Abstract
This document presents some recent results and ideas from the University of California (Berkeley) traffic operations group, and at the same time discusses the role of traffic flow modeling in traffic management and control. It stresses the steps that can be taken to reduce congestion and improve traffic efficiency, and how traffic models and theories fit within this picture.
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References
One possible approach that seems to be reliable is explained in: “Methodology for assessing dynamics of freeway traffic flow,(M. Cassidy and J. Windover), Trans. Res. Rec. 1484, 73–79, 1995”.
See “Incident detection with data from loop surveillance systems: The role of wave analysis. (W.H. Lin) PhD thesis, Dept of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 1995.” This reference also discusses the state of the art in incident detection.
Some interesting figures can be found in “Some traffic features at freeway bottlenecks. (M. Cassidy and R. Bertini) Institute of Transportation Studies Research Report ITS-RR-97–07, U. of California, Berkeley, CA, 1997; Trans. Res. A. (in press),” and also in not yet published work by M. Mauch.
A detailed explanation of the theory can be found in Sec. 2 of “The nature of freeway gridlock and how to prevent it,(C. Daganzo) in Transportation and Traffic Theory,pp. 629–646, J.B. Lesort, editor, Pergamon-Elsevier, New York, N.Y., 1996.” This reference also describes the implications of the theory for ramp metering.
A detailed explanation of the theory, including its discretization for computer calculation, can be found in Secs. 3.3 and 4 of “The cell transmission model part II: network traffic. (C. Daganzo) Trans. Res. 29B, 79–93, 1995”.
This phenomenon has been reported in “Experimental properties of phase transitions in traffic flow. (B. Kerner and H. Rehborn) Phys. Rev. Let. 79, 4030–4033, 1997”.
If queue spillovers fill a ring road with a queue, a gridlock process is started where traffic conditions gradually worsen. See “The nature of freeway gridlock (op. cit.)”
The data for this experiment have been posted on the World Wide Web at: http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/Programs/Transportation/Daganzo/spdr. html.
The connection between these changes in slope and kinematic waves was noted in“A simplified theory of kinematic waves in highway traffic, I general theory, II queuing at freeway bottlenecks, III multi-destination flows (G.F. Newell) Trans. Res. 27B, 281–313, 1993”.
See “Empirical studies of the dynamic features of freeway traffic. (J.R. Windover) PhD Dissertation, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 1998” for an extensive statistical analysis of these waves.
See “The NETCELL simulation package: technical description (R. Cayford, W. Lin, and C. Daganzo) California PATH research report UCB-ITS-PRR-97–23, University of California, Berkeley, 1997”.
This idea and its disturbing logical consequences are explored in: “Effect of queue spillovers on transportation networks with a route choice,(C. Daganzo) Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Report, UCB-ITS-RR-96–1, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, 1996; Trans. Sci. in press”.
The dangers of controlling a system in which drivers can change routes by simple feedback mechanisms are well known; see for example: “Traffic control and route choice; a simple example. (M.J. Smith) Trans. Res. 13B, 289–295, 1979”.
A recent review of the ramp metering literature can be found in “Traffic control on metered networks without route choice (D.J. Lovell) PhD Dissertation, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 1997”.
Daganzo, C., Cassidy, M., Bertini, R. (1998),Possible Explanations of Phase Transitions in Highway Traffic,to be published in Transportation Research.
Smilowitz, K., Daganzo, C., Cassidy, M., Bertini, R. (1998) Some Observations of Highway Traffic in Long Queues, Research Report, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California.
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© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Daganzo, C.F. (1999). Remarks on Traffic Flow Modeling and Its Applications. In: Brilon, W., Huber, F., Schreckenberg, M., Wallentowitz, H. (eds) Traffic and Mobility. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60236-8_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60236-8_7
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