Zusammenfassung
Innovationsfähigkeit stellt ein Schlüsselelement des Überlebens in sich verändernden Umwelten dar. Dies gilt sowohl für Organismen, für individuelle Akteure als auch für gesellschaftliche Systeme, seien sie nun technischer, ökonomischer oder sozialer Natur. In einer Gesellschaft, die von Beschleunigung des Fortschritts und Globalisierung geprägt ist, gehört die Untersuchung von Innovationsprozessen zu den zentralen Fragestellungen ganz unterschiedlicher Wissensbereiche. In diesem Beitrag wird Evolutions- und Innovationsdynamik aus dem Blickwinkel einer geometrisch orientierten Evolutionstheorie betrachtet. Evolution wird als kollektive Suche wechselwirkender Populationen nach lokal besseren Lösungen in einem hochdimensionalen Phänotypraum beschrieben, in dem eine Fitnesslandschaft definiert ist. Im Zentrum des vorliegenden Beitrags steht die Realisierung dieses Landschaftsbildes in formalen Modellen und die Analyse von Ansätzen, die sich aus diesem Konzept für das Verständnis von Innovationsprozessen ergeben. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit vergleichen wir kontinuierliche und diskrete Modellbeschreibungen. Besonders analysieren wir den verschiedenen Merkmalskontext der Populationen, Konkurrenzprozesse zwischen diesen, mögliche Selektionskriterien und die Entstehung des Neuen im Modell. Die Vorteile kontinuierlicher Modelle, die die evolutionäre Suche in Merkmalsräumen mit veränderlichen Fitnesslandschaften beschreiben, werden herausgearbeitet. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit werden als Beispiel der Modellierung diskrete und kontinuierliche Beschreibungen von Innovationsprozessen in der technologischen Evolution behandelt. Dabei werden technologische Trajektorien, Lebenszyklen von Produkten und Technologien, und Innovationsfolgen betrachtet.
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Ebeling, W., Scharnhorst, A., Montaño, M.A.J., Karmeshu (1999). Evolutions- und Innovationsdynamik als Suchprozeß in komplexen adaptiven Landschaften. In: Mainzer, K. (eds) Komplexe Systeme und Nichtlineare Dynamik in Natur und Gesellschaft. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60063-0_23
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