Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly specialized antigen presenting sells (APCs) initiating primary T-lymphocyte associated immune responses. DCs are located in many non- lymphoid tissues and a specialized form of DCs — the Langerhans cell (LC) — is found in the skin. The functionality of LCs as APCs is crucial for the induction of an allergic contact dermatitis. For a long time LC research has been hampered by the limited numbers of functionally active Les which could be isolated from human skin. The addition of Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and inter-leukin-4 (IL)-4 to the non-adherent fraction of mononuclear cells generated a large amount of CD1a+ HLA-DR+ DCs. These in vitro generated DCs exhibited the morphology, phenotype and T-lymphocyte stimulating capacity of the human DC/LC system. Beside analyzing their antigen presenting capacity to stimulate allogeneic T-lymphocytes, we also tested their stimulatory capacity towards autologous T-lymphocytes in the presence of various stimulants [mitogens concanavalin A (Con A) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA); superantigen staphyloccocansaureus enterotoxin B (SEB)]. Furthermore, we tested phenotypical alterations of our in vitro generated DCs under the influence of subtoxic concentrations of different chemicals and contact sensitizers. In vitro stimulation with the contact sensitizers urushiol, primin, alanto- lactone, isoalantolactone and NiSO4 resulted in a decrease of HLA-DR expression on the surface of these cells if the incubation period did not exceed 3 h. Incubation with irritants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate and benzalkonium chloride induced an increase or no change of HLA-DR surface expression under these conditions, there was a clear cut difference between irritants and allergens. In summary this system can be used to discriminate between allergens and irritants.
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Degwert, J., Steckel, F., Hoppe, U., Kligman, L. (1997). In Vitro Model for Contact Sensitization: Stimulatory Capacities of Human Blood-Derived Dendritic Cells and Their Phenotypical Alterations in the Presence of Contact Sensitizers. In: Ring, J., Behrendt, H., Vieluf, D. (eds) New Trends in Allergy IV. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60419-5_54
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60419-5_54
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