Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hepatitis and Polio Vaccines

  • Chapter
Vaccines

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 133))

  • 449 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter provides a brief overview of vaccination strategies against hepatitis viruses and poliomyelitis viruses. For other recent review see MINOR (1991), HOLLINGER and TICEHURST (1996), LEMON and THOMAS (1997), STAPLETON and LEMON (1997) and SCHÖDEL (1998).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alper CA, Kruskall MS, Marcusbagley D, Craven DE, Katz AJ, Brink SJ, Dienstag JL, Awdeh Z, Yunis EJ (1989) Genetic prediction of nonresponse to hepatitis-B vaccine. N Engl J Med 321:708–712

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asher LV, Binn LN, Mensing TL, Marchwicki RH, Vassell RA, Young GD (1995) Pathogenesis of hepatitis A in orally inoculated owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus). J Med Virol 47:260–268

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ballay A, Levrero M, Tiollais P, Perricaudet M (1987) Hepatitis B adenovirus recombinants as a potential live vaccine. In: Robinson W, Koike K, Will H (eds) Hepadna viruses, vol 70. Liss, New York, pp 481–493

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker L, Chisari F, McGrath P et al (1973) Transmission of type B viral hepatitis to chimpanzees. J Infect Dis 127:648

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beasley R, Hwang L, Stevens C et al (1983) Efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin for prevention of perinatal transmission of the hepatitis B virus carrier state: final report of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Hepatology 3:135

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blumberg BS, Alter HJ, Visnich S (1965) A ‘new’ antigen in leukemia sera. J Am Med Assoc 191:101–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradley DW, Balayan MS (1988) Virus of enterically transmitted non-A non-B hepatitis. Lancet I:819

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown S, Howard C, Zuckerman A, Steward M (1984) Affinity of antibody response in man to hepatitis B vaccines determined with synthetic peptides. Lancet II:184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carman WF, Zanetti A, Karayiannis P, Manzillo G, Tanzi E, Zuckerman AJ, Thomas HC (1990) A vaccine induced surface mutant of Hbv that is replication competent. Gut 31:A591–A591

    Google Scholar 

  • Carman WF, Korula J, Wallace L, Macphee R, Mimms L, Decker R (1995a) Fulminant reactivation of hepatitis-B due to envelope protein mutant that escaped detection by monoclonal Hbsag Elisa. Lancet 345:1406–1407

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carman WF, Thursz M, Hadziyannis S, McIntyre G, Colman K, Gioustoz A, Fattovich G, Alberti A, Thomas HC (1995b) Hepatitis-B E-antigen negative chronic active hepatitis - hepatitis-B. J Viral Hepatitis 2:77–84

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chan H, Israel M, Garon C, Rowe W, Martin M (1979) Molecular cloning of polyoma virus DNA in Escherichia coli: lambda phage vector system. Science 203:887–892

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng KC, Smith GL, Moss B (1986) Hepatitis-B virus large surface protein is not secreted but is immunogenic when selectively expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus. J Virol 60:337–344

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chisari FV, Ferrari C (1995) Hepatitis-B virus immunopathogenesis. Annu Rev Immunol 13:29–60

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chisari FV, Filippi P, McLachlan A, Milich DR, Riggs M, Lee S, Palmiter RD, Pinkert CA, Brinster RL (1986) Expression of hepatitis-B virus large envelope polypeptide inhibits hepatitis-B surface-antigen secretion in transgenic mice. J Virol 60:880–887

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, Overby LR, Bradley DW, Houghton M (1989) Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science 244:359–362

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choo QL, Kuo G, Ralston R, Weiner A, Chien D, Van Nest G, Han J, Berger K, Thudium K, Kuo C (1994) Vaccination of chimpanzees against infection by the hepatitis C virus. Pro Natl Acad Sci USA 91:1294–1298

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooremann MP, Schoodermark-Van de Ven EME (1996) Hepatitis C virus: biological and clinical consequence of genetic heterogeneity. Scand J Gastroenterol 31:106–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crowther RA, Kiselev NA, Bottcher B, Berriman JA, Borisova GP, Ose V, Pumpens P (1994) 3-dimensional structure of hepatitis-B virus core particles determined by electron cryomicroscopy. Cell 77:943–950

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curtiss R (1990) Attenuated salmonella strains as live vectors for the expression of foreign antigens. In: Woodrow GC, Levine MM (eds) New generation vaccines. Dekker, New York, pp 161–188

    Google Scholar 

  • Dane D, Cameron C, Briggs M (1970) Virus-like particles in serum from patients with Australia antigen-associated hepatitis. Lancet I:695–698

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis H, Michel M-L, Whalen R (1993) DNA based immunization for hepatitis N induces continuous secretion of antigen and high levels of circulating antibody. Hum Mol Genet 2:1847–1851

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis HL, Michel ML, Mancini M, Watkins SC, Schleef M, Whalen RG (1994) Direct gene-transfer in muscle for genetic vaccination against hepatitis-B virus (Hbv). J Cell Biochem 527–527

    Google Scholar 

  • Emini E, Larson V, Eichberg J, Cinard P, Garsky V, Lee D, Ellis R, Miller W, Anderson C, Gerety R (1989) Protective effect of a synthetic peptide comprising the complete preS2 region of the hepatitis B virus surface protein. J Med Virol 28:7–12

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farci P, Alter HJ, Govindarajan S, Wong DC, Engle R, Lesniewski RR, Mushahwar IK, Desai SM, Miller RH, Ogata N et al (1992) Lack of prective immunity against reinfection with hepatitis C virus. Science 258:135–140

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernholz D, Galle PR, Stemler M, Brunetto M, Bonino F, Will H (1993) Infectious hepatitis-B virus variant defective in pre-S2 protein expression in a chronic carrier. Virology 194:137–148

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari C, Cavalli A, Penna A, Valli A, Bertoletti A, Pedretti G, Pilli M, Vitali P, Neri TM, Giuberti T, Fiaccadori F (1992) Fine specificity of the human T-cell response to the hepatitis-B virus pres1 antigen. Gastroenterology 103:255–263

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari C, Penna A, Bertoletti A, Fiaccadori F (1993) Cell-mediated immune-response to hepatitis-B virus nucleocapsid antigen. Arch Virol 8 [Suppl]:91–101

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari G, Place C, Bartlett J, Moody D, Tartaglia J, Paoletti E, Weinhold K (1995) Antigen-specific activation/expansion of human anti-Hiv Ctl using recombinant alvac (canarypox)-based vectors. J Cell Biochem 219–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Francis D, Hadler S, Thompson S, Maynard J, Ostrow D, Altman N, Braff E, Omalley P, Hawkins D, Judson F, Penley K, Nylund T, Christie G, Meyers F, Moore J, Gardner A, Doto I, Miller J, Reynolds G, Murphy B, Schable C, Clark B, Curran J, Redeker A (1982) The prevention of hepatitis B with vaccine. Report of the Centers for Disease Control multi-center efficacy trial among homosexual men. Ann Intern Med 97:362–366

