. J Pathol 130:179–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burton FH, Hasel KW, Bloom FE, Sutcliffe JG (1991) Pituitary hyperplasia and gigantism in mice caused by a cholera toxin transgene. Nature 350:74–77

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chatelain A, Dupouy JP, Dubois MP (1979) Ontogenesis of cells producing polypeptide hormones (ACTH, MSH, LPH, GH, prolactin) in the fetal hypophysis of the rat: influence of hypothalamus. Cell Tissue Res 196:409–427

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Childs GV (1984) Fluidity of gonadotropin storage in cycling female rats. In: McKerns KW(ed) Hormonal control of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. Plenum, New York, pp 181–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Cramer W, Horning ES (1936) Experimental production by oestrin of pituitary tumors with hypopituitarism. Lancet 1:247–249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis JR, Haggard N (1993) Towards the pathogenesis of human pituitary tumours (commentary). J Endocrinol 136:3–6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El Etreby MF, Muller-Peddinghaus R, Bhargava AS, Trautwein G (1980) Functional morphology of spontaneous hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions in the canine pituitary gland. Vet Pathol 17:109–122

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ellerkmann E, Nagy GM, Frawley LS (1992) –Melanocytestimulating hormone is a mammotrophic factor released by neurointermediate lobe cells after estrogen treatment. Endocrinology 130:133–138

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer O (1926) Uber Hypophysen Geschwulste der Weissen Ratten. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat 259:9–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frawley LS, Boockfor FR (1991) Mammosomatotropes: presence and functions in normal and neoplastic pituitary tissue. Endocr Rev 12:337–355

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furth J (1955) Experimental pituitary tumors. Recent Prog Horm Res 11:221–255

    Google Scholar 

  • Furth J, Clifton KH (1966) Experimental pituitary tumors. In: Harris GW, Donovan BT(eds) The pituitary gland, vol 2. Butterworths, London, pp 460–497

    Google Scholar 

  • Furth J, Haran-Ghera N, Curtis HJ, Buffe HRF (1959) Studies on the pathogenesis of neoplasms by ionizing radiation. I. Pituitary tumors. Cancer 19:550

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furth J, Nakane PK, Pasteels JL (1976) Tumors of the pituitary gland. In: Turusov VS(ed) Pathology of tumors in laboratory animals, vol 1, part 2. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, pp 201–237

    Google Scholar 

  • Griesbach WE, Purves HD (1960) Basophil adenomata in the rat hypophysis after gonadectomy. Br J Cancer 14:49–59

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinrichs M, Baumgartner W, Capen CC (1990) Immunocytochemical demonstration of proopiomelanocortinderived peptides in pituitary adenomas of the pars intermedia in horses. Vet Pathol 27:419–425

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Helseth A, Siegal GP, Haug E, Bautch VL (1992) Transgenic mice that develop pituitary tumors. A model for Cushing’s disease. Am J Pathol 140:1071–1080

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herman V, Fagin J, Gonsky E, Ezrin C, Kovacs K, Melmed S (1990) Clonal origins of pituitary adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 71:1427–1433

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollander N, Hollander VP (1971) Development of a somatotropic variant of the mammosomatotropic tumor MtTW5. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 137:1157–1162

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes RL, Mandle A (1961) A spontaneous pituitary tumor in a rat associated with adrenal hypertrophy. J Endocrinol 22:29–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horvath E, Kovacs K (1984) Gonadotroph adenomas of the human pituitary: sex-related fine-structural dichotomy. A histologic, immunocytochemical, and electron microscopic study of 30 tumors. Am J Pathol 117:429–440

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horvath E, Kovacs K (1986) Pathology of prolactin adenomas of the human pituitary. Semin Diagn Pathol 3:4–17

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horvath E, Kovacs K (1988) Fine structural cytology of the adenohypophysis in rat and man. J Electron Microsc Tech 8:401–432

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Houben H, Denef C (1990) Regulatory peptides produced in the anterior pituitary. TEM Nov/Dec 398–403

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishii J, Katayama S, Itabashi A, Takahama M, Kawazu S (1991) Salmon calcitonin induces pituitary tumors in rats. Endocrinol Jpn 38:705–709

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacks T, Fazeli A, Schmitt EM, Bronson RT, Goodell MA, Weinberg RA (1992) Effects of an Rb mutation in the mouse. Nature 359:295–300

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs BB, Huseby RA (1967) Neoplasms occurring in aged Fischer rats with special reference to testicular, uterine, and thyroid tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 39:303–309

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jameson JL, Klibanski A, Black PM, Zervas NT, Lindell CM, Hsu DW, Ridgway EC, Habener JF (1987) Glycoprotein hormone genes are expressed in clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. J Clin Invest 80:1472–1478

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jameson JL, Weiss J, Polak JM, Childs GV, Bloom SR, Steel JH, Capen CC, Prentice DE, Fetter AW, Langloss JM (1992) Glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit-producing pituitary adenomas in rats treated for one year with calcitonin. Am J Pathol 140:75–84

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaspareit-Rittinghausen J, Hense S, Deerberg F (1990) Cushing’s syndrome, and disease-like lesions in rats. Z Versuchstierkd 33:229–234

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs K, Horvath E (1986) Tumors of the pituitary gland. In: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (ed) Atlas of tumor pathology, second series, fascicle 21. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs K, Horvath E, Ilse RG, Ezrin C, Ilse D (1977) Spontaneous pituitary adenomas in aging rats: a light microscopic, immunocytological and fine structural study. Beitr Pathol 161:1–16

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs K, Horvath E, Asa SL, Stefaneanu L, Sano T (1989) Pituitary cells producing more than one hormone. TEM Nov/Dec 104–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs K, Asa SL, Horvath E, Ryan N, Singer W, Killinger DW, Smyth HS, Scheithauer BW, Ebersold MJ (1990) Null cell adenomas of the pituitary: attempts to resolve their cytogenesis. In: Lechago J, Kameya T(eds) Endocrine pathology update. Field and Wood, New York, pp 17–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroes R, Garbis-Berkvens JM, DeVries T, van Nesselrooy JH (1981) Histological profile of a Wistar rat stock including a survey of the literature. J Gerontol 36:256–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Histopathological profile of a Wistar rat stock including a survey of the literature. J Gerontol 36:259-279

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurosumi K (1968) Functional classification of cell types of the anterior pituitary gland accomplished by electron microscopy. Arch Histol Jpn 29:329–362

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurosumi K (1986) Cell classification of the rat anterior pituitary by means of immunoelectron microscopy. J Clin Electron Microsc 19:299–319

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee AK, De Lellis RA, Blount M, Nunnemacher G, Wolfe H (1982) Pituitary proliferative lesions in aging male Long-Evans rats. A model of mixed multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome. Lab Invest 47:595–602

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levy A, Lightman SL (1992) Growth hormone-releasing hormone transcripts in human pituitary adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 74:1474–1476

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levy A, Lightman SL (1993) The pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas. Review. Clin Endocrinol 38:559–570

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Stefaneanu L, Kovacs K, Horvath E, Smyth HS (1993) Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) gene expression and immunoreactivity in GHL- and PRL-producing human pituitary adenomas. Virchows Arch [A] 422:193–201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd RV (1991) Ultrastructure of spontaneous and transplanted pituitary tumors in laboratory animals. J Electron Microsc Tech 19:64–79

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd RV (1993) Cytology and function of the pituitary gland. In: Lloyd RV (ed) Surgical pathology of the pituitary gland. Philadelphia, Saunders, pp 5–17 (Major problems in pathology, vol 27)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd RV, Landefeld TD, Maslar I, Frohman LA (1985) Diethylstilbestrol inhibits tumor growth and prolactin production in rat pituitary tumors. Am J Pathol 118:379–386

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd RV, Cano M, Landefeld TD (1988) The effects of estrogens on tumor growth and on prolactin and growth hormone mRNA expression in rat pituitary tissues. Am J Pathol 133:397–406

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd RV, Jin L, Fields K, Chandler WF, Horvath E, Stefaneanu L, Kovacs K (1991) Analysis of pituitary hormones and chromogranin A mRNAs in null cell adenomas, oncocytomas, and gonadotroph adenomas by in situ hybridization. Am J Pathol 139:553–564

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd RV, Jin L, Chang A, Kulig E, Camper SA, Ross BD, Downs TR, Frohman LA (1992) Morphologic effects of hGRH gene expression on the pituitary, liver and pancreas of MT-hGRH transgenic mice. An in situ hybridization analysis. Am J Pathol 141:895–906

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacLeod RM, Smith MC, DeWitt GW (1966) Hormonal properties of transplanted pituitary tumors and their relation to the pituitary gland. Endocrinology 79:1149–1156

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magnusson G, Majeed SK, Gopinath C (1979) Infiltrating pituitary neoplasms in the rat. Lab Anim 13:111–113

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Makino S, Mori H, Koizumi K, Yamashita H, Hayashi Y, Aono T, Matsumoto K (1984) Functional and morphological characteristics of transplantable rat pituitary tumors established in nude mice. Cancer Res 44:4487–4495

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marin F, Stefaneanu L, Kovacs K (1991) Folliculo-stellate cells of the pituitary (review). Endocr Pathol 2:180–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayo KE, Hammer RE, Swanson LW, Brinster RL, Rosenfeld MG, Evans RM (1988) Dramatic pituitary hyperplasia in transgenic mice expressing a human growth hormonereleasing factor gene. Mol Endocrinol 2:606–612

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McComb DJ, Ilse G, Ryan IN, Horvath E, Kovacs K, Nagy E, Berczi I (1980) Histologic, immunocytologic and subcellular changes in the rat adenohypophysis caused by prolactin, growth hormone and ACTH-producing transplanted pituitary tumors: a comparison with spontaneous prolactinproducing adenomas. Exp Pathol 18:213–222

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McComb DJ, Ryan N, Horvath E, Kovacs K, Nagy E, Berczi J, Domokos J, Laszlo FA (1981) Five different adenomas derived from the rat adenohypophysis: immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study. J Natl Cancer Inst 66: 1103–1111

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McComb DJ, Kovacs K, Beri J, Zak F (1984) Pituitary adenomas in old Sprague Dawley rats: a histologic, ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study. J Natl Cancer Inst 73:1143–1166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McComb DJ, Kovacs K, Beri J, Zak F, Milligan JV, Shin SH (1985) Pituitary gonadotroph adenomas in old Sprague- Dawley rats. J Submicrosc Cytol 17:517–530

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McEwen CS, Selye H, Colip JB (1936) Some effects of prolonged administration of oestrin in rats. Lancet 1: 775–776

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McNicol AM, Walker E, Farquharson MA, Teasdale GM (1991) Pituitary macroadenomas associated with hyperprolactinaemia: immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization studies. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 35:239–244

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morel Y, Albaladejo V, Bouvier J, Andre J (1982) Inhibition by 17 beta-estradiol of the growth of the rat pituitary transplantable tumor MtF4. Cancer Res 42:1492–1497

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy D, Bishop A, Rindi G, Murphy MN, Stamp GW, Hanson J, Polak JM, Hogan B (1987) Mice transgenic for a vasopressin-SV40 hybrid oncogene develop tumors of the endocrine pancreas and the anterior pituitary. A possible model for human multiple endocrine neoplasia type I. Am J Pathol 129:552–566

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagaya T, Seo H, Kuwayama A, Sakurai T, Tsukamoto N, Sugita K, Matsui N (1990) Prolactin gene expression in human growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas. J Neurosurg 72:879–882

