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Carcinoma of the Bladder pp 93–102Cite as

Staging of Bladder Cancer

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Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Radiat Oncol))

Abstract

In the Western world about 70% of patients with bladder cancer will have a superficial tumor (Tis, Ta, or T1) at first diagnosis, while only 30% will present with muscle-invasive cancer (T2, T3-4, N+, M+) (Steinberg et al. 1992). History, physical examination, urine cytology, intravenous pyelography, and endoscopy, together with adequate tissue sampling by transurethral resection (TUR), are considered to be the cornerstones of the diagnostic armamentarium. Procedures such as bimanual examination, random biopsy, ultrasonography, computer tomography, and bone scintigraphy are considered a routine part of the staging process. The invasive and metastatic behavior of bladder cancer depends on the depth of tumor invasion. We can grossly differentiate superficial tumors, which are only occasionally disseminated at first presentation, from muscle-invasive tumors, which in a significant percentage of cases are accompanied by regional or distant metastases. Both the diagnostic workup and the therapy differ significantly for these two groups, as will be discussed below.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Urological University Clinic, Aachen Technical University of Rheinisch-Westfalen (RWTH), Pauwelstraße 30, D-52055, Aachen, Germany

    W. Ijzerman MD, P. Jung MD & G. Jakse MD, PhD (Professor and Chairman)

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  1. W. Ijzerman MD
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  2. P. Jung MD
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  3. G. Jakse MD, PhD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Southern California, USC/Norris Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA

    Zbigniew Petrovich MD, FACR (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  2. Department of Urology, UZ Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Luc Baert MD, PhD (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  3. Department of Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Allegheny University Hospitals, Center City, Mail Stop 200, Broad & Vine Sts., Philadelphia, PA, 19102-1192, USA

    Luther W. Brady MD (Professor) (Professor)

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© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Ijzerman, W., Jung, P., Jakse, G. (1998). Staging of Bladder Cancer. In: Petrovich, Z., Baert, L., Brady, L.W. (eds) Carcinoma of the Bladder. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60258-0_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60258-0_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64323-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-60258-0

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