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuerst TR, Yarbough PO, Zhang Y, McAtee P, Tam AW, Lifson J, McCaustland K, Spellbring J, Bradley D, Margolis HS et al (1996) Prevention of hepatitis E using a novel ORF2 subunit vaccine. In: Buison Y, Coursaget P, Kane M (eds) Enterically transmitted hepatitis viruses. France, La Simarre Joue-les-Tours, pp 384–392

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujii H, Moriyama K, Sakamoto N, Kondo T, Yasuda K, Hiraizumi Y, Yamazaki M, Sakaki Y, Okochi K, Nakajima E (1992) Gly145 to Arg substitution in HBs antigen of immune escape mutant of hepatitis B virus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 184:1152–1157

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fynan E, Webster R, Fuller D, Haynes J, Santoro J, Robinson H (1993) DNA vaccines protective immunization by parenteral mucosal and gene gun inoculations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:11478–11482

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galibert F, Mandart E, Fitoussi F, Tiollais P, Charnay P (1979) Nucleotide sequence of the hepatitis B virus genome (subtype ayw) cloned in E coli. Nature 281:646–650

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ganem D (1996) Hepadnavridae and their replication. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM et al (eds) Fields virology, 3rd edn. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp 2703–2737

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerety R, West D (1990) Current and future hepatitis B vaccines. In: Coursaget P, Tong M (eds) Progress in hepatitis B immunization. John Libbey Eurotext, Paris, pp 215–225 (Colloque INSERM, vol 194 )

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerlich W, Bruss V (1993) Functions of hepatitis B virus proteins and molecular targets for protective immunity. In: Ellis R (ed) Hepatitis B vaccines in clinical practice. Dekker, New York, pp 41–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilles P, Fey G, Chisari F (1992) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha negatively regulates hepatitis B virus gene expression in transgenic mice. J Virol 66:3955–3960

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grady G, Lee V, Prince A et al (1978) Hepatitis B immune globulin for accidental exposures among medical personnel: final report of a multicenter controlled trial. J Infect Dis 138:625

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guidotti LG, Ando K, Hobbs MV, Ishikawa T, Runkel L, Schreiber RD, Chisari FV (1994a) Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes inhibit hepatitis-B virus gene-expression by a noncytolytic mechanism in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:3764–3768

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guidotti LG, Guilhot S, Chisari FV (1994b) Interleukin-2 and alpha/beta interferon down-regulate hepatitis-B virus gene-expression in-vivo by tumor necrosis factor- dependent and factor-independent pathways. J Virol 68:1265–1270

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guilhot S, Guidotti LG, Chisari FV (1993) Interleukin-2 down-regulates hepatitis-B virus gene-expression in transgenic mice by a posttranscriptional mechanism. J Virol 67:7444–7449

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hadler SC (1991) Global impact of hepatitis A virus infection changing patterns. In: Hollinger FB, Lemon SM, Margolis HS (eds) Viral hepatitis and liver disease. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 14–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Harford N, Cabezon T, Crabeel M, Simoen E, Rutgers A, De Wilde M (1983) Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in yeast. Dev Biol Stand 54:125–130

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hillemann MR (1993) Plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine: a breakthrough in preventive medicine. In: Ellis RW (ed) Hepatitis B vaccines in clinical practice. Dekker, New York, pp 17–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Hino K, Okuda M, Hashimoto O, Ishiko H, Okazaki M, Fujii K, Hanada H, Okita K (1995) Glycine-to-arginine substitution at codon-145 of Hbsag in 2 infants born to hepatitis-B E-antigen-positive carrier. Dig Dis Sci 40:566–570

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hochstein-Mintzel V, Huber H, Stickl H (1972) Virulenz und Immunogenität eunes modifizierten Vakzinia-Virus (Stamm MVA). Z Immun Forsch 144:140–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogle JM, Chow M, Filman DJ (1985) The three dimensional structure of poliovirus at 29 A resolution. Science 229:1358–1365

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollinger FB, Ticehurst JR (1996) Hepatitis A virus fields. Virology 24:735–782

    Google Scholar 

  • Houghton M (1996) Hepatitis C Viruses. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM et al (eds) Fields Virology. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp. 1035–1058

    Google Scholar 

  • Hourvitz A, Mosseri R, Solomon A, Yehezkelli Y, Atsmon J, Danon Y, Koren R, Shouval D (1996) Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a new recombinant hepatitis B vaccine containing preS antigens: a preliminarv report. J Viral Hepatitis 3:37–42

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HyppiaT, Hovi T, Knowles NJ, Stanway G (1997) Classification of enteroviruses based on molecular and biological properties. J Gen Virol 78:1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Inchauspé G (1997) Gene vaccination for hepatitis C. Springer Semin Immunopathol 19:211–221

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Innis BL, Snitbhan R, Kunasol P, Laorakpongse T, Poopatanakool W, Kozik CA, Suntayakorn S, Suknuntapong T, Safary A, Tang DB et al (1994) Protection against hepatitis A by an inactivated vaccine. JAMA 271:1328–1334

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ionescu-Matiu I, Kennedy R, Sparrow J, Culwell A, Sanchez J, Melnick L, Dressman G (1983) Epitopes associated with a synthetic hepatitis B surface antigen peptide. J Immunol 130:1947

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Israel M, Chan H, Rowe W, Martin M (1979) Molecular cloning of polyoma virus DNA in Eschrichia coli: plasmid vector system. Science 203:883–887

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Itoh Y, Fujisawa Y (1986) Synthesis in yeast of hepatitis B virus surface antigen modified P31 particles by gene modification. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 141:942–948

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Itoh Y, Takai E, Ohnuma H, Kitajima K, Tsuda F, Machida A, Mishiro S, Nakamura T, Miyakawa Y, Mayumi M (1986) A synthetic peptide vaccine involving the product of the pre-S (2) region of hepatitis B virus DNA: protective efficacy in chimpanzees. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:9174–9178

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jarvis LM, Watson HG, MsOmish F, Peutherer JF, Ludlam CA, Simmonds P (1992) Frequent reinfection and reactivation of hepatitis C virus genotypes in multitransfused hemophiliacs. J Infect Dis 170:1018–1022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jung MC, Stemler M, Weimer T, Spengler U, Dohrmann J, Hoffmann R, Eichenlaub D, Eisenburg J, Paumgartner G, Riethmuller G, Will H, Pape GR (1991) Immune- response of peripheral-blood mononuclear-cells to Hbx-antigen of hepatitis-B virus. Hepatology 13:637–643

