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Cajal-Zellen als Schrittmacher und Vermittler der Neurotransmission im Gastrointestinaltrakt

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Ökosystem Darm VIII

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Zusammenfassung

Die interstitiellen Zellen von Cajal (ICC) sind erstmalig von dem spanischen Neuroanatomen Santiago Ramón y Cajal 1893 beschrieben worden [1]. Er identifizierte diese Zellen durch Anwendung von Silberfärbung und Methylenblau. Cajal fand diese Zellen zwischen den Acini der Speicheldrüsen, im Bindegewebe des Pankreas, zwischen den Lieberkühnschen-Drüsen im Bereich der Lamina propria des Dünn- und Dickdarmes, in den intestinalen Villi, an der luminalen Seite der zirkulären Muskelschicht und im Bereich des Plexus myentericus [2–5]. Er beschrieb sie im Vergleich zu Nervenzellen als schmaler und von variabler, fusiformer, sternförmiger oder auch dreieckiger Gestalt. Er nahm an, daß es sich um spezielle Neurone handelte, die zwischen enterischen Nervenzellen und glatten Muskelzellen interponiert sind. Es folgte eine lange Periode der Kontroverse über ihre anatomische Klassifikation. Daher blieb letztlich auch ihre physiologische Funktion bis in die jüngste Zeit im Dunkeln. Taxi konnte in den fünfziger Jahren mit verschiedenen Färbetechniken und der Elektronenmikroskopie eindeutig zeigen, daß es sich bei diesen Zellen weder um Neurone noch um Schwannsche Zellen handelt [6]. Interessanterweise wurde bereits 1925 bzw. 1928 von einem australischen und einem deutschen Anatomen gemutmaßt, daß die ICC Schrittmacherfunktion im Darm haben [7, 8]. Die erste ultrastrukturelle Charakterisierung dieser Zellen erfolgte 1958 durch Richardson [9].

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Authors
  1. S. Katsoulis
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pathologisch-Anatomisches Institut, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany

    Thomas Kirchner

  2. Medizinische Klinik II, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Bernhard Lembcke

  3. Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Hermann-Herder-Straße 11, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany

    Manfred Kist

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Katsoulis, S. (1999). Cajal-Zellen als Schrittmacher und Vermittler der Neurotransmission im Gastrointestinaltrakt. In: Kirchner, T., Lembcke, B., Kist, M. (eds) Ökosystem Darm VIII. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59963-7_21

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59963-7_21

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