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Estrogens and Antiestrogens II pp 323–351Cite as

Toxicology of Estrogens and Antiestrogens

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Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 135 / 2))

Abstract

The toxicological assessment of estrogens is complicated by the fact that the endocrine glands of the body interact by complex feedback mechanisms in order to maintain normal status, so that the administration of exogenous hormone can have repercussions that may not be attributable directly to the hormone itself (HEYWOOD and WADSWORTH 1980). EDGREN (1994) stated that predicting clinical effects from laboratory animal research was particularly difficult in the case of contraceptive steroids, and HEYWOOD (1986) concluded that it was unlikely that no-effect levels could be established with any steroid administered to give greater-than-physiologicallevels. Further problems in the toxicological assessment of estrogens arise from species differences in reproduction processes that make it difficult to extrapolate from one species to another, especially to humans. These species differences include:

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Zimmermann, H. (1999). Toxicology of Estrogens and Antiestrogens. In: Estrogens and Antiestrogens II. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 135 / 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60107-1_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60107-1_16

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