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jung MC, Schraut W, Santantonio T, Spengler U, Eichenlaub D, Eisenburg J, Zachoval R, Hoffmann R, Paumgartner G, Pastore G, Will H, Riethmuller G, Zieglerheitbrock HWL, Pape GR (1993) Increased frequency of Cd8+ Cd45r0+ memory T-lymphocytes in acute hepatitis-B virus-infection. J Hepatol 18:295–300

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jung MC, Diepolder HM, Spengler U, Wierenga EA, Zachoval R, Hoffmann RM, Eichenlaub D, Frosner G, Will H, Pape GR (1995) Activation of a heterogeneous hepatitis-B (Hb) core and E-antigen- specific Cd4 (+) T-cell population during seroconversion to anti-Hbe and anti-Hbs in hepatitis-B virus-infection. J Virol 69:3358–3368

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kao JH, Chen PJ, Lai MY, Wang TH, Chen DS (1995) Quasispecies of hepatitis C virus and genetic drift of the hypervariable region in chronic type C hepatitis. J Infect Dis 172:261–264

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karayiannis P, Jowett T, Enticott M et al (1986) Hepatitis A virus replication in tamarins and host immune response in relation to pathogenesis of liver cell damage. J Med Virol 18:261–276

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karron RA, Daemer RJ, Ticehurst JR et al (1988) Evaluation of attenuation of cell- culture-adapted hepatitis A virus in nonhuman primates. In: Zuckerman AJ (ed) Viral hepatitis and liver disease. Liss, New York, pp 74–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi M, Asano T, Utsunomiya M, Itoh Y, Fujisawa Y, Nishimura O, Kato K, Kakinuma A (1988) Recombinant hepatitis B virus surface antigen carrying the pre-S2 region derived from yeast: purification and characterization. J Biotechnol 8:1–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koff RS (1993) Viral hepatitis. In: Schiff L, Schiff ER (eds) Diseases of the liver, pp 492–577

    Google Scholar 

  • Krugman S, Stevens CE (1994) Hepatitis B vaccine. In: Plotkin S, Mortimer E (eds) Vaccines. Saunders, Chicago, pp 419–437

    Google Scholar 

  • Krugman S, Giles JP, Hammond J (1967) Infectious hepatitis. J Am Med Assoc 200:365–373

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krugman S, Giles JP, Hammond J (1971) Viral hepatitis type B (MS-2 strain). Studies on active immunization. J Am Med Assoc 217:41–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar U, Monjardino J, Promise HC (1994) Hypervariable region of the hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein “E2-NS1” in an agammaglobulinemic patient. Gastroenterology 106:1072–1075

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurane I, Binn LN, Bancroft WH, Ennis FA (1985) Human lymphocyte responses to hepatitis A virus-infected cells: interferon productio and lysis of infected cells. J Immunol 135:2140–2144

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuroda S, Itoh Y, Miyazaki T, Otaka-Imai S, Fujisawa Y (1989) Efficient expression of genetically engineered hepatitis B virus surface antigen P31 proteins in yeast. Gene 78(2):297–308

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuroda S, Fujisawa Y, Iino S, Akahane Y, Suzuki H (1991) Induction of protection level of anti-pre-S2 antibodies in humans immunized with a novel hepatitis B vaccine consisting of M (pre-S2+S) protein particles (a third generation vaccine). Vaccine 9:163–169

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lemon SM, Binn LN (1983) Antigenic relatedness of two strains of hepatitis A virus determined by cross-neutralization. Infect Immun 42:418–420

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lemon SM, Binn LN (1993) Serum neutralizing of hepatitis A virus in vitro due to lipid-associated virus. J Gen Virol 148:1033–1039

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemon SM, Shapiro CN (1994) The value of immunization against hepatitis A. Infect Agents Dis 3:38–49

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lemon SM, Thomas DL (1997) Vaccines to prevent viral hepatitis. N Engl J Med 336(3):196–204

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lemon SM, Ping LH, Day S et al (1991) Immunobiology of hepatitis A virus. In: Hollinger FB, Lemon SM, Margolis HS (eds) Viral hepatitis and liver disease. Williams and Williams, Baltimore, pp 20–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemon SM, Jansen RW, Brown EA (1992) Genetic antigenic and biological differences between strains of hepatitis A virus. Vaccine 10 [Suppl 1]:S40∓S44

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li F, Zhuang H, Kolivas S, Locarnini SA, Anderson DS (1994) Persistent and transient antibody responses to hepatitis E virus detected by Western immunoblot using open reading frame 2 and 3 and glutathione S-transferase fusion protiens. J Clin Microbiol 32:2060–2066

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linnen J, Wages J Jr, Zhang-Keck ZY, et al (1996) Molecular cloning and disease association of hepatitis G virus: a transfusion-transmissible agent. Science 271:505–508

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lubeck M, Davis A, Chengalvala M, Natuk R, Morin J, Molnar-Kimber K, Mason B, Bhat B, Mizutani S, Hung P, Purcell R (1989) Immunogenicity and efficacy testing of an oral hepatitis B vaccine based on live recombinant adenovirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:6763–6767

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacCallum FO (1947) Homologous serum jaundice. Lancet 2:228

    Google Scholar 

  • Madalinsky K, Zychowicz C, Gornicki J, Czubkowska I, Skarpetowsk A, Gorecki M, Koren R (1994) Immunogenicity in children of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine containing S pre-S2 and pre-Sl antigens. II. Persistence of antibodies. Polish J Immunol 19:333–340

    Google Scholar 

  • Mancini M, Hadchouel M, Tiollais P, Pourcel C, Michel ML (1993) Induction of antihepatitis-B surface-antigen (Hbsag) antibodies in Hbsag producing transgenic mice - a possible way of circumventing nonresponse to Hbsag. J Med Virol 39:67–74

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mancini M, Hadchouel M, Davis HL, Whalen R, Tiollais P, Michel M-L (1996) DNA- mediated immunization breaks tolerance in a transgenic mouse model of hepatitis B surface antigen chronic carriers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:12496–12501

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maneerat Y, Clayson ET, Myint KSA, Young GD, Innis BL (1996) Experimental infection of the laboratory rat with the hepatitis E virus. J Med Virol 48:121–128

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mao JS, Chen NL, Huang HY, Chai SA, Dong DX, Coa YY, Zhang HY, Wu DM, Zhang SY (1992) Development of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine (H2-strain). Chin Med J 105:189–193

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maruyama T, McLachlan A, Iino S, Koike K, Kurokawa K, Milich DR (1993) The serology of chronic hepatitis-B infection revisited. J Clin Invest 91:2586–2595

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mason H, Lam D-K, Arntzen C (1992) Expression of hepatitis B surcace antigen in transgenic plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:11745–11749

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayr A, Hochstein-Mintzel V, Stickl H (1975) Abstammung Eigenschaften und Verwendung des attenuierten Vakzinia-Stammes MVA. Infektion 6–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayr A, Stickl H, Müller H, Danner K, Singer H (1978) Pockenimpfstamm MVA: Marker genetische Struktur Erfahrungen mit der parenteralen Schutzimpfung und Verhalten im abwehrgeschwächten Organismus. Zentralbl Bakt Hyg I Abt Orig B 167:365–390

    Google Scholar 

  • McAleer W, Buynak E, Maigetter R, Wampler D, Miller W, Hilleman M (1984) Human hepatitis B vaccine from recombinant yeast. Nature 307:178–180

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McAtee CP, Zhang Y, Yarbough PO, Bird T, Fuerst TR, Stone KL, Samander S, Williams KR (1996a) Purification and characterization of a recombinant hepatitis E protein vaccine candidate by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 685:91–104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McAtee CP, Zhang Y, Yarbough PO, Bird T, Fuerst TR (1996b) Purification of a soluble hepatitis E open reading frame 2-derived protein with unique antigenic properties. Protein Express 8:262–270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLachlan A, Milich DR, Raney AK, Riggs MG, Hughes JL, Sorge J, Chisari FV (1987) Expression of hepatitis-B virus surface and core antigens - influences of pre-S and precore sequences. J Virol 61:683–692

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McMahon B, Wainwright R (1993) Protective efficacy of hepatitis B vaccines in infants children and adults. In: Ellis R (ed) Hepatitis B vaccines in clinical practice. Dekker, New York, pp 243–261

    Google Scholar 

  • McMahon G, Ehrlich P, Moustafa Z, McCarthy L, Dottavio D, Tolpin M, Nadler P, Östberg L (1992) Genetic alterations in the gene encoding the major HBsAg: DNA and immunological analysis of recurrent HBsAg derived from monoclonal antibody-treated liver transplant patient. Hepatology 15:757–766

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendelsohn CL, Wimmer E, Racaniello VR (1989) Cellular receptor for poliovirus: molecular cloning nucleotide sequence and expression of a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Cell 56:855–865

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer A, Sutter G, Mayr A (1991) Mapping of deletions in the genome of the highly attenuated vaccinia virus MVA and their influence on virulence. J Gen Virol 72:1031–1038

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michel M-L (1995) Dna-mediated immunization - prospects for hepatitis-B vaccination. Res Virol 146:261–265

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michel M-L, Davis HL, Schleef M, Mancini M, Tiollais P, Whalen R (1995) DNA- mediated immunization to the hepatitis B surface antigen in mice: aspects of the humoral response mimic hepatitis B viral infection in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:5307–5311

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Midthun K, Ellerbeck E, Gershman K, Calandra G, Krah D, McCaughtry M, Nalin D, Provost P (1991) Safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated hepatitis A virus vaccine in seronegative volunteers. J Infect Dis 163:735–739

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milich D (1993) Application of synthetic peptide technology to experimental HBV vaccine design. In: Ellis R (ed) Hepatitis B vaccines in clinical practice. Dekker, New York, pp 351–381

    Google Scholar 

  • Milich DR (1997) Influence of T-helper subsets and crossregulation in hepatitis B virus infection. J Viral Hepat 4 [Suppl 2]:48–59

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Milich DR, Chisari FV (1982) Genetic-regulation of the immune-response to hepatitis-B surface-antigen (Hbsag) 1 H-2-restriction of the murine humoral immuneresponse to the a and D determinants Of Hbsag. J Immunol 129:320–325

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milich DR, McLachlan A (1986a) The nucleocapsid of hepatitis B virus is both a T- cell-independent and a T-cell-dependent antigen. Science 234:1398–1401

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milich DR, McLachlan A (1986b) The nucleocapsid of hepatitis-B virus is both a T- cell independent and a T-cell-dependent antigen. Science 234:1398–1401

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milich DR, Alexander H, Chisari FV (1983a) Genetic-regulation of the immune- response to hepatitis-B surface- antigen (Hbsag) 3 circumvention of non- responsiveness in mice bearing Hbsag nonresponder haplotypes. J Immunol 130:1401–1407

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milich DR, Lerouxroels GG, Chisari FV (1983b) Genetic-regulation of the immune- response to hepatitis-B surface-antigen (Hbsag) 2. Qualitative characteristics of the humoral immune-response to the a-determinant D-determinant and Y- determinant of Hbsag. J Immunol 130:1395–1400

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milich DR, Lerouxroels GG, Louie RE, Chisari FV (1984) Genetic-regulation of the immune-response to hepatitis-B surface-antigen (Hbsag) 4. Distinct H-2-linked ir genes control antibody-responses to different Hbsag determinants on the same molecule and map to the I-a and I-C subregions. J Exp Med 159:41–56

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milich DR, Louie RE, Chisari FV (1985a) Genetic-regulation of the immune-response to hepatitis-B surface-antigen (Hbsag) 5. T-cell proliferative response and cellular interactions. J Immunol 134:4194–4202

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milich DR, McNamara MK, McLachlan A, Thornton GB, Chisari FV (1985b) Distinct H-2-linked regulation of T-cell responses to the pre-S-region and S-region of the same hepatitis-B surface-antigen polypeptide allows circumvention of non- responsiveness to the S-region. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:8168–8172

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milich DR, Peterson DL, Lerouxroels GG, Lerner RA, Chisari FV (1985c) Genetic- regulation of the immune-response to hepatitis-B surface- antigen (Hbsag) 6 T-cell fine specificity. J Immunol 134:4203–4211

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milich DR, MacLachlan A, Moriarty A, Thornton GB (1987a) Immune responses to hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg): localization of T cell recognition sites within HBcAg/HBeAg. J Immunol 139:1223–1231

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milich DR, McLachlan A, Thornton GB, Hughes JL (1987b) A synthetic T-cell site primes antibody production to both the nucleocapsid and the envelope of hepatitis B virus. Nature 330:547–549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milich DR, McLachlan A, Stahl S, Wingfield P, Thornton GB, Hughes JL, Jones JE (1988) Comparative immunogenicity of hepatitis B virus core and e antigens. J Immunol 141:3617–3624

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milich DR, Hughes JL, McLachlan A, Langley KE, Thornton GB, Jones JE (1990a) Importance of subtype in the immune-response to the pre-S(2) region of the hepatitis-B surface-antigen 1 T-cell fine specificity. J Immunol 144:3535–3543

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milich DR, Jones JE, Hughes JL, Price J, Raney AK, McLachlan A (1990b) Is a function of the secreted hepatitis-B antigen to induce immunological-tolerance inutero. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:6599–6603

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milich DR, McLachlan A, Raney AK, Houghten R, Thornton GB, Maruyama T, Hughes JL, Jones JE (1991) Autoantibody production in hepatitis-B E-antigen transgenic mice elicited with a self T-cell peptide and inhibited with nonself peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:4348–4352

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milich DR, Schödel F, Peterson DL, Jones JE, Hughes JL (1995a) Characterization of self-reactive T-cells that evade tolerance in hepatitis-B E-antigen transgenic mice. Eur J Immunol 25:1663–1672

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milich DR, Wolf SF, Hughes JL, Jones JE (1995b) Interleukin-12 suppresses autoantibody production by reversing helper T-cell phenotype in hepatitis-B E-antigen transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:6847–6851

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milich DR, Chen MK, Hughes JL, Jones JE (1998) The secreted hepatitis B eantigen prefentially depletes Th1 cells via Fas: a mechanisms for persistent infection. J Immunol(in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Minor PD (1990) Antigenic structure of picornaviruses. In: Compans Rw, Cooper M, Koprowski H et al (eds) Current topics in microbiology and immunology, vol 161. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Minor PD (1991) Picornaviridae. In: Francki RIB, Fauquet CM, Knudson DL, Brown F (eds) Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Springer, Vienna New York, pp 320–326 (Archives of virology,suppl 2)

    Google Scholar 

  • Minor PD (1992) The molecular biology of poliovaccines. J Gen Virol 73:3065–3077

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minor PD (1996) Poliovirus. In: Nathanson N et al (eds) Viral pathogenesis. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp 555–574

    Google Scholar 

  • Minor PD, Brown F, King A, Knowles NJ, Lemon S, Martin S, Melnick J, Moore N, Palmenberg A, Rueckert RR, Yin Murphy M (1991) Picornaviridae. In: Francki RIB, Fauquet CM, Knudson DL, Brown F (eds) Classification and nomenclature of viruses; fifth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Springer, Vienna New York, pp 320–326 (Archives of virology, suppl 2 )

    Google Scholar 

  • Molnarkimber KL, Jarockiwitek V, Dheer SK, Vernon SK, Conley AJ, Davis AR, Hung PP (1988) Distinctive properties of the hepatitis-B virus envelope proteins. J Virol 62:407–416

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morin J, Lubeck M, Barton J, Conley A, Davis A, Hung P (1987) Recombinant adenovirus induces antibody response to hepatitis B virus surface antigen in hamsters. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:4626–4630

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moss B, Smith GL, Gerin JL, Purcell RH (1984) Live recombinant vaccinia virus protects chimpanzees against hepatitis-B. Nature 311:67–69

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray K, Bruce SA, Hinnen A, Wingfield P, van Eerd PMCA, de Reus A, Schellekens H (1984) Hepatitis B virus antigens made in microbial cells immunise against viral infection. EMBO J 3:645–650

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray K, Bruce SA, Wingfield P, van Eerd P, de Reus A, Schellekens H (1987) Protective immunisation against hepatitis B with an internal antigen of the virus. J Med Virol 23:101–107

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nabel E, Plautz G, Nabel G (1990) Site-specific gene expression in vivo by direct gene transfer into the arterial wall. Science 249:1285–1288

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nainan OV, Brinton MA, Margolis HS (1992) Identification of amino acids located in the antibody binding sites of human hepatitis A virus. Virology 191:984–987

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakano I, Maertens G, Major ME, Vitvitski L, Dubuisson J, Fournillier A, Martynoff G, de Trepo C, Inchauspe G (1997) Immunization with plasmid DNA encoding hepatitis C virus envelope E2 antigenic domains induces antibodies whose immune reactivity is linked to the injection mode. J Virol 71:7101–7109

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nardelli-Haefliger D, Kraehenbuhl J-P, Curtiss R III, Schödel F, Potts A, Kelly S, De Grandi P (1996) Oral and rectal immunization of adult female volunteers with a recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhi vaccine strain. Infect Immun 64:5219–5224

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nassal M (1996) Hepatitis B virus morphogenesis. In: Capron A, Compans RW, Cooper M et al (eds) Current topics in microbiology and immunology, vol 214. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 297–337

    Google Scholar 

  • Nayersina R, Fowler P, Guilhot S, Missale G, Schlicht H-J, Vitielo A, Chesnut R, Person J, Redeker A, Chisari F (1993) HLA-A2 restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to multiple hepatitis B surface antigen epitopes during hepatitis B virus infection. J Immunol 150:4659–4671

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neurath AR, Kent SBH, Strick N, Taylor P, Stevens CE (1985) Hepatitis-B virus contains pre-S gene-encoded domains. Nature 315:154–156

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neurath AR, Kent SBH, Parker K, Prince AM, Strick N, Brotman B, Sproul P (1986) Antibodies to a synthetic peptide from the pres 120–145 region of the hepatitis-B virus envelope are virus-neutralizing. Vaccine 4:35–37

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neurath AR, Seto B, Strick N (1989) Antibodies to synthetic peptides from the pres1 region of the hepatitis-B virus (Hbv) envelope (Env) protein are virus-neutralizing and protective. Vaccine 7:234–236

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neurath AR, Strick N, Sproul P, Ralph HE, Valinsky J (1990) Detection of receptors for hepatitis-B virus on cells of extrahepatic origin. Virology 176:448–457

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nkowane BM, Wassilak SG, Oversteen WA, Bart KJ, Schonberger LB, Hinman AR, Kew OM (1987) Vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis in the United States: 1973 through 1984. J Am Med Assoc 257:1335–1340

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oehen S, Hengartner H, Zinkernagel R (1991) Vaccination for disease. Science 251:195–198

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohnuma H, Machida A, Okamoto H, Tsuda F, Sakamoto M, Tanaka T, Miyakawa Y, Mayumi M (1993) Allelic subtypic determinants of hepatitis B surface antigen (I and t) that are distinct from d/y or w/r. J Virol 67:937–932

    Google Scholar 

  • Okamoto H, Yano K, Nozaki Y, Matsui A, Miyazaki H, Yamamoto K, Tsuda F, Machida A, Mishiro S (1992) Mutations within the S gene of hepatitis-B virus transmitted from mothers to babies immunized with hepatitis-B immune globulin and vaccine. Pediatric Res 32:264–268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panda SK, Nanda SK, Zafrullah M, Ansari I, Ozdenar MH, Jameel S (1995) An Indian strain of hepatitis E virus (HEV): cloning sequence and expression of structural region and antibody responses in sera from individuals from an area of high-level HEV endemicity. J Clin Microbiol 33:2653–2659

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pasek M, Goto T, Gilbert W, Zink B, Schaller H, MacKay P, Leadbetter G, Murray K (1979) Hepatitis B virus genes and their expression in E coli. Nature 282:575–579

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Penna A, Bertoletti A, Cavalli A, Valli A, Missale G, Pilli M, Marchelli S, Giuberti T, Fowler P, Chisari FV, Fiaccadori F, Ferrari C (1992a) Fine specificity of the human T-cell response to hepatitis-B virus core antigen. Arch Virol 4 [Suppl]:23–28

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Penna A, Fowler P, Bertoletti A, Guilhot S, Moss B, Margolskee RF, Cavalli A, Valli A, Fiaccadori F, Chisari FV, Ferrari C (1992b) Hepatitis-B virus (Hbv)-specific cytotoxic T-cell (Ctl) response in humans - characterization of Hla class-Ii- restricted Ctls that recognize endogenously synthesized Hbv envelope antigens. J Virol 66:1193–1198

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Persing DH, Varmus HE, Ganem D (1986) Inhibition of secretion of hepatitis-B surface-antigen by a related presurface polypeptide. Science 234:1388–1391

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pincus S, Tartaglia J, Paoletti E (1995) Poxvirus-based vectors as vaccine candidates. Biologicals 23:159–164

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ping LH, Lemon SM (1992) Antigenic structure of human hepatitis A virus defined by analysis of escape mutants selected against murine monoclonal antibodies. J Virol 66:2208–2216

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ping LH, Jansen RW, Stapleton JT, Cohen JI, Lemon SM (1988) Identification of an immunodominant antigenic site involoving the capsid protein VP3 of hepatitis A virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:8281–8285

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pipkin PA, Wood DJ, Racaniello VR, Minor PD (1993) Characterisation of L cells expressing the human poliovirus receptor for the specific detection of polioviruses in vitro. J Virol Methods 41:333–340

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pol S, Driss F, Michel M-L, Nalpas B, Berthelot P, Brechot C (1994) Specific vaccine therapy in chronic hepatitis B infection (letter to the editor). Lancet 344:342

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prince AM (1968) An antigen detected in the blood during the incubation period of serum hepatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 60:814–821

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prince AM, Brotman B, Huima T, Pascual D, Jaffrey M, Inchauspé G (1992) Immunity in hepatitis C virus infection. J Infect Dis 165:438–443

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prince AM, Whalen R, Brotman B (1997) Successful nucleic acid based immunization of newborn chimpanzees against hepatitis B virus. Vaccine 15:916–919

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Provost PJ, Hilleman MR (1979) Propagation of human hepatitis A virus in cell culture in vitro. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 160:213–221

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Purcell RH (1996) Hepatitis E virus. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM, Chanock RM, Melnich JL, Monath TP, Roizman B, Straus SE (eds) Fields virology, 3rd edn. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp 2831–2843

    Google Scholar 

  • Purdy MA, McCaustland KA, Krawczynski K et al (1992) Expression of a hepatitis E virus (HEV)-trpE fusion protein containing epitopes recoganized by antibodies in sera from human cases and experimentally infected primates. Arch Virol 123:335–349

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Redeker A, Mosley J, Gocke D, McKee A, Pollack W (1975) Hepatitis B immune globulin as a prophylactic measure for spouses exposed to acute type B hepatitis. N Engl J Med 293:1055–1059

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rice CM (1996) Flaviviridae: the viruses and their replication. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM et al (eds) Fields virology, 3rd edn. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp 931–1034

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson H, Hunt L, Webster R (1993) protection against a lethal influenza virus challenge by immunization with a haemagglutinin-expressing plasmid. Vaccine 11:967–960

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutgers T, Hauser P, De Wilde M (1993) Potential future recombinant vaccines. In: Ellis R (ed) Hepatitis B virus vaccines in clinical praxis. Dekker, New York, pp 383–407

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabin AB, Boulger LR (1973) History of the Sabin attenuated poliovirus oral live vaccine strains. J Biol Stand 1:115–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schödel F (1992) Prospects for oral vaccination using recombinant bacteria expressing viral epitopes. Adv Vir Res 41:409–446

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schödel (1998) Hepatitis B virus: molecular mechanisms in disease and novel strategies for therapy. In Koshy R, Caselmann WH, (eds) Hepatitis B virus, molecular mechanisms in disease and novel strategies for therapy. Imperial College Press, London (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schödel F, Sprengel R, Weimer T, Fernholz D, Schneider R, Will H (1989) Animal hepatitis B viruses. Adv Viral Oncol 8:73–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Schödel F, Milich DR, Will H (1990a) Hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid/pre-S2 fusion proteins expressed in attenuated Salmonella for oral vaccination. J Immunol 145:4317–4321

    Google Scholar 

  • Schödel F,Weimer T, Will H (1990b) HBV: molecular biology and immunology. Biotest Bull 4:63–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Schödel F, Moriarty AM, Peterson DL, Zheng J, Hughes JL, Will H, Leturcq DJ, McGee JS, Milich DR (1992) The position of heterologous epitopes inserted in hepatitis-B virus core particles determines their immunogenicity. J Virol 66:106–114

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schödel F, Neckermann G, Peterson D, Fuchs K, Fuller S, Will H, Roggendorf M (1993a) Immunization with recombinant woodchuck hepatitis virus nucleocapsid antigen protects woodchucks from woodchuck hepatitis virus infection. Vaccine 11:624–628

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schödel F,Peterson D, Zheng J, Jones JE, Hughes JL, Milich DR (1993b) Structure of hepatitis-B virus core and E-antigen - a single precore amino-acid prevents nucleocapsid assembly. J Biol Chem 268:1332–1337

    Google Scholar 

  • Schödel F, Kelly SM, Peterson DL, Milich DR, Curtiss R (1994a) Hybrid hepatitis B virus core-pre-S proteins synthesized in avirulent Salmonella typhimurium andSalmonella typhi for oral vaccination. Infect Immun 62:1669–1776

    Google Scholar 

  • Schödel F, Peterson D, Hughes J, Milich D (1994b) Hepatitis B virus core particles as a vaccine carrier moiety. Int Rev Immunol 11:153–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shouval D, Ilan Y, Adler R, Deepen R, Panet A, Evenchen Z, Gorecki M, Gerlich WH (1994a) Improved immunogenicity in mice of a mammalian cell-derived recombinant hepatitis-B vaccine containing pre-S-1 and pre-S-2 antigens as compared with conventional yeast-derived vaccines. Vaccine 12:1453–1459

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shouval D, Ilan Y, Hourvitz A, Mosseri R, Solomon A, Zychowicz A, Gornicki J, Czubkowska I, Madalinski K, Burczynska B, Adler R, Gorecki M, Koren R (eds) (1994b) Immunogenicity of a mammalian cell-derived recombinant hepatitis B vaccine containing preS2 and preSl antigens: a preliminary report. Viral Hepatitis Liver Dis

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegl G,Weitz M (1993) Pathogenesis of hepatitis A: persistent viral infection as basis of an acute disease? Microb Pathog 14:1–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simons JN, Leary TP, Dawson GJ, et al (1995) Isolation of novel virus-like sequences associated with human hepatitis. Nat Med 1:564–569

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sitrin R, Wampler D, Ellis R (1993) Survey of licensed hepatitis B vaccines and their production processes. In: Ellis R (ed) Hepatitis B vaccines in clinical practice. Dekker, New York, pp 83–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Sjögren MH, Purcell RH, McKee K, Binn L, Macarthy P, Ticehurst J, Feinstone S, Caudil J, See A, Hoke C et al (1992) Clinical and laboratory observations following oral or intramuscular administation of a live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine candidate. Vaccine 10 [Suppl 1]:S135–S137

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Standring D, Ou J, Rutter W (1986) Assembly of viral particles in Xenopus oocytes: pre-surface-antigens regulate secretion of the hepatitis B viral surface envelope particle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:9338–9342

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stapleton JT (1995) Host immune response to hepatitis A virus. J Infect Dis 171 [Suppl 1]:S9–S14

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stapleton JT, Lemon SM (1987) Neutralization escape mutants define a dominant immunogenic neutralization site on hepatitis A virus. J Virol 61:491–498

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stapleton JT, Lemon SM (1997) New Vaccines Against Hepatitis A. In: Levine MM, Woodrow GC, Kaper JB, Cobon GS (ed) New generation vaccines. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 571–585

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens C, Beasley R, Tsuji J, Lee W (1975) Vertical transmission of hepatitis B in Taiwan. N Engl J Med 292:771–774

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stickl H, Hochstein-Mintzel V, Mayr A, Huber H, Schäfer H, Holzner A (1974) MVA- Stufenimpfung gegen Pocken Klinische Erprobung des attenuierten Pocken- Lebendimpfstoffes Stamm MVA. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 99:2386–2392

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stokes J Jr, Neefe J (1945) The preventio and attenuation of infectious hepatitis by gamma globulin. JAMA 127:144–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki H, Iino S, Shiraki K, Akahane Y, Okamoto H, Domoto K, Mishiro S (1994) Safety and efficacy of a recombinant yeast-derived pre-S2+S containig hepatitis B vaccine (TGP-943): phase 1 phase 2 and 3 clinical testing. Vaccine 12:1090–1096

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Szmuness W, Stevens C, Harley E, Zang E, Oleszko W, William D, Sadovshy R, Morrison J, Kellner A (1980) Hepatitis B vaccine: demonstration of efficacy in a controlled clinical trial in a high risk population in the United States. N Engl J Med 303:833–841

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tacket C, Kelly S, Schödel F, Losonsky G, Nataro J, Edelman R, Levine M, Curtiss R III Safety and immunogenicity in humans of an attenuated Salmonella typhi vaccine vector strain expressing plasmid-encoded hepatitis B antigens stabilized by the ASD balanced-lethal system (in preparation)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tacket CO, Losonsky G, Lubeck M, Davis A, Mizutani S, Horwith G, Hung P, Edelman R, Levine MM (1992) Initial safety and immunogenicity studies of an oral recombinant adeno-hepatitis B vaccine. Vaccine 10:673–676

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang D-C, De Vit M, Johnston S (1992) Genetic immunization is a simple method for eliciting an immune response. Nature 356:152–154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tartaglia J, Perkus ME, Taylor J, Norton EK, Audonnet JC, Cox WI, Davis SW, Vanderhoeven J, Meignier B, Riviere M, Languet B, Paoletti E (1992) Nyvac - a highly attenuated strain of vaccinia virus. Virology 188:217–232

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor JM (1996) Hepatitis delta virus and its replication. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM et al (eds) Fields virology, vol 2,, 3rd edn. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia; pp 2809–2818

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor J, Weinberg R, Languet B, Desmettre P, Paoletti E (1988) Recombinant fowlpox virus inducing protective immunity in non-avian species. Vaccine 6:497–503

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thanavala Y, Yang Y, Lyons P, Mason F, Arntzen C (1995) Immunogenicity of transgenic plant-derived hepatitis B surface antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:3358–3361

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thoma H, Hemmerling A, Koller E, Kaper G (1991) Does preS2 have the same effect in improving the HBV immune response as preSl. In: Hollinger F, Lemon S, Margolis H (eds) Viral hepatitis and liver disease. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 736–741

    Google Scholar 

  • Thornton G, Milich D, Chisari F, Mitamura K, Kent S, Neurath R, Purcell R, Gerin J (1987) Immune responses in primates to the pre-S2 region of hepatitis-B surface antigen: Identification of a protective determinant. In: Chanock R, Lerner R, Brown F, Ginsberg H (eds) Vaccines 87. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor

    Google Scholar 

  • Thornton G, Moriarty A, Milich D, Eichberg J, Purcell R, Gerin J (1989) Protection of chimpanzees from hepatitis-B virus infection after immunization with synthetic peptides: identification of protective epitopes in the pre-S region. In: Brown F, Chanock R, Ginsberg H, Lerner R (eds) Vaccines 89. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor

    Google Scholar 

  • Tian-Cheng L, Yoshio Y, Kenji S, Masashi T, Mohammed A, Azeez R, Toshikazu U, Naokazu T, Tatsuo M (1997) Expression and self-assembly of empty virus-like particles of hepatitis E virus. J Virol 71:7207–7213

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiollais P, Pourcel C, Dejean A (1985) The hepatitis B virus. Nature 317:489–495

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tron F (1994) Hepatitis B virus recombinant vaccines: achievement and progress. In: Kurstak E (ed) Modem vaccinology. Plenum, New York, pp 153–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsai SL, Chen PJ, Lai MY, Yang PM, Sung JL, Huang JH, Hwang LH, Chang TH, Chen DS (1992) Acute exacerbations of chronic type B-hepatitis are accompanied by increased T-cell responses to hepatitis-B core and E-antigens - implications for hepatitis-B E-antigen seroconversion. J Clin Invest 89:87–96

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsarev SA, Emerson SU, Tsareva TS et al (1993) Variation in course of hepatitis E in experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys. J Infect Dis 167:1302–1306

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsarev SA, Tsareva TS, Emerson SU et al (1994) Successful passive and active immunization of cynomolgous monkeys against hepatitis E. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:10198–10202

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsarev SA, Tsareva TS, Emerson SU, Govindarajan S, Shapiro M, Gerin JL, Robinson R, Gorbalenya AE, Purcell RH (1996) Prospects for prevention of hepatitis E. In: Buisson Y, Coursaget P, Kane M (eds) Enterically-transmitted hepatitis viruses. France, La Simarre Tours, pp 373–383

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulmer J, Donnelly J, Parker S, Rhodes G, Felgner P, Gromkowski S, Deck R, DeWitt C, Friedman A, Hawe L, Leander K, Martinez D, Perry H, Shiver J, Montgomery D, Liu M (1993) Heterologous protection against influenza by injection of DNA encoding a viral protein. Science 259:1745–1749

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valenzuela P, Gray P, Quiroga M, Zaldivar J, Goodman H, Rutter W (1979) Nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for the major protein of hepatitis B virus surface antigen. Nature 280:815–819

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valenzuela P, Medina A, Rutter W, Ammerer G, Hall B (1982) Synthesis and assembly of hepatitis B virus surface antigen particles in yeast. Nature 298:347–350

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vallbracht A, Hoffmann L, Wurster KG, Flehmig B (1984) Persistend infection of human fibroblasts by hepatitis A virus. J Gen Virol 65:609–615

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vallbracht A, Maier K, Stierhof YD, Wiedmann KH, Flehmig B, Fleischer B (1989) Liver-derived cytotoxic T cells in hepatitis A virus infection. J Infect Dis 160:209–217

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vento S, Garofano T, Renzini C, Cainelli F, Casali F, Ghironzi G, Ferraro T, Concia E (1998) Fulminant hepatitis associated with hepatitis A virus superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis C. N Engl J Med 338 (5):286–290

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vitiello A, Ishioka G, Grey HM, Rose R, Farness P, Lafond R, Yuan LL, Chisari FV, Furze J, Bartholomeuz R, Chesnut RW (1995) Development of a lipopeptide based therapeutic vaccine to treat chronic Hbv infection 1. Induction of a primary cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response in humans. J Clin Invest 95:341–349

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace LA, Echevarria JE, Echevarria JM, Carman WF (1994) Molecular characterization of envelope antigenic variants of hepatitis-B virus from Spain. J Infect Dis 170:1300–1303

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang B, Ugen K, Srikantan V, Agadjanyan M, Dang K, Refaeli Y, Sato A, Boyer J, Willams W, Weiner D (1993) Gene inoculation generates immune responses against human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:4156–4160

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waters JA, Kennedy M, Voet P, Hauser P, Petre J, Carmann W, Thomas HC (1992) Loss of the common “A” determinant of hepatitis B antigen by a vaccine-induced escape mutant. J Clin Invest 90:2543–2547

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werzberger A, Mensch B, Kuter B, Brown L, Lewis J, Sitrin R, Miller W, Shouval D, Wiens B, Calandra G et al (1992) A controlled trial of a formalin-inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in healthy children. N Engl J Med 327 453–457

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werzberger A, Kuter B, Nalin D (1998) N Engl J Med (publication pending )

    Google Scholar 

  • West D (1993) Scope and design of hepatitis B vaccine clinical trials. In: Ellis R (ed) Hepatitis B vaccines in clinical practice. Dekker, New York, pp 159–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Whittle H, Bradley A, McLauchlan K, Ajdukiewicz A, Howard C, Zuckerman A, McGregor I (1983) Hepatitis B virus infection in two Gambian villages. Lancet i: 1203–1206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whittle HC, Maine N, Pilkington J, Mendy M, Fortuin M, Bunn J, Allison L, Howard C, Hall A (1995) Long-term efficacy of continuing hepatitis-B vaccination in infancy in 2 Gambian villages. Lancet 345:1089–1092

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilde MD, Rutgers T, Cabezon T, Hauser P, Opstaal OV, Harford N, Wijnendaele FV, Desmons P, Comberbach MPR, Safary A, Wiedermann G, Ambrusch FP, Voet Delem A, Petre J (1991) PreS containing HBsAg particles from Saccharomyces cerevisae: production antigenicity and immunogenicity. In: Hollinger F, Lemon S, Margolis H (eds) Viral hepatitis and liver disease. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 732–736

    Google Scholar 

  • Will H, Cattaneo R, Hock H, Darai G, Schaller H, Schellekens H (1982) Cloned HBV DNA causes hepatitis in chimpanzees. Nature 299:740–742

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winokur PL, McLinden JH, Stapleton JT (1991) The hepatitis A virus polyprotein expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus undergoes proteolytic processing and assembly into viruslike particles. J Virol 65:5029–5036

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff J, Malone R, Williams P, Chong W, Ascadi G, Jani A, Felgner P (1990) Direct gene transfer into mouse muscle in vivo. Science 247:1465–1468

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (1994) WHO meeting on nucleic acid vaccines. Vaccine 12:1491–1567

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto K, Horikita M, Tsuda F, Itoh K, Akahane Y, Yotsumoto S, Okamoto H, Miyakawa Y, Mayumi M (1994) Naturally-occurring escape mutants of hepatitis- B virus with various mutations in the S-gene in carriers seropositive for antibody to hepatitis-B surface-antigen. J Virol 68:2671–2676

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yerushalmi B, Raz R, Blondheim O, Shumov E, Koren R, Dagan R (1997) Safety and immunogenicity of a novel mammalian cell-derived recombinant hepatitis B vaccine containing Pre-Sl and Pre-S2 antigens in neonates. Pediatr Infect Dis J 16:587–592

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yap I, Guan R, Chan SH (1995) Study on the comparative immunogenicity of a recombinant-Dna hepatitis-B vaccine containing pre-S components of the Hbv coat protein with non pre-S containing vaccines. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 10:51–55

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng J, Schödel F, Peterson DL (1992) The structure of hepadnaviral core antigens - identification of free thiols and determination of the disulfide bonding pattern. J Biol Chem 267:9422–9429

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman RK, Ruben FL, Ahwesh ER (1997) Hepatitis B virus infection hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin. J Fam Pract 45:295–315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zuckermann JN, McDermott A, Craig FM, Williams A, Madrigal J, Zuckerman A (1996) Immunogenicity of a novel pre-Sl/pre-S2? S hepatitis B vaccine in non- responders and high resolution analysis of HLA haplotypes. In: IXth Triennal international symposium on viral hepatitis and liver disease, Rome Italy

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. F. Schödel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. Minor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Wenner-Gren Institute Department of Immunology The Arrhenius Laboratories F5, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden

    Peter Perlmann (Professor) (Professor)

  2. MTC, Karolinska Institute, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden

    Hans Wigzell (Professor) (Professor)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schödel, F., Minor, P. (1999). Hepatitis and Polio Vaccines. In: Perlmann, P., Wigzell, H. (eds) Vaccines. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 133. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59955-2_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59955-2_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64196-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-59955-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation