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Opioid Analgesics

  • Chapter
Book cover Pharmacological Aspects of Drug Dependence

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 118))

Abstract

Shortly after the petals fall from the flower of the poppy plant, the remaining seed capsule is slit open with a sharp knife, rendering a milky sap which, when dried, yields the substance known as opium. Although people have known since ancient times that they could relieve their pain and feel pleasure by eating or smoking this substance, it was not until the early 1800s that the substance responsible for opium’s effects was isolated and given the name morphine, after Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams. Morphine’s alkaline properties were different from those of other plant-derived products, thus its isolation from opium marked the beginning of alkaloid chemistry. Since then other alkaloids have been isolated from opium, including papaverine, thebaine and codeine (WASACZ 1981).

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  1. L. Dykstra
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  1. University Psychiatric Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 2751 E. Jefferson Avenue, 48207, Detroit, MI, USA

    Charles R. Schuster Ph.D.

  2. Director, The National Institute on Drug Abuse, Addiction Research Center, P.O. Box 5180, 21224, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Michael J. Kuhar Ph.D.

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Dykstra, L. (1996). Opioid Analgesics. In: Schuster, C.R., Kuhar, M.J. (eds) Pharmacological Aspects of Drug Dependence. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 118. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60963-3_5

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