Abstract
Three factors are usually cited as involved in CM toxicity, namely hyperosmolality, chemotoxicity and charge, although strictly speaking charge should be incorporated under the heading “chemotoxicity” since it forms part of that phenomenon.
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Dawson, P. et al. (1999). Influence of Contrast Media on Organs and Vessels. In: Dawson, P., Clauss, W. (eds) Contrast Media in Practice. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59957-6_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59957-6_3
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