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Platelets and Their Factors pp 483–506Cite as

Platelet-Activating Factor: Biosynthesis, Biodegradation, Actions

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Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 126))

Abstract

Some of the most potent inflammatory mediators share a lipidic origin. Upon cell activation, the action of lipases on membrane phospholipids produces free fatty acids and the phospholipid backbone. Among the former are eicosanoids (prostaglandins and leukotrienes); among the latter, platelet-activating factor (PAF; Samuelsson et al. 1987; Wallace 1990; Fig. 1). Studies carried out during the past decade demonstrated that PAF induces biological responses detectable at levels as low as 10 fM (Braquet et al. 1987). In 1972, Benveniste et al. reported that a compound originating from sensitized basophils generated aggregation of platelets. After elucidation of the PAF structure, 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (Fig. 2), numerous fields of research have emerged, and the subsequent results on PAF biological activities profoundly changed the perspective on its action (Braquet et al. 1987; Pinckard et al. 1988). PAF is an endogenous compound synthesized by a wide range of inflammatory cell types. However, non-inflammatory cells also produce PAF, suggesting that it may be a molecule that has been conserved through evolution. This chapter briefly reviews PAF biosynthesis and degradation in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, the immunoregulatory actions of PAF, and some of its actions on cells and tissue structures.

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  1. Y. Denizot
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  1. Institut für Pharmakologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 69-73, 14195, Berlin, Germany

    Franz von Bruchhausen

  2. Institut für Klinische Biochemie und Pathobiochemie, Medinzinische Universitätsklinik, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany

    Ulrich Walter

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Denizot, Y. (1997). Platelet-Activating Factor: Biosynthesis, Biodegradation, Actions. In: von Bruchhausen, F., Walter, U. (eds) Platelets and Their Factors. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 126. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60639-7_22

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