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Immunopathogenesis of HIV Infection pp 33–51Cite as

Immune dysregulation and CD4+ T cell loss in HIV-1 infection

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Abstract

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the clinical outcome of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 or 2 (HIV-1, HIV-2) infection. Acute infection with HIV, which may present with influenza- or mononucleosis-like symptoms [148], is followed by an asymptomatic period of a few months to more than 13 years. This asymptomatic period is characterized by declining numbers of circulating CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, eventually leading to immunodeficiency and clinical symptoms defining the AIDS diagnosis. The symptoms observed may be lymphadenopathy, infections with opportunistic pathogens, neoplasms such as Kaposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, neurological symptoms and dementia. The opportunistic infections are mainly caused by intracellular pathogens such as viruses, mycobacteria, protozoa and fungi which, as the malignancies observed, are indicative for failing cellular immunity.

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  1. Frank Miedema

    Present address: Department of Human Immunology, DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto, 94304-1104, CA, USA

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  1. Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and the Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Linde Meyaard & Frank Miedema

  2. Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Linde Meyaard

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  2. Frank Miedema
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  1. Laboratory of Immunoregulation National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC 1876 Building 10, Room 11B13, 20892-1876, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Anthony S. Fauci

  2. Laboratory of AIDS Immunopathogenesis Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vadois (CHUV), 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Giuseppe Pantaleo

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Meyaard, L., Miedema, F. (1997). Immune dysregulation and CD4+ T cell loss in HIV-1 infection. In: Fauci, A.S., Pantaleo, G. (eds) Immunopathogenesis of HIV Infection. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60867-4_4

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