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Current Therapy Strategies for Malignant Melanoma with Special Regard to Immunotherapy with Cytokines

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Abstract

Each part of the complex structure of the human skin and skin appendages can be the origin of a malignant tumor. Primary cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM) develops as a result of neoplastic transformation of melanocytes either in or near a precursor lesion, e.g., a nevus, or de novo in normal skin. MM is one of the most dangerous malignant tumors in general and the most common reason for the death of patients with a cutaneous neoplasia [1–5]. MM is a relatively uncommon cancer accounting for from less than 1% up to 10% of all cancers (in Germany, 1.5–2%). In 2% of the patients, cutaneous melanoma occurs under the age of 20 and in 0.3%–0.4% it occurs before puperty [6]. This tumor is quite common among the white population whereas it is relatively rare in Blacks or Asians. Over the past decades, its incidence has increased faster than that of any other cancer except for lung cancer in women. The incidence of cutaneous melanoma varies over 100-fold around the world: as low as 0.2 per 100 000 inhabitants in parts of Japan or India and up to nearly 60 per 100 000 people per year among the white population in Queensland, Australia (in Germany the incidence is about about 10/100 000). According to data of the American Cancer Society from 1995, 34 100 cases of melanoma are diagnosed and 7200 deaths result from MM each year. The lifetime risk for an individual to develop a MM has increased dramatically over the last decades: only one in 1500 people born in the year 1935 but in 75–100 people born in the year 2000 will develop a cutaneous melanoma. However, there is a positive trend with respect to the 5-year survival rate which was as low as 41% in 1940 and increased to 83% in 1980 [7–11].

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  1. W. Tilgen
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  2. S. Seiter
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  3. K. Uhl
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  1. Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Carlo Aul  & Wolfgang Schneider  & 

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Tilgen, W., Seiter, S., Uhl, K. (1997). Current Therapy Strategies for Malignant Melanoma with Special Regard to Immunotherapy with Cytokines. In: Aul, C., Schneider, W. (eds) Interferons. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60411-9_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60411-9_12

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