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagy G, Mulchahey JJ, Neil JD (1988) Autocrine control of prolactin secretion by vasoactive intestinal peptide. Endocrinology 122:364–366

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osamura RY, Watanabe K (1985) Histogenesis of the cells of the anterior and intermediate lobes of human pituitary glands: immunohistochemical studies. Int Rev Cytol 95: 103–129

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pagesy P, Li JY, Rentier-Delrue F, LeBouc Y, Martial JA, Peillon F (1989) Evidence of pre-prosomatostatin MRNA in human normal and tumoral anterior pituitary gland. Mol Endocrinol 3:1289–1294

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pagesy P, Li JY, Berthet M, Peillon F (1992) Evidence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone mRNA in the rat anterior pituitary. Mol Endocrinol 6:523–528

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons JA, Baskin DG, Erlandsen SI (1980) Heterogeneity of the MtTW15 mammosomatotropic tumor. II. Characterization of parenchimal cells by superimposition immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Anat Rec 196:301–311

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peillon F, LeDafniet M, Garnier P, Feinstein MC, Donnadieu M, Barret A, Gautron JP, Brandi AM, Benlot C, Lagoguey A (1989) Neurohormones coming from the normal and tumoral human anterior pituitary. Secretion and regulation in vitro. Pathol Biol (Paris) 37:840–845

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pernicone PJ, Scheithauer BW (1993) Invasive pituitary adenomas and pituitary carcinomas. In: Lloyd RV (ed) Surgical pathology of the pituitary gland. Philadelphia, Saunders, pp 121–136 (Major problems in pathology, vol 27)

    Google Scholar 

  • Poole MC, Kornegay WD III (1982) Cellular distribution within the rat adenohypophysis: a morphometric study. Anat Rec 204:45–53

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandusky GE, van Pelt CS, Todd GC, Wightman K (1988) An immunohistochemical study of pituitary adenomas and focal hyperplasia in old Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 rats. Tox Pathol 16:376–380

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sano T, Kovacs K, Stefaneanu L, Asa SL, Snyder L (1989) Spontaneous pituitary gonadotroph nodules in aging male Lobund-Wistar rats. Lab Invest 61:343–349

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sasaki F, Ivema Y (1988) Sex differences in prolactin and growth hormone cells in mouse adenohypophysis: stereological, morphometric and immunohistochemical studies by light and electron microscopy. Endocrinology 123:905–912

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sass B, Rabstein LS, Madison R, Nims RM, Peters RL, Kelloff GJ (1975) Incidence of spontaneous neoplasms in F344 rats throughout the natural life span. J Natl Cancer Inst 54:1449–1456

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schechter J, Windle JJ, Stauber C, Mellon PL (1992) Neural tissue within anterior pituitary tumors generated by oncogene expression in transgenic mice. Neuroendocrinology 56: 300–311

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Setalo G, Nakane P (1976) Functional differentiation of the fetal anterior pituitary cells in the rat. Endocr Exp 10: 155–166

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spada A, Arosio M, Bochicchio D, Bazzoni V, Vallar L, Bassetti M, Faglia G (1990) Clinical, biochemical and morphological correlates in patients bearing growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumors with or without constitutively active adenylyl cyclase. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 71:1421–1426

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stefaneanu L, Kovacs K (1991) Effects of drugs on pituitary fine structure in laboratory animals. J Electron Microsc Tech 19:80–89

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stefaneanu L, Kovacs K, Horvath E, Asa SL, Losinski NE, Billestrup N, Price J, Vale W (1989) Adenohypophysial changes in mice transgenic for human growth hormonereleasing hormone: a histological, immunocytochemical and electron microscopic investigation. Endocrinology 125: 2710–2718

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stefaneanu L, Kovacs K, Lloyd RV, Scheithauer BW, Young WFJR, Sano T, Jin L (1992a) Pituitary lactotrophs and somatotrophs in pregnancy: a correlative in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical study. Virchows Arch [B] 62: 291–296

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stefaneanu L, Rindi G, Horvath E, Murphy D, Polak JM, Kovacs K (1992b) Morphology of adenohypophysial tumors in mice transgenic for vasopressin-SV40 hybrid oncogene. Endocrinology 130:1789–1795

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stefaneanu L, Kovacs K, Horvath E, Clark RG, Cronin MJ (1993) Effect of intravenous infusion of growth hormonereleasing hormone (GRH) on the morphology of rat pituitary somatotrophs. Endocr Pathol 4:131–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takizawa S, Moy P, Marolla J, Furth J (1968) Characterization of four transplantable mammotropic pituitary tumor variants in the rat. Cancer Res 28:1963–1975

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trouillas J, Girod C, Claustrat B, Cure M, Dubois MP (1982) Spontaneous pituitary tumors in the Wistar/Furth/Ico rat strain. An animal model of human prolactin adenoma. Am J Pathol 109:57–70

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trouillas J, Morel Y, Pharaboz MO, Cordier G, Girod C, Andre J (1984) Morpho-functional modifications associated with the inhibition by estradiol of MtTF4 rat pituitary tumor growth. Cancer Res 44:4046–4052

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ueberberg H, Lutzen L (1979) The spontaneous rate of tumours in the laboratory rat: strain C4bb: Thom (SPF) Arzneimittelforschung 29:1876–1879

    Google Scholar 

  • Ueda G, Tanizawa O, Hamanaka N, Nishiura H (1970) Changes of growth hormone-containing cells during tumorigenesis and subpassages of estrogen-induced pituitary tumors in rat. Endocrinol Jpn 17:447–452

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uhlig H, Saeger W, Fehr S, Ludecke DK (1991) Detection of growth hormone, prolactin and human (3-chorionic gonadotropin messenger RNA in growth-hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas by in situ hybridization. Virchows Arch [A] 418:539–546

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Windle JJ, Weiner RI, Mellon PL (1990) Cell lines of the pituitary gonadotrope lineage derived by targeted oncogenesis in transgenic mice. Mol Endocrinol 4:597–603

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe JM, Bryan WR, Wright AW (1938) Histologic observations on the anterior pituitaries of old rat with particular reference to the spontaneous appearance of pituitary adenomata. Am J Cancer 34:352–372

    Google Scholar 

  • Zondek B (1936) Tumors of the pituitary induced with follicular hormone. Lancet 1:776–778

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    L. Stefaneanu Ph. D. (Assistant Professor of Pathology) & K. Kovacs M.D., Ph. D.Sc, FRCP(C), FCAP, FRC(Path) (Professor of Pathology)

Authors
  1. L. Stefaneanu Ph. D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. Kovacs M.D., Ph. D.Sc, FRCP(C), FCAP, FRC(Path)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. ILSI Research Foundation, Harvard Medical School, 1126 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20036, USA

    Thomas Carlyle Jones D.V.M., D.Sc. (Professor of Comparative Pathology, Emeritus) (Professor of Comparative Pathology, Emeritus)

  2. Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210-1093, USA

    Charles C. Capen D.V.M., Ph.D. (Professor of Veterinary Pathobiology and Chairman, Professor of Endocrinology) (Professor of Veterinary Pathobiology and Chairman, Professor of Endocrinology)

  3. Institut für Experimentelle Pathologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Konstanty-Gutschow-Strasse 8, 30625, Hannover, Germany

    Ulrich Mohr M.D. (Professor of Experimental Pathology) (Professor of Experimental Pathology)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stefaneanu, L., Kovacs, K. (1996). Modern Approaches to Classification of Pituitary Tumors in Human Subjects and Animals. In: Jones, T.C., Capen, C.C., Mohr, U. (eds) Endocrine System. Monographs on Pathology of Laboratory Animals. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60996-1_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60996-1_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64649-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-60996-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation