Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of Environmental Agents on Thyroid Function

  • Chapter
Pharmacotherapeutics of the Thyroid Gland

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 128))

Abstract

A large number of agents in the environment, both naturally occurring and man-made, are known to interfere with thyroid gland morphology and function, posing the danger of thyroid disease (Table 1). Thyroid enlargement or goitre is the most prominent effect of these agents. They may cause the goitrous condition by acting directly on the thyroid gland (Fig. 1), but also indirectly by altering the regulatory mechanisms of the thyroid gland and the peripheral metabolism and excretion of thyroid hormones (Gaitan 1988, 1989a, 1990).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bahn AK, Mills JL, Synder PJ, Gann PH, Houten L, Bialik O, Hollmann L, Utiger RD (1980) Hypothyroidism in workers exposed to polybrominated biphenyls. N Engl J Med 302: 31–33

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barsano CP (1989) Polyhalogenated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In: Gaitan E (ed) Environmental goitrogenesis. CRC, Boca Raton, p 115

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley EH (1982) Accumulation of airborne polychlorinated biphenyls in foliage. Science 216: 520–522

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chanoine JP, Toppet V, Bourdoux P, Spehl M, Delange F (1991) Smoking during pregnancy: a significant cause of neonatal thyroid enlargement. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 98: 65–68

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cody V (1989) Physical and conformational properties of flavonoids. In: Gaitan E (ed) Environmental goitrogenesis. CRC, Boca Raton, p 35

    Google Scholar 

  • Cody V, Middleton E Jr, Harborne JB (eds) (1986) Plant flavonoids in biology and medicine: biochemical, pharmacological and structure-activity relationships. Liss, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Cody V, Middleton E Jr, Harborne JB, Beretz A (eds) (1988) Plant flavonoids in biology and medicine II: biochemical, cellular and medicinal properties. Liss, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Cody V, Koehrle J, Hesch RD (1989) Structure-activity relationships of flavonoids as inhibitors of iodothyronine deiodinase. In: Gaitan E (ed) Environmental goitrogenesis. CRC, Boca Raton, p 57

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooksey RC, Gaitan E, Lindsay RH, Hill JB, Kelly K (1985) Humic substances: a possible source of environmental goitrogens. Org Geochem 8: 77–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Delange R, Ahluwalia R (eds) (1983) Cassava toxicity and thyroid: research and public health issues. IDRC-207e. International Development Research Centre, Ottawa

    Google Scholar 

  • Delange F (1989) Cassava and the thyroid. In: Gaitan E (ed) Environmental goitrogenesis. CRC, Boca Raton, p 173

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumont JE, Maenhaut C, Pirson I, Baptist M, Roger PP (1991) Growth factors controlling the thyroid gland. Balliere Clin Endocrinol Metab 5: 727–754

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dumont JE, Lamy F, Roger P, Maenhaut C (1992) Physiological and pathological regulation of thyroid cell proliferation and differentiation by thyrotropin and other factors. Physiol Rev 72: 667–697

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eltom M, Salih MAM, Bastrom H, Dahlberg PA (1985) Differences in aetiology and thyroid function in endemic goitre between rural and urban areas of the Darfur region of the Sudan. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 108: 356–360

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ermans AM, Bourdoux P (1989) Antithyroid sulfurated compounds. In: Gaitan E (ed) Environmental goitrogenesis. CRC, Boca Raton, p 15

    Google Scholar 

  • Ermans AM, Mbulamoko NB, Delange F, Ahluwalia R (eds) (1980) Role of cassava in the etiology of endemic goiter and cretinism, IDRC-136e. International Development Research Centre, Ottawa

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaitan E (1973) Water-borne goitrogens and their role in the etiology of endemic goiter. World Rev Nutr Diet 17: 53–90

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaitan E (1986) Thyroid disorders: possible role of environmental pollutants and naturally occurring agents. Am Chem Soc Div Environ Chem 26: 58–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaitan E (1988) Goitrogens. Bailliere Clin Endocrinol Metab 2: 683–702

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaitan E (ed) (1989a) Environmental goitrogenesis. CRC, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaitan E (1989b) Phthalate esters and phthalic acid derivatives. In: Gaitan E (ed) Environmental goitrogenesis. CRC, Boca Raton, p 107

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaitan E (1990) Goitrogens in food and water. Annu Rev Nutr 10: 21–39

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaitan E (1992) Disorders of the thyroid. In: Tarcher AB (ed) Principles and practice of environmental medicine. Plenum Medical Book, New York, pp 371–387

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaitan E, Dunn JT (1992) Epidemiology of iodine deficiency. Trends Endocrinol Metab 3: 170–175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaitan E, Island DP, Liddle GW (1969) Identification of a naturally occurring goitrogen in water. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 82: 141–152

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaitan E, Medina, P, DeRouen TA, Zia MS (1980) Goiter prevalence and bacterial contamination of water supplies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 51: 957–961

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaitan E, Cooksey RC, Matthews D, Presson R (1983) In vitro measurement of antithyroid compounds and environmental goitrogens. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 56: 767–773

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaitan E, Cooksey RC, Lindsay RH (1986) Factors other than iodine deficiency in endemic goiter: goitrogens and protein calorie malnutrition. In: Dunn JT, Pretell EA, Daza CH, Viteri FE (eds) Towards the eradication of endemic goiter, cretinism and iodine deficiency. Pan Am Health Org (Wash) 502: 28–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaitan E, Lindsay RH, Reichert RD, Ingbar SH, Cooksey RC, Legan J, Meydrech EF, Hill J, Kubota K (1989) Antithyroid and goitrogenic effects of millet: role of Cglycosylfiavones. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 68: 707–714

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaitan E, Nelson NC, Poole GV (1991) Endemic goiter and endemic thyroid disorders. World J Surg 15: 205–215

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaitan E, Cooksey RC, Legan K, Cruse JM, Lindsay RH, Hill J (1993) Antithyroid and goitrogenic effects of coal-water extracts from iodine-sufficient goiter areas. Thyroid 3: 49–53

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaitan E, Cooksey RC, Legan J, Lindsay RH (1995) Antithyroid effects in vivo and in vitro of vitexin: a C-glucosylfiavone in millet. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80: 1144–1147

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinton RH, Mitchell FE, Mann A, Chescoe D, Price SC (1986) Effects of phthalic acid ester on liver and thyroid. Environ Health Perspect 70: 195–210

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hulse JH (ed) (1980) Polyphenols in cereals and legumes. IDRC-145e, Int Dev Res Cent, Ottawa

    Google Scholar 

  • Isozaki O, Emoto N, Miyakawa M, Sato Y et al (1993) Heat shock protein (HSP) regulation of iodide uptake in rat FRTL-5 thyroid cells. Thyroid [Suppl] 3:T-78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klibanof AM, Tu T, Scott KP (1983) Peroxidase-catalyzed removal of phenols from coal conversion waste waters. Science 221: 259–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Konde M, Ingenbleek Y, Daffe M, Sylla B, Barry O, Diallo S (1994) Goitrous endemic in Guinea. Lancet 344: 1675–1678

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay RH (1989) Hydroxypyridines. In: Gaitan E (ed) Environmental goitrogenesis. CRC, Boca Raton, p 97

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay RH, Gaitan E (1989) Polyhydroxyphenols and phenol derivatives. In: Gaitan E (ed) Environmental goitrogenesis. CRC, Boca Raton, p 73

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay RH, Gaitan E, Cooksey RC (1989) Pharmacokinetics and intrathyroidal effects of flavonoids. In: Gaitan E (ed) Environmental goitrogenesis. CRC, Boca Raton, p 43

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay RH, Hill JB, Gaitan E, Cooksey RC, Jolley RL (1992) Antithyroid effects of coal-derived pollutants. J Toxicol Environ Health 37: 467–481

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moreno-Reyes R, Boelaert M, El Badwi S, Eltom M, Vanderpas JB (1993) Endemic juvenile hypothyroidism in a severe endemic goitre area of Sudan. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 38: 19–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moskowitz PD, Morris SC, Fisher H, Thode HD Jr, Hamilton LD (1985) Synthetic fuel plants: potential tumor risks to public health. Risk Anal 5: 181–193

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osman AK, Fatah AA (1981) Factors other than iodine deficiency contributing to the endemicity of goitre in Darfur province ( Sudan ). J Hum Nutr 35: 302–309

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peakall DB (1975) Phthalate esters: occurrence and biological effects. Residue Rev 54: 1–41

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pitt WW, Jolley RL, Jones G (1979) Characterization of organics in aqueous effluents of coal-conversion plants. Environ Int 2: 167–171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kluwe WM (1982) Proceedings of the conference on phthalates, Washington DC, June 9–11, 1981. Environ Health Perspect 45: 1–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogan WJ, Bagniewska A, Damstra T (1980) Pollutants in breast milk. N Engl J Med 30: 1450–1453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roti E, Grundi A, Braverman, LE (1983) The placental transport, synthesis and metabolism of hormones and drugs which affect thyroid function. Endocr Rev 4: 131–149

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Safe Drinking Water Committee (1977) Drinking water and health. National Academy Press, Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Safe Drinking Water Committee (1980) Drinking water and health, vol 3. National Academy Press, Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Sartelet H, Serghat S, Lobstein A, Ingenbleek Y, Anton R, Petitfrere E, Aguie-Aguie G, Martin L, Haye B (1996) Flavonoids extracted from Fonio millet ( Digitaria exilis) reveal potent antithyroid properties. Nutrition 12: 100–106

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simonich SL, Hites RA (1995) Global distribution of persistent organochlorine compounds. Science 269: 1851–1854

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tezelman S, Siperstein AE, Duh QY, Clark OH (1993) Crosstalk between epidermal growth factor and thyrotropin induced desensitization of adenylate cyclase in human neoplastic thyroid cells, Thyroid [Suppl] 3:T-79

    Google Scholar 

  • Walfish PG (1983) Drug and environmentally induced neonatal hypothyroidism. In: Dussault JH, Walker P (eds) Congenital hypothyroidism. Dekker, New York, pp 303–316

    Google Scholar 

  • Weetman AP, McGregor AM (1994) Autoimmune thyroid disease: further developments in our understanding. Endocr Rev 15: 788–830

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wenzel BE, Bottazzo GF (eds) (1987) Advances in thyroidology: cell and immunobiological aspects: thyroid cell growth. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) [Suppl] 281: 215–301

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. E. Gaitan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine Clinical Sciences Centre Northern General Hospital, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S5 7AU, UK

    A. P. Weetman (Professor of Medicine) (Professor of Medicine)

  2. Department of Endocrinology, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE, UK

    A. Grossman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gaitan, E. (1997). Effects of Environmental Agents on Thyroid Function. In: Weetman, A.P., Grossman, A. (eds) Pharmacotherapeutics of the Thyroid Gland. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 128. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60709-7_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60709-7_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64519-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-60709-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation