Skip to main content

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Patterns and Their Underlying Causes

  • Chapter
The Wadden Sea Ecosystem

Abstract

Temporal developments of dissolved nutrients, phytoplankton and zooplankton in the water column were investigated on different time scales from 1994 to 1996. Measurements of single tidal cycles allowed to assess the fate of some species in the Wadden Sea. Dissolved nutrients showed some regularly recurring patterns, which could be explained by the tidal mixing of water bodies with different nutrient concentrations. Seasonal cycles of the nutrients, phytoplankton and zooplankton showed a large interannual variability. Timing and extension of algal blooms influenced the occurrence of many meroplanktonic larvae. Most of the algal species in the backbarrier system of Spiekeroog were part of the phytobenthos and the phytoplankton.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

Distribution of Nutrients, Algae and Zooplankton in the Spiekeroog Backbarrier System

  • Asmus R, Asmus H (1991) Mussel beds: limiting or promoting phytoplankton? J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 148: 215–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asmus R, Asmus H (1998) Bedeutung der Organismengemeinschaften für den benthopelagischen Stoffaustausch im Sylt-Rømø Wattenmeer. In: Gütje C, Reise K (Eds) Ökosystem Wattenmeer. Austausch-, Transport- und Stoffumwandlungsprozesse. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 257–302

    Google Scholar 

  • Baars JWM (1979) Autecological investigations on marine diatoms. I. Experimental results in biogeographical studies. Hydrobiol Bull 13: 123–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bachelet G (1986) Recruitment and year-to-year variability in a population of Macoma balthica (L.). Hydrobiologia 142: 233–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baillie PW, Welsh BL (1980) The effect of tidal resuspenion on the distribution of intertidal epipelagic algae in an estuary. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 10: 165–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin BS, Newell RIE (1991) Omivorous feeding by planktotrophic larvae of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 78: 285–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bauerfeind E, Hickel W, Niermann U, Westernhagen HU (1990) Phytoplankton biomass and potential nutrient limitation of phytoplankton development in the southeastern North Sea in spring 1985 and 1986. Neth J Sea Res 25: 131–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boero F (1994) Fluctuations and variations in coastal marine environments. P.S.Z.N.I. Mar Ecol 15: 3–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buhr K-J (1981) Auswirkungen des kalten Winters 1978/79 auf das Makrobenthos der Lanice-Siedlung im Weser-Ästuar. Veröff Inst Meeresforsch Bremerh 19: 115–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Cadee GC (1986) Recurrent and changing seasonal patterns in phytoplankton of the westernmost inlet of the Dutch Wadden Sea from 1969 to 1985. Mar Biol 93:281–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cadee GC, Hegemann J (1991) Historical phytoplankton data of the Marsdiep. Hydrobiol Bull 24(2) 111–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dame R, Dankers N, Prins T, Jongsma H, Smaal A (1991) The influence of mussel beds on nutrients in the western Wadden Sea and eastern Scheldt Estuaries. Estuaries 14: 130–138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Jonge VN, Postma H (1974) Phosphorus compounds in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Neth J Sea Res 8: 139–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Jonge F, Bakker JF, Dahl K, Dankers N, Harke H, Jäppelt W, KoBmagk-Stephan K, Madsen PB (Eds), (1993) Quality status report of the North Sea. The Wadden Sea. The Common Wadden Sea Secretariat Wilhelmshaven

    Google Scholar 

  • de Jonge VN, v. Beusekom JEE (1992) Contribution of resuspended microphytobenthos to total phytoplankton in the Ems estuary and its possible role for the grazers. Neth J Sea Res 30: 91–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Jonge VN, v. Beusekom JEE (1995) Wind and tide induced resuspension of sediment and microphytobenthos from tidal flats in the Ems estuary. Limnol Oceanogr 40: 766–778

    Google Scholar 

  • Donaghay PL, Small LF (1979) Food selection capabilities of the estuarine copepod Acartia clausi. Mar Biol 52: 137–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drebes G (1974) Marines Phytoplankton. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Drebes G, Elbrachter M (1976) A checklist of planktonic diatoms and dinoflagellates from Helgoland and List (Sylt) German Bight. Bot Mar 19: 75–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elbrachter M, Rahmel J, Hanslik M (1994) Phaeocystis im Wattenmeer. In: Lozán, JL, Rachor E, Reise K, von Westerhagen H, Lenz W (Eds). Warnsignale aus dem Wattenmeer. Blackwell, Berlin, pp 87–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Gehm G (1996) Nährsalzverteilung in der bodennahen Grenzschicht des Wattenmeeres. Diplom-Arbeit, Universität Oldenburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillbricht, M., (1988) Phytoplankton and nutrients in the Helgoland region. Helgoländer Meeresunters 42: 435–467

