Abstract
An important advance in oligodendrocyte biology during the 1980’s was the development of models and techniques for studying the myelinogenic capacity of transplanted glia (8). Two basic models emerged from which our current knowledge regarding the ability of transplanted glia to myelinate host axons is largely derived. The first of these are the so-called “myelin-mutants”, where a defect in one of the genes encoding central myelin proteins (such as the MBPmutant shiverer mouse, or the PLP-mutant myelin-deficient rat) gives rise to a hypomyelinated CNS containing abundant unmyelinated or demyelinated axons available for myelination by transplanted cells. In general, the myelin mutants are short-lived, and most studies using these animals have been undertaken in neonatal or immature recipients (7,14,21). The second transplantation model involves the creation of clearly-defined, focal areas of demyelination within the white matter of adult animals by the direct injection of small volumes of gliotoxic agents such as lysolecithin or ethidium bromide. The normally-occurring, spontaneous remyelination of gliotoxin-induced areas of demyelination can be prevented by exposing the lesion area to 40 Grays of X-irradiation, thereby creating a non-repairing area of demyelination (the X-EB lesion) with which to test the behaviour of transplanted cells in the absence of competition from recruited host cells (fig.la). The ability of transplants containing cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage to myelinate host axons was clearly demonstrated using both these models.
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
- Oligodendrocyte Progenitor
- Oligodendrocyte Lineage
- Dorsal Funiculus
- Progenitor Cell Line
- Demyelinated Axon
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
Armstrong, R.C., Harvath, L. and Dubois-Dalcq, M.E. (1990) Type-1 astrocytes and oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte glial progenitors migrate toward distinct molecules. J. Neurosci. Res. 27, 400–407.
Barnett, S.C., Franklin, R.J.M. and Blakemore, W.F. (1993) In vitro and in vivo analysis of a rat 0-2A progenitor cell line containing the temperature sensitive mutant gene of the SV40 large T antigen. Eur. J. Neurosci. 5, 1247–1260.
Barres, B.A., Hart, I.K., Coles, H.S.R., Burne, J.F., Voyvodic, J.T., Richardson, W.D. and Raff, M.C. (1992) Cell death and control of cell survival in the oligodendrocyte lineage. Cell 70, 31–46.
Barres, B.A., Raff, M.C., Gaese, F., Bartke, I., Dechant, G. and Barde, Y.-A. (1994) A crucial role for neurotrophin-3 in oligodendrocyte development. Nature 367, 371–375.
Barres, B.A., Schmid, R., Sendtner, M. and Raff, M.C. (1993) Muliple extracellular signals are required for long-term oligodendrocyte survival. Development 118, 283–295.
Chiang, C.S., McBride, W.H. and Withers, H.R. (1993) Radiation-induced astrocytic and microglial responses in mouse brain. Radiother. Oncol. 29, 60–68.
Duncan, I.D., Hammang, J.P., Jackson, K.F., Wood, P.M., Bunge, R.P. and Langford, L. (1988) Transplantation of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells into the spinal cord of the myelin-deficient rat. J. Neurocytol. 17, 351–360.
Franklin, R.J.M. (1993) Reconstructing myelin-deficient environments in the CNS by glial cell transplantation. Sem. Neurosci. 5, 443–451.
Franklin, R.J.M., Bayley, S.A., Milner, R., ffrench-Constant, C. and Blakemore, W.F. (1995) Differentiation of the 0-2A progenitor cell line CG-4 into oligodendrocytes and astrocytes following transplantation into giia-deficient areas of CNS white matter. Glia 13, 39–44.
Franklin, R.J.M. and Blakemore, W.F. (1995) Glial-cell transplantation and plasticity in the 0-2A lineage -implications for CNS repair. Trends Neurosci. 18, 151–156.
Fulton, B.P., Burne, J.F. and Raff, M.C. (1992) Visualization of 0-2A progenitor cells in developing and adult rat optic nerve by quisqualatestimulated cobalt uptake. J. Neurosci. 12,4816–4833.
Gout, O. and Dubois-Dalcq, M. (1993) Directed migration of transplanted glial cells toward a spinal cord demyelinating lesion. Int J. Dev. Neurosci. 11,613–623.
Groves, A.K., Barnett, S.C., Franklin, R.J.M., Crang, A.J., Mayer, M., Blakemore, W.F. and Noble, M. (1993) Repair of demyelinated lesions by transplantation of purified 0-2A progenitor cells. Nature 362, 453–455.
Gumpel, M., Gout, O., Gansmuller, A. and Baumann, N. (1989) Myelination and remyelination in the central nervous system by transplanted oligodendrocytes using the shiverer model. Dev. Neurosci. 11,132–139.
Kiernan, B.W. and ffrench-Constant, C. (1993) Oligodendrocyte precursor (0-2A progenitor cell) migration; a model system for the study of cell migration in the developing central nervous system. Development Supplement, 219–225.
Komoly, S., Hudson, L.D., Webster, H.deF. and Bondy, C.A. (1992) Insulinlike growth factor I gene expression is induced in astrocytes during experimental demyelination. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 89, 1894–1898.
Levison, S.W., Chuang, C., Abramson, B.J. and Goldman, J.E. (1993) The migrational patterns and developmental fates of glial precursors in the rat subventricular zone are temporally regulated. Development 119, 611–622.
Pfeiffer, S.E., Warrington, A.E. and Bansal, R.(1993) The oligodendrocyte and its many cellular processes. Trends Cell Biol. 3,191–197.
Raff, M.C. (1989) Glial cell diversification in the rat optic nerve. Science 243, 1450–1455.
Raff, M.C., Miller, R.H. and Noble, M. (1983) A glial progenitor cell that develops in vitro into an astrocyte or an oligodendrocyte depending on culture medium. Nature 303, 390–396.
Rosenbluth, J., Hasegawa, M., Shirasaki, N., Rosen, C.L. and Liu, Z. (1990) Myelin formation following transplantation of normal fetal glia into myelin-deficient rat spinal cord. J. Neurocytol. 19, 718–730.
Skoff, R.P. (1990) Gliogenesis in rat optic nerve: astrocytes are generated in a single wave before oligodendrocytes. Dev. Biol. 139, 149–168.
Small, R.K., Riddle, P. and Noble, M. (1987) Evidence for migration of oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte progenitor cells into the developing rat optic nerve. Nature 328,155–157.
Takamiya, Y., Kohsaka, S., Toya, S., Otani, M., Mikoshiba, K. and Tsukada, Y. (1986) Possible association of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) with the appearance of reactive astrocytes following brain injury in situ. Brain res. 383, 305–309.
Vignais, L., Nait Oumesmar, B., Mellouk, F., Gout, O., Labourdette, G., Baron-Van Evercooren, A. and Gumpel, M. (1993) Transplantation of oligodendrocyte precursors in the adult demyelinated spinal cord: migration and remyelination. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 11,603–612.
Warrington, A.E., Barbarese, E. and Pfeiffer, S.E. (1993) Differential myelinogenic capacity of specific developmental stages of the oligodendrocyte lineage upon transplantation into hypomyelinating hosts. J. Neurosci. Res. 34,1–13.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Franklin, R.J.M. (1997). The biology of the transplanted oligodendrocyte progenitor. In: Jeserich, G., Althaus, H.H., Richter-Landsberg, C., Heumann, R. (eds) Molecular Signaling and Regulation in Glial Cells. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60669-4_32
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60669-4_32
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64501-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-60669-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive