Zusammenfassung
Lebende Organismen benötigen bestimmte Elemente für ihr Wachstum und zur Aufrechterhaltung ihrer physikalischen Struktur, der Stoffwechselaktivitäten und der Fortpflanzungsfähigkeit. Sie haben geeignete Mechanismen zur Aufnahme der für den Stoffwechsel wesentlichen Elemente ausgebildet. Bei bestimmten Gelegenheiten können toxische Metalle aufgenommen werden, die zu physiologischem Schaden für den Organismus und sogar zu seinem Tod führen können. Selbst die in geringen Mengen oder Spuren für die normalen Zellfunktionen benötigten Metallelemente können behindernde oder toxische Auswirkungen zeigen, wenn sie in übermäßiger Konzentration vorhanden sind (Kap. 13). Viele Organismen haben Entgiftungsmechanismen entwickelt, um den schädlichen Auswirkungen der Metalle zu entgehen. Bei Mikroorganismen haben sich dafür verschiedene Resistenzmechanismen herausgebildet, darunter z. B. Umbildungen der toxischen Metalle, die dazu führen, daß das Metall in einer anderen physikalischen und/oder chemischen Form freigesetzt wird, wie dies bei einer Metallalkylierung stattfindet. Einige der von Organismen katalysierten Verfahren zur Aufnahme und Umbildung von Metallen können auch zur Behandlung metallhaltiger Abfälle eingesetzt werden.
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Hardman, D., McEldowney, S., Waite, S. (1996). Biologische Behandlung von Metallen und Radionukliden. In: Umweltverschmutzung. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60953-4_14
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