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grasshoff K, Ehrhard M, Kremling K (Eds), (1983) Methods of Seawater Analysis. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  • Grøntved J (1952) Investigations on the phytoplankton in the southern North Sea in May 1947. Medd Komm Danm Fisk Havund Ser Plankton 5,5: 1–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunther, CP, Boysen-Ennen E, Niesel V, Hasemann C, Heuers J, Bittkau A, Fetzer I, Nacken M, Schluter M & Jaklin S, (1998) Observation of a mass occurrence of Macoma balthica larvae in midsummer. J Sea Res 40: 347–351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hickel W, Berg J, Treutner K (1992) Variability in phytoplankton biomass in the German Bight near Helgoland, 1980-1990. ICES mar Sci Symp 195: 249–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Himmelman JH (1975) Phytoplankton as a stimulans for spawning in three marine invertebrates. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 20: 199–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Honkoop PJC, van der Meer J (1997) Reproductive output of Macoma balthica populations in relation to winter-temperature and intertidal-height mediated changes of body mass. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 149: 155–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Höpner T (1996) Schwarze Tage im Nationalpark Wattenmeer. Spektrum der Wissenschaft, 8/96: pp 16–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Hüttel M, Ziebis W, Forster S (1996) Flow-induced uptake of particulate matter in permeable sediments. Limnol Oceanogr 41: 309–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Irigoien X, Castel J, Gasparini S (1996) Gut clearance rate as predictor of food limitation situations. Application to two estuarine copepods: Acartia bifilosa and Eurythemora affinis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 131: 159–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jahnke J (1987) The light and temperature dependence of growth rate and elemental composition of Phaeocystis globosa SCHERFFEL and P. pouchetii (HAR.) LAGERH. in batch cultures. Neth J Sea Res 23: 15–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen HS, Mortensen PB, Andersen, FO, Rasmussen E & Jansen A (1995) Phosphorus cycling in coastal marine sediment, Aarhus Bay, Denmark. Limnol Oceanogr 40 (5) 908–917

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jørgensen CB (1981) Mortality, growth, and grazing impact of a cohort of bivalve larvae, Mytilus edulis L. Ophelia 20: 186–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall N (1967) Some characteristics of the epibenthic environment of tidal shoales. Chesapeake Science 8: 155–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martens P, Elbrächter M (1998) Zeitliche und räumliche Variabilität der Mikronährstoffe und des Planktons im Sylt-Rømø Wattenmeer. In: Gätje C Reise K (Eds) Ökosystem Wattenmeer. Austausch-, Transport- und Stoffumwandlungsprozesse, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 65–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Niesel V (1997) Populationsdynamische und ökophysiologische Konsequenzen des Wattaufenthaltes für Phytoplankter der Nordsee. Forschungszentrum Terramare - Berichte, 7: 1–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Petri G, Vareschi E (1997) Utilization of Phaeocystis globosa colonies by young Mytilus edulis. Arch Fish Mar Res 45 (1) 77–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Postma H (1984) Introduction to the symposium on organic matter in the Wadden Sea. Neth Inst. Sea Res Publ Ser 10: 15–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Roskam PT (1970) De verontreinigung van de zee. Chemisch Weekblad, pp 57-59

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider G, Hickel W, Martens P (1998) Lateraler Autausch von Nähr- und Schwebstoffen zwischen dem Nordsylter Wattgebiet und der Nordsee. In: Gätje C, Reise K (Eds) Ökosystem Wattenmeer. Austausch-, Transport- und Stoffumwandlungsprozesse. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 341–366

    Google Scholar 

  • Shanks AL, del Carmen KA (1997) Larval polychaetes are strongly associated with marine snow. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 154: 211–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shum KT (1993) The effects of wave-induced pore water circulation on the transport of reactive solutes below a rippled sediment bed. J Geophys Res 98: 10284–10301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Small, AC & Twisk F (1997) Filtration and absorption of Phaeocystis cf. globosa by the mussel Mytilus edulis L. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 209: 33–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Starr M, Himmelman JH, Therriault J-C (1991) Coupling of nauplii release in barnacles with phytoplankton blooms: a parallel strategy to that of spawning in urchins and mussels. J Plankt Res 13: 561–571

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Utermohl H (1958) Zur Vervollkommnung der quantitativen Phytoplanktonmethodik. Mitt Int Verh Theor Angew Limnol 9: 1–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Valiela I (1995) Marine Ecological Processes. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

Biogeochemical Processes in Tidal Flat Sediments and Mutual Interactions with Macrobenthos

  • Alongi DM, Hanson RB (1985) Effect of detritus supply on trophic relationships within experimental benthic food webs. II. Microbial responses, fate and composition of decomposing detritus. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 88: 167–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alongi DM, Tenore KR (1985) Effect of detritus supply on trophic relationships within experimental benthic food webs. I. Meiofauna-Polychaete (Capitella capitata (Type 1) Fabricius) interactions. J Exp Biol Ecol 88: 153–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson FO, Kristensen E (1988) The influence of macrofauna on estuarine benthic community metabolism: a microcosm study. Marine Biology 99: 591–603

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asmus H (1994) Bedeutung der Muscheln und Austern für das Ökosystem Wattenmeer. In: Lozán LJ, Rachor E, Reise K, von Westernhagen H, Lenz W (Eds) Warnsignale aus dem Wattenmeer. Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin, pp 127–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Asmus H, Asmus RM, Reise K (1990) Exchange processes in an intertidal mussel bed: a Syltflume study in the Wadden Sea. Berichte der Biologischen Anstalt Helgoland 6: 1–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Asmus H, Lackschewitz D, Asmus R, Scheiffarth G, Nehls G & Herrmann, J-P (1998b) Carbon flow in the food web of tidal flats in the Sylt-Römö Wadden Sea. In: Gätje C & Reise K (Eds). Ökosystem Wattenmeer. Austausch-, Transport- und Stoffumwandlungsprozesse. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 393–420

    Google Scholar 

  • Asmus RM, Asmus H (1991) Mussel beds: limiting or promoting phytoplankton? J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 148: 215–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asmus R, Jensen MH, Murphy D & Doerffer, R (1998a). Primary production of microphytobenthos, phytoplankton and the annual yield of macrophytic biomass in the Sylt-Römö Wadden Sea. In: Gätje C & Reise K (Eds). Ökosystem Wattenmeer. Austausch-, Transport- und Stoffumwandlungsprozesse. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 367–391

    Google Scholar 

  • Behrends B (1997) Aminosauren in Sedimenten und Partikeln des Wattenmeeres. Dissertation, Universität Oldenburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergfeld C (1996) Die Makrofauna-Besiedlung auf der Swinnplate im Riickseitenwatt der Insel Spiekeroog, Ostfriesisches Wattenmeer, Diplomarbeit, Universität Gottingen

    Google Scholar 

  • Billen G (1978) A budget of nitrogen recycling in North Sea sediments off the Belgian coast. Estuarine Coastal and Marine Science 7: 127–146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blackburn TH (1988) Benthic mineralization and bacterial production. In: Wiley J & Sons Nitrogen Cycling in Coastal Marine Sediments, Chichester, pp 175-190

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouvy M, Soyer J (1989) Benthic seasonality in an intertidal mud flat at Kerguelen Islands (Austral. Ocean). Relationships between meiofaunal abundance and their potential food web. Polar Biol 10: 19–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Canfield DE, Thamdrup B, Hansen JW (1993) The anaerobic degradation of organic matter in Danish coastal sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 57: 3867–3883

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Currie RI (1962) Pigments in zooplankton faeces. Nature 193: 956–957

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dahlbäck B, Gunnarsson LAH (1981) Sedimentation and sulphate reduction under a mussel culture. Marine Biology 63: 269–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dame RF, Dankers N (1988) Uptake and release of materials by a Wadden Sea mussel bed. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 118:207–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dame RF, Spurrier JD, Wolaver TG (1989) Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus processing by an intertidal oyster reef. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 54: 249–256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daumas R (1990) Contribution of the water-sediment interface to the transformation of biogenic substances: application to nitrogen compounds. Hydrobiologia 207: 15–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dauwe B (1999) Organic matter quality in North Sea sediments. PhD thesis, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen

    Google Scholar 

  • Delafontaine MT (1995) Organogene Bestandteile - Feinfraktionen. In: Krögel F (Ed) Ökologische Begleituntersuchungen zum Projekt “Europipe” - Teilprojekt Sedimentologie. Jahresbericht für 1994. Senckenberg am Meer Bericht 95: 59-60

    Google Scholar 

  • Delafontaine MT (1996) Organogene Bestandteile - Feinfraktionen. In: Krögel F (Ed) Ökologische Begleituntersuchungen zum Projekt “Europipe” - Teilprojekt Sedimentologie. Jahresbericht für 1995. Senckenberg am Meer Bericht 96/1: 78-80

    Google Scholar 

  • Delafontaine MT, Bartholomä A, Flemming BW, Kurmis R (1996) Volume-specific dry POC mass in surficial intertidal sediments: a comparison between biogenic muds and adjacent sand flats. Senckenbergiana marit 26: 167–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Diaz RJ, Rosenberg R (1995) Marine benthic hypoxia: a review of its ecological effects and behavioural responses of marine macrofauna. Oceanogr. Mar Biol Ann Rev 33: 245–303

    Google Scholar 

  • Dittmann S (1987) Die Bedeutung der Biodeposite für die Benthosgemeinschaft der Wattsedimente. Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Miesmuschel Mytilus edulis. Dissertation, Universität Göttingen

    Google Scholar 

  • Dittmann S (1990) Mussel beds - amensalism or amelioration for intertidal fauna? Helgolander Meeresunters 44: 335–352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doering PH, Kelly JR, Oviatt CA, Sowers T (1987) Effect of the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria on benthic fluxes of inorganic nutrients and gases. Mar Biol 94: 377–383

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ebenhöh W (1996) Schwarze Flächen im Watt - ein mathematisches Modell. UBA-Texte 64/96: 71–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenchel T, Blackburn TH (1979) Bacteria and Mineral Cycling. Academic Press Inc., London

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenchel T, Riedl RJ (1970) The sulphide system: a new biotic community underneath the oxidized layer of marine sand bottoms. Marine Biology 7: 255–268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forster S (1991) Die Bedeutung biogener Strukturen fur den Sauerstofffluß im Sediment. Ber Inst Meeresk, Kiel 206

    Google Scholar 

  • Giblin AE, Foreman KH, Banta GT (1995) Biogeochemical processes and marine benthic community structure: which follows which? In: Jones CG, Lawton JH (Eds) Linking Species and Ecosystems. Chapman & Hall, Inc., pp 37-44

    Google Scholar 

  • Giere O, Pfannkuche O (1982) Biology and ecology of marine Oligochaeta. A review. Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 20: 173–308

    Google Scholar 

  • Graf G (1987) Benthic energy flow during a simulated autumn bloom sedimentation. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 39: 23–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graf G (1992) Benthic-pelagic coupling: a benthic view. Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 30: 149–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Graf G, Schulz R, Peinert R, Meyer-Reil L-A (1983) Benthic response to sedimentation events during autumn to spring at a shallow-water station in the Western Kiel Bight. - I. Analysis of processes on a community level. Marine Biology 77: 235–246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grenz C, Hermin M-N, Baudinet D, Daumas R (1990) In situ biochemical and bacterial variation of sediments enriched with mussel biodeposits. Hydrobiologia 207: 153–160

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen LS, Blackburn TH (1991) Aerobic and anaerobic mineralization of organic material in marine sediment microcosms. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 75: 283–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hertweck G (1992) Distribution patterns of benthos and lebensspuren in the Spiekeroog backbarrier tidal flat area (southern North Sea). In: Flemming BW (Ed) Abstr Vol Symp Tidal Clastics’92, Wilhelmshaven. Cour Forsch-Inst Senckenberg 151: 39–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Hild A (1997) Geochemie der Sedimente und Schwebstoffe im Rückseitenwatt von Spiekeroog und ihre Beeinflussung durch biologische Aktivitat. Forschungszentrum Terramare Berichte Nr. 5

