Abstract
The extraprotoplastic matrix of plant cells including the cell wall is here defined as apoplast. The most obvious functions associated with the apoplast are (1) establishment and maintenance of cell shape, (2) its role in turgor development, (3) uptake and transport of water, ions and metabolites as, for instance, in the root apoplast and xylem, and (4) apoplasmic assimilate loading of the phloem in many species. These topics have frequently been reviewed (Läuchli 1976; Lüttge and Higinbotham 1979; van Bel 1993; Canny 1995).
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Dietz, KJ. (1997). Functions and Responses of the Leaf Apoplast Under Stress. In: Behnke, HD., Lüttge, U., Esser, K., Kadereit, J.W., Runge, M. (eds) Progress in Botany. Progress in Botany/Fortschritte der Botanik, vol 58. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60458-4_9
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