Abstract
Scientific understanding of the relationship between people and parks is critically important to protected area management. The social sciences can and must provide usable knowledge to managers, at the appropriate scale and dealing with issues relevant to protected area management. In this paper, the social sciences are defined and described, as is the concept of usable knowledge. The ecological context of protected area management is discussed, and a research agenda for the social sciences is presented. To accomplish this agenda, an international network of Cooperative Protected Area Studies Units (CPASUs) is proposed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bernbaum, E. (1996). Sacred mountains: Implications for protected area management. Parks 6(1):41–48.
Bibelriether H. and Synge H. (1994). Europe. In McNeely J.A., Harrison J., Dingwall P. (eds) Protecting Nature: Regional Reviews of Protected Areas, pp. 103–132. IUCN, Cambridge.
Bishop S.G. (1995). Partnerships for ecosystem management and sustainable development: Some biosphere reserve models.In Linn R.M. (ed) Sustainable Society and Protected Areas, pp. 5–8. The George Wright Society, Hancock, Michigan.
Bryan H. (1996). The assessment of social impacts. In Ewert A.W. (ed) Natural resource management: The human dimension, pp. 45–66. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
Butler R.W. (1993). Pre- and post-impact assessment of tourism development. In Pearce D.G., Butler R.W. (ed.) Tourism research: Critiques and challenges, pp. 135–155. Routledge, London and New York.
Carpenter R.A. (1995). Limitations in measuring ecosystem sustainability. In Trzyna T.C. (ed) A Sustainable World, pp. 175–97. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
Clark R.N. (1992) Alternative strategies for studying recreationists. In Machlis G.E., Field D.R. (eds) On interpretation: Sociology for interpreters of natural and cultural history, pp. 24–43. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon.
Cortner H. (1996). Public involvement and interaction. In Ewert A.W. (ed) Natural resource management: The human dimension, pp. 167–80. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
Costanza R. (ed) (1991). Ecological economics: The science and management of sustainability. Columbia University Press, New York.
Daly H.E. and Cobb J.B., Jr (1994). For the common good (second edition). Beacon Press, Boston, Massachusetts.
Dillman D. (1978). Mail and telephone surveys: The total design method. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Dixon J. A., Sherman P.B. (1990). Economics of protected areas: A new look at benefits and costs. Island Press, Washington D.C.
Ewert A.W., (ed.). (1996). Natural resource management: The human dimension. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
Gill, G. (1996) Personal communication. Cooperative Park Studies Unit, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho.
Gunderson L.H., Holling CS., and Light S.S. (eds.) (1995). Barriers and bridges to the renewal of ecosystems and institutions. Columbia University Press, New York.
Gurung, CP. (1995) People and their participation: New approaches to resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. In McNeely J.A. (ed) Expanding Partnerships in Conservation, pp. 223–33. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
Hamilton, L.S. (1996) The role of protected areas in sustainable mountain development. Parks 6(1) 2–13.
Hough J. (1991). Social impact assessment: Its role in protected area planning and management. In West P.C. and Brechin S.R (eds) Resident peoples and national parks: Social dilemmas and strategies in international conservation, pp. 274–282. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.
Johnson D., Field D.R., and Machlis G.E. (1983) The organization and the employee. University of Washington, Cooperative Park Studies Unit, National Park Service, Seattle, Washington.
Krumpe E.E. and McCoy L. (1995) Techniques for resolving conflict in natural resource management. In Saunier R.E., Meganck R.A. (eds) Conservation of biodiversity and the new regional planning, pp. 67–74. Organization of American States, Washington, D.C.
Lele S.M. (1991). Sustainable development: A critical review. World Development 19(6):607–21.
Light S.S., Gunderson L.H., and Holling CS. (1995). The Everglades: Evolution of management in a turbulent ecosystem. In Gunderson L.H, Holling CS, Light S.S. (eds) Barriers and bridges to the renewal of ecosystems and institutions, pp. 103–68. Columbia University Press, New York.
Lindblom CE. and Cohen D.K. (1979). Usable Knowledge: Social science and social problem solving. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.
Linn R.M. (ed.) (1995). Sustainable society and protected areas: Contributed papers of the 8th conference on research and resource management in parks and on public lands. The George Wright Society, Hancock, Michigan.
Lubczynski L. (1992). National parks in Poland (annual report 1991). Bialowieza National Park, Izabelin, Poland.
Lusigi W.J. (1995). How to build local support for protected areas. In McNeely J.A. (ed) Expanding Partnerships in Conservation, pp. 19–24. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
Machlis G.E. (1996). Usable knowledge: A plan for furthering social science and the national parks. National Park Service, Washington, D.C.
Machlis G.E. McKendry J.E., and Correia M.E. (1996). A social science plan for South Florida’s National Park Service units. National Park Service, Washington D.C.