    Google Scholar 

  • Höpner T, Michaelis H (1994) Sogenannte “schwarze Flecken” - ein Eutrophierungssymptom des Wattenmeeres. In: Lozan JL, Rachor E, Reise K, v. Westernhagen H & Lenz W (Eds) Warnsignale aus dem Wattenmeer. Blackwell, Berlin, pp 153–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Jørgensen BB (1980) Seasonal oxygen depletion in the bottom waters of a Danish fjord and its effect on the benthic community. Oikos 34: 68–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kautsky N, Evans S (1987) Role of biodeposition by Mytilus edulis in the circulation of matter and nutrients in a Baltic coastal ecosystem. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 38: 201–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirchner M (1995) Microbial colonization of copepod body surfaces and chitin degradation in the sea. Helgolander Meeresunters 49: 201–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klump JV, Martens CS (1981) Biogeochemical cycling in an organic rich coastal marine basin -2. Nutrient sediment-water exchange processes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 45: 101–121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kosfeld C (1989) Mikrobieller Abbau von Faeces der Miesmuschel (Mytilus edulis L.). Dissertation, Christian Albrechts Universitat, Kiel

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreeger DA, Langdon CJ, Newell RIE (1988) Utilization of refractory cellulosic carbon derived from Spartina alterniflora by the ribbed mussel Geukensia demissa. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 42: 171–179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krögel F (1997) Einfluß von Viskosität und Dichte des Seewassers auf Transport und Ablagerung von Wattsedimenten (Langeooger Rückseitenwatt, stidliche Nordsee). Dissertation, Universität Bremen

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroncke I (1996) Impact of biodeposition on macrofaunal communities in intertidal sand flats. P.S.Z.N.I. Mar Ecol 17: 159–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langner I (1997) Statistische Klassifizierung der räumlichen und zeitlichen Heterogenität von Nährstoffkonzentrationen im Porenwasser von Wattsedimenten. Identifizierung von räumlichen Mustern und zeitlichen Entwicklungen. Forschungszentrum Terramare Berichte Nr. 6

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin LA Huggett, CL, Wishner KF (1991) Control of deep-sea benthic community structure by oxygen and organic matter gradients in the eastern Pacific Ocean. J Mar Res 49: 763–800

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lochte K (1993) Mikrobiologie von Tiefseesedimenten. In: Meyer-Reil L-A, Koster M (Eds) Mikrobiologie des Meeresbodens. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, pp 258–278

    Google Scholar 

  • Malcolm SJ, Sivyer DB (1997) Nutrient recycling in intertidal sediments. In: Jickells TD, Rae JE (Eds) Biogeochemistry of Intertidal Sediments. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 84–98

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer-Reil L-A, Faubel A (1980) Uptake of organic matter by meiofauna organisms and interrelationships with bacteria. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 3: 251–256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Middelburg J J, Klaver G, Nieuwenhuize J, Wielemaker A, de Haas W, Vlug T, van der Nat JFWA (1996) Organic matter mineralization in intertidal sediments along an estuarine gradient. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 132: 157–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy RC, Kremer JN (1985) Bivalve contribution to benthic metabolism in a California lagoon. Estuaries 8: 330–341

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nixon SW, Oviatt CA, Garber J, Lee V (1976) Diel metabolism and nutrient dynamics in a salt marsh embayment. Ecology 57: 740–750

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oost AP (1995) The influence of biodeposits of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis on fine-grained sedimentation in the temperate-climate Dutch Wadden Sea. Geologica Ultraiectina 126: 359–400

    Google Scholar 

  • Partiali V, Tangen K, Liaaen-Jensen S (1989) Carotenoids in food chain studies - III. Resorption and metabolic transformation of carotenoids in Mytilus edulis (edible mussel). ComS Biochem Physiol 92B: 239–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paul EA, Voroney RS (1984) Field interpretation of microbial biomass activity measurements. In: Klug MJ, Redy CA (Eds) Current Perspectives in Microbial Ecology. ASM, Washington, pp 509–514

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson TH, Rosenberg R (1978) Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment. Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 16: 229–311

    Google Scholar 

  • Postma H (1988) Tidal flat areas. In: Jansson B-O (Ed) Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies: Coastal - Offshore Ecosystem Interactions. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 102–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichert W (1988) Impact of bioturbation by Arenicola marina on microbiological parameters in intertidal sediments. Marine Ecology 44: 149–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Relexans J-C, Lin RG, Castel J, Etcheber H, Laborde S (1992) Response of biota to sedimentary organic matter quality of the West Gironde mud patch, Bay of Biscay (France). Oceanologica Acta 15: 639–649

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhoads DC (1974) Organism-sediment relations on the muddy sea floor. Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 12: 256–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhoads DC, Boyer LF (1982) The effects of marine benthos on physical properties of sediments. In: McCall SL, Tevesz MJS (Eds) Animal-Sediment Relations. Topics in Geobiology (FG Stehli, Ser. Eds) pp 1-51

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhoads DC, McCall SL, Yingst JY (1978) Disturbance and production on the estuarine sea floor. Am J Sci 66: 577–586

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudnick DT (1989) Time lags between the deposition and meiobenthic assimilation of phytodetritus. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 50: 231–240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salomons W, Mook WG (1981) Field observations of the isotopic composition of particulate carbon in the southern North Sea and adjacent estuaries. Mar Geol 41: Ml1–M20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt K, Jonasdottir SH (1997) Nutritional quality of two cyanobacteria: how rich is poor food? Mar Ecol Prog Ser 151: 1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smaal AC, Prins TC (1993) The uptake of organic matter and the release of inorganic nutrients by bivalve suspension feeder beds. In: R.F. Dame. (Ed) Bivalve filter feeders in Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystem Processes. Nato ASI Series G, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York. Vol. 33: 271–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Smaal AC (1997) Food supply and demand of bivalve suspension feeders in a tidal system. PhD thesis, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen

    Google Scholar 

  • Snelgrove PVR, Butman CA (1994) Animal-sediment relationships revisited: cause versus effect. Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 32: 111–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Sørensen J, Jørgensen BB (1987) Early diagenesis in sediments from Danish coastal waters: microbial activity and Mn-Fe-S geochemistry. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51: 1583–1590

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sørensen J, Jørgensen BB, Revsbech NP (1979) A comparison of oxygen, nitrate and sulphate respiration in a coastal marine sediment. Microbial Ecology 5: 105–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stoeck T (1996) Gesamtadenylate, DNA und Gesamtkeimzahl als Parameter zur Bestimmung der mikrobiellen Biomasse und Adenylate Energy Charge und RNA/DNA-Verhältnis als Parameter zur Bestimmung der mikrobiellen Aktivität in der biosedimentären Ablagerungsfahne einer Muschelbank (Mytilus edulis) im Niedersachsischen Wattenmeer. Diplomarbeit, Universität Kaiserslautern

    Google Scholar 

  • Stumm W, Morgan JJ (1996) Aquatic chemistry. Chemical equilibria and rate in natural waters. Wiley Interscience Publications

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiermann F, Niemeyer A-S, Giere O (1996) Variations in the sulphide regime and the distribution of macrofauna in an intertidal flat in the North Sea. Helgoländer Meeresunters 50: 87–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Volkman JK (1986) A review of sterol markers for marine and terrigenous organic matter. Organic Geochemistry 9: 83–99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkman JK, Johns RB, Gillian FT, Perry GJ (1980) Microbial lipids of an intertidal sediment -1. Fatty acids and hydrocarbons. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 44: 1133–1143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weston DS (1990) Quantitative examination of macrobenthic community changes along an organic enrichment gradient. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 61: 233–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yingst JY, Rhoads DC (1980) The role of bioturbation in the enhancement of bacterial growth rates in marine sediments. In: Tenore KR, Coull BC (Eds) Marine Benthic Dynamics, pp 407-422

    Google Scholar 

  • Zak J, Willig RM, Moorehead DL, Wildman HG (1994) Functional diversity of microbial communities: a quantitative approach. Soil Biol Biochem 26: 1101–1108

    Article  Google Scholar 

Settlement, Secondary Dispersal and Turnover Rate of Benthic Macrofauna

  • Armonies W (1992) Migratory rhythms of drifting juvenile molluscs in tidal waters of the Wadden Sea. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 83: 197–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armonies W (1994) Turnover of postlarval bivalves in sediments of tidal flats in Konigshafen (German Wadden Sea). Helgoländer Meeresunters 48: 291–297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armonies W (1998) Driftendes Benthos im Wattenmeer: Spielball der Gezeitenstromungen? In: Gätje C, Reise K (Eds) Ökosystem Wattenmeer. Austausch-, Transport- und Stoffumwandlungsprozesse. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 473–498

    Google Scholar 

  • Bayne BL (1964) Primary and secondary settlement in Mytilus edulis L. (Mollusca). J Anim Ecol 33: 513–523

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beukema JJ (1979) Biomass and species richness of the macrobenthic animals living on a tidal flat area in the Dutch Wadden Sea: effects of a severe winter. Neth J Sea Res 13: 203–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beukema JJ (1989) Long-term changes in macrozoobenthic abundance on the tidal flats of the western part of the Dutch Wadden Sea. Helgolander Meeresunters 43: 405–415

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beukema JJ, de Vlas J (1979) Population parameters of the lugworm Arenicola marina, living on tidal flats in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Neth J Sea Res 13: 331–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhaud MR, Cazaux CP (1990) Buoyancy characteristics of Lanice conchilega (Pallas) larvae (Terebellidae). Implications for settlement. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 141: 31–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandt G, Fleßner J, Glaser D, Kaiser R, Karow H, Münkewarf G, Niemeyer HD (1995) Dokumentation zur hydrographischen Frühjahrs-Meßkampagne 1994 der Ökosystemforschung Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer im Einzugsgebiet der Otzumer Balje. Berichte zur Ökosystemforschung- Hydrographie Nr. 8

    Google Scholar 

  • Butman CA (1987) Larval settlement of soft-sediment invertebrates: The spatial scales of pattern explained by active habitat selection and the emerging role of hydrodynamical processes. Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 25: 113–165

    Google Scholar 

  • Butman CA, Grassle JP. Webb CM (1988) Substrat choices made by marine larvae settling in still water and in a flume flow. Nature 333: 771–773

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carey DA (1983) Particle resuspension in the benthic boundary layer induced by flow around polychaete tubes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 40 (Suppl. 1): 301–308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carey DA (1987) Sedimentological effects and palaeoecological implications of the tubebuilding polychaete Lanice conchilega Pallas. Sedimentology 34: 49–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuomo MC (1985) Sulphide as a larval settlement cue for Capitella sp. I. Biogeochemistry 1: 169–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daro MH, Polk P (1973) The autecology of Polydora ciliata along the Belgian coast. Neth J Sea Res 6: 130–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dubilier N (1988) H2S - A settlement cue or a toxic substance for Capitella sp.I larvae? Biol. Bull 174: 30–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Günther C-P (1990) Zur Ökologie von Muschelbrut im Wattenmeer. Dissertation, Universität Bremen

    Google Scholar 

  • Günther C-P (1991) Settlement of Macoma balthica on an intertidal sandflat in the Wadden Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 76: 73–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Günther C-P (1992) Settlement and recruitment of Mya arenaria in the Wadden Sea. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 159: 203–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey M, Bourget E (1995) Experimental evidence of passive accumulation of marine bivalve larvae on filamentous epibenthic structures. Limnol Oceanogr 40 (1) 94–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heiber W, (1988) Die Faunengemeinschaft einer großen Stromrinne des Wurster Wattengebietes (Deutsche Bucht). Dissertation, Universität Bonn

    Google Scholar 

  • Heuers J (1998) Ansiedlung, Dispersion, Rekrutierung und Störungen als strukturierende Faktoren benthischer Gemeinschaften im Eulitoral. Dissertation, Universität Bremen

    Google Scholar 

  • Heuers J, Jaklin S, Zühlke R, Dittmann S, Günther C-P, Hildenbrandt H, Grimm V (1998) A model on the distribution and abundance of the tube-building polychaete Lanice conchilega (Pallas, 1766) in the intertidal of the Wadden Sea. Verhandlungen Ges Ökologie 28: 207–215

    Google Scholar 

  • Honkoop PJC, van der Meer J (1997) Reproductive output of Macoma balthica populations in relation to winter-temperature and intertidal-height mediated changes of body mass. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 149: 155–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ibanez F, Dauvin J-C (1988) Long-term changes (1977-1987) in a muddy fine sand Abra alba -Melinna palmata community from the Western English Channel: multivariate time-series analysis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 49: 65–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaklin S, Günther C-P (1996) Macrobenthic driftfauna at the Gröninger Plate. Senckenbergiana marit 26: 127–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Kessler M (1963) Die Entwicklung von Lanice conchilega (Pallas) mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Lebensweise. Helgoländer Wiss Meeresunters 8: 425–476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Obert B (1982) Bodenfauna der Watten und Strände um Borkum - Emsmtindung. Jber. 1981, Forsch.-Stelle f. Insel- und Ktistenschutz, Norderney 33: 139–162

    Google Scholar 

  • Pawlik JR (1986) Chemical induction of larval settlement and metamorphosis in the reefbuilding tube worm Phragmatopoma califarnica (Sabellarüdae: Polychaeta). Mar Biol 91: 59–68

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reise K (1985) Tidal flat ecology. An experimental approach to species interactions Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez SR, Ojeda FP, Inestrosa NC (1993) Settlement of benthic marine invertebrates. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 97: 193–207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith CR, Brumsickle SJ (1989) The effects of patch size and substrate isolation on colonization modes and rates in an intertidal sediment. Limnol Oceanogr 34: 1263–1277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zühlke R, Blome D, van Bernem KH, Dittmann S (1998) Effects of the tube-building polychaete Lanice conchilega (Pallas) on benthic macrofauna and nematodes in an intertidal sandflat. Senckenbergiana marit 29: 131–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

Modelling the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Lanice Conchilega

  • Brandt G, Fleßner J, Glaser D, Kaiser R, Karow H, Münkewarf G, Niemeyer HD (1995) Dokumentation zur hydrographischen Frühjahrs-Meßkampagne 1994 der Ökosystemforschung Niedersachsisches Wattenmeer im Einzugsgebiet der Otzumer Balje. Berichte zur Okosystemforschung- Hydrographie Nr. 8, Nieders. Landesamt fiir Okologie - Forschungstelle Küste, Norderney

    Google Scholar 

  • Butman CA (1986) Larval settlement of soft-sediment invertebrates: Some predictions based on an analysis of near-bottom velocity profiles. In: Nihoul JCJ (Ed) Marine Interfaces Ecohydrodynamics. Elsevier, pp 487-513

    Google Scholar 

  • Carey DA (1983) Particle resuspension in the benthic boundary layer induced by flow around polychaete tubes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci, 40 (Suppl. 1): 301–308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eckman JE (1983) Hydrodynamic processes affecting benthic recruitment. Limnol Oceanogr 28: 241–257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Friedrichs M (1996) Auswirkungen von Polychaetenrohren auf die Wasser-Sediment-Grenzschicht. Diplomarbeit, Universität Kiel

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey M, Bourget E, Ingram RG (1995) Experimental evidence of passive accumulation of marine bivalve larvae on filamentous epibenthic structures. Limnol Oceanogr 40: 94–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hertweck G (1995) Verteilung charakteristischer Sedimentkorper und Benthossiedlungen im Rückseitenwatt der Insel Spiekeroog, südliche Nordsee. I. Ergebnisse der Wattkartierung 1988-92. Senckenbergiana marit 26: 81–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Heuers J, Jaklin S, Zühlke R, Dittmann S, Gunther C-P, Hildenbrandt H, Grimm V (1998) A model on the distribution and abundance of the tube-building polychaete Lanice conchilega (Pallas, 1766) in the intertidal of the Wadden Sea. Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Ökologie 28: 207–215

    Google Scholar 

  • Sand-Jensen K, Mebus JR (1996) Fine-scale patterns of water velocity within macrophyte patches in streams. Oikos 76: 169–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

Biotic Interactions in a Lanice conchilega-Dominated Tidal Flat

  • Alongi DM (1987) The influence of mangrove-derived tannins on intertidal meiobenthos in tropical estuaries. Oecologia 71: 537–540

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armonies W (1992) Migratory rhythms of drifting juvenile molluscs in tidal waters of the Wadden Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 83: 197–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armonies W (1994) Drifting meio- and macrobenthic invertebrates on tidal flats in Königshafen: a review. Helgoländer Meeresunters 48: 299–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bell SS (1985) Habitat complexity of polychaete tube-caps: Influence of architecture on dynamics of a meioepibenthic assemblage. J Mar Res 43: 647–671

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bell SS, Woodin S (1984) Community unity: experimental evidence for meiofauna and macrofauna. J Mar Res 42: 605–632

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beukema JJ (1979) Biomass and species richness of the macrobenthos animals living on a tidal flat area in the Dutch Wadden Sea: effects of a severe winter. Neth J Sea Res 13: 203–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blome D (1996) An inventory of the free-living marine nematodes of the East Frisian Wadden Sea including the estuaries of the rivers Ems, Jade and Weser. Senckenbergiana marit 26: 107–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Blome D, Schleier U, van Bernem K-H (1999) Analysis of the small-scale spatial pattern of free-living marine nematodes from tidal flats in the East Frisian Wadden Sea. Marine Biology 133:717–726

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carey DA (1987) Sedimentological effects and palaeoecological implications of the tubebuilding polychaete Lanice conchilega (Pallas). Sedimentology 34: 49–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dauer DM, Tourtelotte GH, Ewing RM (1982) Oyster shells and artificial worm tubes: The role of refuges in structuring benthic communities of the Lower Chesapeake Bay. Int Rev ges Hydrobiol 67(5) 661–677

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckman JE (1979) Small-scale patterns and processes in a soft-substratum, intertidal community. J Mar Res 37: 437–457

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckman JE (1983) Hydrodynamic processes affecting benthic recruitment. Limnol Oceanogr 28(2) 241–257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eckman JE, Nowell ARM, Jumars PA (1981) Sediment destabilisation by animal tubes. J Mai-Res 39: 361–374

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedrichs M (1996) Auswirkungen von Polychaetenrohren auf die Wasser-Sediment-Grenzschicht. Diplomarbeit Universität Kiel

    Google Scholar 

  • Giere O (1993) Meiobenthology. The Microscopic Fauna in Aquatic Sediments. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Goerke H, Weber K (1990) Locality-dependent concentrations of bromophenols in Lanice conchilega (Polychaeta: Terebellidae). Comp Biochem Physiol 97B: 741–744

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann-Schroder G (1996) Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, Polychaeta. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeifer D, Bäumer H-P, Schleier U, de Valk V (1995) Recommendations on the use of statistics in benthos monitoring. Texte zur Statistischen Ökologie. Institut fur Mathematische Stochastik der Universität Hamburg, Bericht Nr. 4/95

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeifer D, Bäumer H-P, Ortleb H, Sach G, Schleier U (1996) Modeling spatial distributional patterns of benthic meiofauna species by Thomas and related processes. Ecol Model 87: 285–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reise K (1985) Tidal Flat Ecology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Sach G, van Bernem K-H (1996) Spatial patterns of harpacticoid copepods on tidal flats. Senckenbergiana marit 26: 97–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Steward CC, Pinckney J, Piceno Y, Lovell CR (1992) Bacterial numbers and activity, microalgal biomass and productivity, and meiofauna distribution in sediments naturally contaminated with biogenic bromophenols. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 90: 61–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woodin SA (1978) Refuges, disturbance, and community structure: a marine soft-bottom example. Ecology 59(2) 274–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zühlke R, Blome D, van Bernem K-H, Dittmann S (1998) Effects of the tube building polychaete Lanice conchilega (Pallas) on benthic macrofauna and nematodes in an intertidal sandflat. Senckenbergiana marit 29: 131–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

Size Frequency, Distribution and Colour Variation of Carcinus maenas in the Spiekeroog Backbarrier System

  • Aagaard A, Warman CG, Depledge MH (1995) Tidal and seasonal changes in the temporal and spatial distribution of foraging Carcinus maenas in the weakly tidal littoral zone of Kertemine Fjord, Denmark. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 122: 165–172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abello P, Aagaard A, Warman CG, Depledge MH (1997) Spatial variability in the population structure of the shore crab Carcinus maenas (Crustacea: Brachyura) in a shallow-water, weakly tidal fjord. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 147: 97–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aldrich JC (1986) The influence of individual variations in metabolic rate and tidal conditions on the response to hypoxia in Carcinus maenas (L.). Comp Biochem Phys 83A: 53–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Aldrich JC (1989) The world beyond the species, an argument for greater definition in experimental work. In: Aldrich JC (Ed) Phenotypic responses and individuality in aquatic ectoterms. Co. Wicklow, Ireland, Japaga. pp 3–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson RJA, Parsons AJ (1973) Seasonal patterns of migration and locomotory rhythmicity in populations of Carcinus. Neth J Sea Res 7: 81–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beukema JJ (1991) The abundance of shore crabs Carcinus maenas (L.) on a tidal flat in the Wadden Sea after cold and mild winters. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 153: 97–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlisle DB (1957) On hormonal inhibition of moulting in decapod crustacea. II. The terminal anecdysis in crabs. J Mar Biol Ass UK 36: 291–307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, AN, Carlton JT & MC Fountain (1995) Introduction, dispersal and potential impacts of the green crab Carcinus maenas in San Francisco Bay, California. Mar Biol 122: 225–237

    Google Scholar 

  • Crothers JH (1968) The biology of the shore crab Carcinus maenas. 2.) The life history of the adult crab. Field Studies 2: 579–614

    Google Scholar 

  • Dernedde T (1993) Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Nahrungszusammensetzung von Silbermowe (Larus argent at us), Sturmmöwe (L. canus) und Lachmöwe (L. ridibundus) im Königshafen/ Sylt. Corax 15: 222–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Dernedde T (1994) Foraging overlap of three gull species (Larus spp.) on tidal flats in the Wadden Sea. Ophelia Suppl 6: 225–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Elner RW (1981) Diet of green crab Carcinus maenas (L.) from Port Hebert, southwest Nova Scotia. J Shellfish Res 1: 89–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Elner RW, Hughes RN (1978) Energy maximization in the diet of the shore crab Carcinus maenas. J Anim Ecol 47: 103–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grosholz ED, Ruiz GM (1995) Spread and potential impact of the recently introduced European green crab, Carcinus maenas in central California. Mar Biol 122: 239–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadfield MG, Strathmann MF (1996) Variability, flexibility and plasticity in life histories of marine invertebrates. Oceanol-Acta 19: 323–334

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayward PJ, Ryland JS (1996) Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford University Press. Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter E, Naylor E (1993) Intertidal migration by the shore crab Carcinus maenas. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 101: 131–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen KT, Jensen JN (1985) The importance of some epibenthic predators on the density of juvenile benthic macrofauna in the Danish Wadden Sea. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 89: 157–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jubb CA, Hughes RN, Rheinalt T (1983) Behavioural mechanisms of size-selection by crabs, Carcinus maenas, feeding on mussels, Mytilus edulis. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 66: 81–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser MJ, Hughes RN, Reid DG (1990) Chelal morphometry, prey-size selection and aggressive competition in green and red forms of Carcinus maenas (L.). J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 140: 121–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klein Breteler WCM (1975) Food consumption, growth, and energy metabolism in the juvenile shore crab Carcinus maenas. Neth J Sea Res 9: 86–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klein Breteler WCM (1976a) Settlement, growth and production of the shore crab, Carcinus maenas, on tidal flats in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Neth J Sea Res 10: 354–376

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klein Breteler WCM (1976b) Migration of the shore crab, Carcinus maenas, in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Neth J Sea Res 10: 338–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGaw IJ, Kaiser MJ, Naylor E, Hughes RN (1992) Intraspecific morphological variation related to the moult-cycle in color forms of the shore crab Carcinus maenas. J Zool 228: 351–359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGaw IJ, Naylor E (1992a) Distribution and rhythmic locomotor patterns of estuarine and open-shore populations of Carcinus maenas. J Mar Biol Ass UK 72: 599–609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGaw IJ, Naylor E (1992b) The effect of shelter on salinity preference behaviour of the shore crab Carcinus maenas. Mar Behav Physiol 21: 145–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, PG & J Howarth (1996) Foraging by marine scavengers: effects of relatedness, bait damage and hunger. J. Sea Res 36: 267–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moksnes PO, Pihl L, van Montfrans J (1998) Predation on postlarvae and juveniles of the shore crab Carcinus maenas: importance of shelter, size and cannibalism. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 166: 211–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Munch-Petersen S, Sparre P, Hoffmann E (1982) Abundance of the shore crab, Carcinus maenas (L.), estimated from mark-recapture experiments. Dana 2: 97–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Naylor E (1962) Seasonal changes in a population of Carcinus maenas in the littoral zone. J Animal Ecol 31: 601–609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rangeley RW, Thomas MLH (1987) Predatory behaviour of the juvenile shore crab Carcinus maenas. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 108: 191–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reid DG, Aldrich JC (1989) Variations in response to environmental hypoxia of different color forms of the shore crab, Carcinus maenas. Comp Biochem Pysiol 92: 535–539

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reid DG, Abello P, McGaw IJ, Naylor E (1989) Phenotypic variation in sympatric crab populations. In: Aldrich JC (Ed) Phenotypic responses and individuality in aquatic ectoterms. Co. Wicklow, Ireland, Japaga. pp 89–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid DG, Abello P, Kaiser MJ, Warman CG (1997) Carapace colour, inter-moult duration and the behavioural and physiological ecology of the shore crab Carcinus maenas. Est Coast Shelf Sci 44: 203–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reise K (1985) Tidal flat ecology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Ropes JW (1968) The feeding habits of the green crab Carcinus maenas. Fish Bull Fish Wildl Serv US 67: 183–203

    Google Scholar 

  • Scherer B, Reise K (1981) Significant predation on micro- and macrobenthos of the Wadden Sea. Kieler Meeresforsch. Sonderheft 5: 490–500

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiel M, Dernedde T (1994) Recruitment of shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) on tidal flats: mussel clumps as an important refuge for juveniles. Helgolander Meeresunters 48: 321–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walne PR, Dean (1972) Experiments on predation by the shore crab, Carcinus maenas, on Mytilus and Mercenaria. J Cons Perm Int Expl Mer 34: 190–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Warman CG, Reid DG, Naylor E (1993) Variations in the tidal migratory behaviour and rhythmic light-responsiveness in the shore crab, Carcinus maenas. J Mar Biol Ass UK 73: 355–364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf F (1997) Untersuchungen zum Auftreten roter und griiner Farbvarianten bei der Strandkrabbe, Carcinus maenas (Linnaeus 1758) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Dissertation, Universitat Frankfurt a. M.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf F (1998) Red and green colour forms in the common shore crab Carcinus maenas (L.) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Portunidae): theoretical predictions and empirical data. Journal of Natural History 32: 1807–1812

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van der Meeren Gro I. (1994) Sex- and size-dependent mating tactics in a natural population of shore crabs Carcinus maenas. Journal of Animal Ecology 63: 307–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Niesel, V., Günther, CP., Villbrandt, M., Hild, A., Dittmann, S., Grimm, V. (1999). Spatial and Temporal Distribution Patterns and Their Underlying Causes. In: Dittmann, S. (eds) The Wadden Sea Ecosystem. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60097-5_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60097-5_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64256-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-60097-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics