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Hereditärer Antithrombin-Mangel

Hintergrund, Forschung, klinische Bewertung und Herstellung

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Antithrombin — Diagnostik und Therapie
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Zusammenfassung

Antithrombin (AT, früher Antithrombin III) gehört zur Gruppe der Serinproteaseinhibitoren (Serpine), deren wesentliche Funktion in der Eliminierung im Überfluß gebildeter Proteasen besteht [21]. Das Antithrombin-Gen ist auf dem langen Arm von Chromosom 1 lokalisiert und enthält bei einer Größe von etwa 13500 Basen 7 Exone [1, 2, 11, 12, 13]. Das definitive Genprodukt stellt ein Glykoprotein mit einem Molekulargewicht von 58200 dar, wobei die 432 Aminosäuren umfassende Polypeptidkette das aktive Zentrum an der Position Arginin 393 bis Serin 394 zeigt. Das Protein enthält drei intramolekulare Disulfidbrücken und vier Glykosilie-rungspositionen. Antithrombin ist ein wichtiger zirkulierender Regulator des Hämostasesystems, wobei es, ohne daß es einer vorangehenden Aktivierung bedarf, zirkulierende Serinproteasen inhibiert. In Analogie zu anderen Serpinen, erfolgt die Proteinaseinak-tivierung durch zwei Schritte: nach Komplexbildung spaltet die Protease die Argenin (393)-Serin (394)-Bindung, wodurch es zur Konfirmationsänderung von Antithrombin und irreversiblen Protease-Inhibitor-Komplexbildung kommt [21]. Heparin - durch Bindung im aminoterminalen Bereich des Inhibitors — beschleunigt die Antithrombin-Proteinase-Komplexbildung wesentlich, wobei unter optimalen Bedingungen eine mehr als bis zu 1000-fache Beschleunigung der Inaktivierung von Thrombin durch Antithrombin berichtet wird.

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© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Riess, H. (1998). Hereditärer Antithrombin-Mangel. In: Weilemann, L.S., Schinzel, H. (eds) Antithrombin — Diagnostik und Therapie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60305-1_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60305-1_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-63635-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-60305-1

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