Machlis G.E. (1995). Social science and protected area management: The principles of partnership. In McNeely J.A. (ed) Expanding Partnerships in Conservation, pp. 45–57. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
Machlis G.E. (1989). Managing parks as human ecosystems.in Altman I. and Zube E.H. (eds) Public places and spaces, pp. 255–75, Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York.
Machlis G.E. and D.L. Tichnell (1985). The state of the world’s parks. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
McNeely, J.A. (1992). The contributions of protected areas to sustaining society. In IV Congreso Mundial de Parques Nacionales y Areas Protegidas: Plenary Sessions and Symposium Papers, pp. 1–6 Caracas, Venezuela.
McNeely, J.A. (1995). Partnerships for conservation: An introduction. In McNeely J.A. (ed) Expanding Partnerships in Conservation pp. 1–12. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
Metcalfe, S.C (1995). Communities, parks, and regional planning: A co-management strategy based on the Zimbabwean experience. In McNeely J.A (ed) Expanding Partnerships in Conservation, pp. 270–79. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
Mishra, H.R. (1994). South and Southeast Asia. In McNeely J.A., Harrison J., and Dingwall P. (eds) Protecting Nature: Regional Reviews of Protected Areas, pp. 177–203. IUCN, Cambridge.
Munro D.A. (1995). New partners in conservation: How to expand public support for protected areas. In McNeely J.A. (ed.) Expanding partnerships in conservation, pp. 13–18. Island Press. Washington D.C.
National Park Service. (1992). National parks for the 21st century: The Vail Agenda. Chelsea Green Publishing Company, Post Mills, Vermont.
National Park Service. (1994). National Park Service strategic plan: Vision. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
National Parks and Conservation Association. (1988). Parks and people: A natural relationship (vol 3). Investing in park futures: A blueprint for tomorrow. National Parks and Conservation Association, Washington, D.C.
National Research Council. (1992). Science and National Parks. National Academy Press, Washington D.C.
Neumann R. and Machi is G.E. (1989). Land-use and threats to parks in the neotropics. Environmental Conservation (16) no 1.
Nikol’skii, A.A., Bolshova L.I., and Karaseva S.E. (1994). North Eurasia. In McNeely i.A., Harrison J., and Dingwall P. (eds) Protecting Nature: Regional Reviews of Protected Areas, pp. 133–155. IUCN, Cambridge.
Nowicki M. (1992). Environment in Poland: Issues and solutions. Ministry of Environmental Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry, Warsaw, Poland.
Olindo P. and Mbaelele M.M. (1994). Sub-Saharan Africa. In McNeely J.A., Harrison J., and Dingwall P. (eds) Protecting Nature: Regional Reviews of Protected Areas, pp. 47–71. IUCN, Cambridge.
Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe, (1994), Strategic environmental issues in Central and Eastern Europe (vol I) Regional Report. Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe, Budapest.
Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe. (1994). Strategic environmental issues in Central and Eastern Europe (vol 2) Environmental needs assessment in ten countries. Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe, Budapest.
Risser P.G. and Lubchenco J. (1992). Report of a workshop for a National Park Service Ecological Research Program. NPS Ecological Study Program Workshop Report. Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Schroeder H.W. (1996). Ecology of the heart: Understanding how people experience natural environments. In Ewert A.W. (ed) Natural resource management: The human dimension, pp. 13–28. Westview Press. Boulder, Colorado.
Shelby B. and Heberlein T.A. (1986). Carrying capacity in recreation settings. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon.
Slocombe D.S. (1995). An ecosystem approach to regional planning. In Saunier R.E. and Meganck, R. A. (eds) Conservation of biodiversity and the new regional planning, pp. 53–66. Organization of American States, Washington, D.C.
Transport for Leisure Ltd. (1995). A Sustainable Transport Strategy for Ojcow National Park. West Yorkshire, UK.
Ugalde A. and Godoy J.C. (1994). Central America. In McNeely J.A., Harrison J., and Dingwall P. (eds) Protecting Nature: Regional Reviews of Protected Areas, pp. 301–345. IUCN, Cambridge.
West P.C. and Brechin S.R. (eds.). (1991). Resident peoples and national parks: Social dilemmas and strategies in international conservation. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
Williams L.T. Jr. and Skabelund L.R. (1995). Bridging the gap between federal, state and local land management agencies: The New River Parkway land management system. In Linn R.M. (ed) Sustainable society and protected areas, pp. 293–300. The George Wright Society, Hancock, Michigan.
World Conservation Union. (1992). Workshop Abstracts. Proceedings of the IVth World Congress on National Parks and Protected Areas. IUCN, Caracas, Venezuela.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Machlis, G., Soukup, M. (1997). Usable Knowledge for National Park and Protected Area Management: A Social Science Perspective. In: Nelson, J.G., Serafin, R. (eds) National Parks and Protected Areas. NATO ASI Series, vol 40. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60907-7_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60907-7_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64603-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-60907-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive