Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bacterial Mucosal Vaccines: Vibrio cholerae as a Live Attenuated Vaccine/Vector Paradigm

  • Chapter
Book cover Defense of Mucosal Surfaces: Pathogenesis, Immunity and Vaccines

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 236))

Abstract

Immunization is the most effective public health tool used to control infectious disease. Moreover, immunization is extremely cost effective given that disease treatment is far more expensive than prevention of disease. The cost of vaccines and their administration from birth to age 16 is estimated by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) to be US $500. Each US $1 spent on vaccinations saves US $16 in avoiding costly drug therapies and hospitalizations (Fettner 1994) ultimately saving approximately US $7500 per vaccinated individual. Furthermore, phenomena such as herd immunity can provide protection to a community, even when only a minority of the total population has been vaccinated. Ideally, vaccination leads to the total eradication of an infectious agent that has no alternative hosts or environmental reservoirs, e.g., smallpox and, in the near future, polio.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Albert MJ, Bhuiyan NA, Talukder KA, Faruque ASG, Nahar S, Faruque SM, Ansaruzzaman M, Rahman M (1997) Phenotypic and genotypic changes in Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal. J Clin Microbiol 35:2588–2592

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson RJ, Pasetti MF, Sztein MB, Levine MM, Noriega FR (1997) Immune response induced by a Shigella vaccine strain harboring a eukaryotic expression vector. ASM 97th General Meeting, Miami Beach, FL, May 4–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Barzu S, Fontaine A, Sansonetti P, Phalipon A (1996) Induction of a local anti-IpaC antibody response in mice by use of a Shigella flexneri 2a vaccine candidate: implications for use of IpaC as a protein carrier. Infect Immum 64:1190–1196

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brennan MJ, Burns DL, Meade BD, Shahin RD, Manclark CR (1992) Recent development in the development of pertussis vaccines. In: Ellis RW (ed) Vaccines: new approaches to immunological problems. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, pp 23–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Butterton JR, Beattie DT, Gardel CL, Carroll PA, Hyman T, Killeen KP, Mekalanos JJ, Calderwood SB (1995) Heterologous antigen expression in Vibrio cholerae vector strains. Infect Immun 63:2689–2696

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control (1997) Poliomyelitis prevention in the United States: introduction of a sequential schedule of inactivated poliovirus vaccine followed by oral poliovirus vaccine. 46:RR-3

    Google Scholar 

  • Cholera Working Group (1993) Large epidemic of cholera-like disease in Bangladesh caused by Vibrio cholerae O139 synonym Bengal. Lancet 342:387–390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colwell RC (1996) Global climate and infectious disease: the cholera paradigm. Science 274:2025–2031

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coster TS, Killeen KP, Waldor MK, Beattie DT, Spriggs DR, Kenner JR, Trofa A, Sadoff JC, Mekalanos JJ, Taylor DN (1995) Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of live attenuated Vibrio cholerae 0139 vaccine prototype. Lancet 345:959–952

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cryz SJ, Kaper J, Tacket C, Nataro J, Levine MM (1995) Vibrio cholerae CVD103-HgR live oral attenuated vaccine: construction, safety, immunogenicity, excretion, and non-target effects. Dev Biol Stand 84:237–244

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DiRita VJ, Neely M, Taylor RK, Bruss PM (1996) Differential expression of the ToxR regulon in classical and El Tor biotypes of Vibrio cholerae is due to biotype-specific control over toxT expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:7991–7995

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards MF, Stocker BAD (1984) Construction of ΔaroA his ΔpurA strains of Salmonella typhi. J Bacteriol 170:3991–3995

    Google Scholar 

  • Faruque SM, Ahmed KM, Abdul Alim ARM, Qadri F, Siddique AK, Albert J (1997) Emergence of a new clone of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype E1 Tor displacing V. cholerae Ol39 Bengal in Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol 35:624–630

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Faruque SM, Ahmed SM, Siddique AK, Zaman K, Abdul Amin ARM, Albert J (1997) Molecular analysis of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae Ol39 Bengal strains isolated in Bangladesh between 1993 and 1996: evidence for emergence of a new clone of the Bengal vibrios. J Clin Microbiol 35:2299–2306

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fettner A (1994) A Crack in the shield - our unvaccinated children. A report on the colloquium. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, December 11–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Fontaine A, Arondel J, Sansonetti PJ (1990) Construction and evaluation of live attenuated vaccine strains of Shigella flexneri and Shigella dysenteriae 1. Res Microbiol 141:907–912

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gentschev K, Hess J, Goebel W (1990) Change in the cellular localization of alkaline phosphatase by alteration of its carboxy-terminal sequence. Mol Gen Genet 222:211–216

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez C, Hone D, Noriega F, et al. (1994) S. typhi vaccine strain CVD 908 expressing circumspor- ozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum: strain construction and safety and immunogenicity in humans. J Infect Dis 169:927–931

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haider K, Metcalfe KA, Beattie DT, Killeen KP (1995) Vibrio-vectored Shigella sonnei O-antigen bio- synthetic genes. 95th General Meeting of the American Society of Micriobiology

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrington DA, Hall RH, Losonsky G, Mekalanos JJ, Taylor RK, Levine MM (1988) Toxin, toxin- coregulated pili, and the toxR regulon are essential for Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis in humans. J Exp Med 168:1487–1492

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hess J, Gentschev I, Miko D, Welzel M, Ladel C, Goebel W, Kaufmann SHE (1996) Superior efficacy of secreted over somatic antigen display in recombinant Salmonella vaccine induced protection against Listeriosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:1458–1463

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hess J, Dietrich G, Gentschev I, Miko D, Goebel W, Kaufmann SHE (1997) Protection against murine Listeriosis by an attenuated recombinant Salmonella typhimurium vaccine strain that secretes the naturally somatic antigen superoxide dismutase. Infect Immun 65:1286–1292

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hohmann EL, Oletta CA, Miller SI (1996) Evaluation of a phoP/phoQ-deleted, aroA-deleted Live Oral S. typhi vaccine strain in human volunteers. Vaccine 14:19–24

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hohmann EL, Oletta CA, Killeen KP, Miller SI (1996) phoP/phoQ-deleted S. typhi.(Ty800) is a safe and immunogenic single-dose typhoid fever vaccine in volunteers. J Infect Dis 173:1408–1414

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hone DM, Attridge SR, Forrest B, Morona R, Daniels D, LaBrooy JT, Bartholomeusz RZ, Shearman DJ, Hackett J (1988) A galE via (Vi antigen-negative) mutant of S. typhi Ty2 retains virulence in humans. Infect Immun 56:1326–1333

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jordan Report (1996) Accelerated Development of Vaccines. Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease. National Institutes of Health

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaper JB, Lockman H, Balini M, Levine MM (1984) Recombinant nontoxinogenic Vibrio cholerae strains as attenuated cholera vaccine candidates. Nature 308:655–658

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Käppeli O, Auberson L (1997) The science and intricacy of environmental safety evaluations. Tibtech 15:342–349

    Google Scholar 

  • Karolis DKR, Lan R, Reeves PR (1995) The sixth and seventh cholera pandemics are due to independent clones separately derived from environmental, nontoxigenic, non-O1 Vibrio cholerae. J Bacteriol 177:3191–3198

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann SHE (1996) Concepts in vaccine development, de Gruyter, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenner JR, Coster TS, Taylor DN, Trofa AF, Barrera-Oro M, Hyman T, Adams JM, Beattie DT, Killeen KP, Spriggs DR, Mekalanos JJ, Sadoff JC (1995) Peru-15, an improved live attenuated oral vaccine candidate for Vibrio cholerae 01. J Infect Dis 172:1126–1129

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine MM, Ferreccio C, Black RE, Germanier R (1987) Large-scale field trial of Ty21a live oral typhoid vaccine in enteric-coated capsule formulation. Lancet 1:1049–1052

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine MM, Herrington D, Murphy JR, et al. (1987) Safety, infectivity, immunogenicity and in vivo stability of two attenuated auxotrophic mutant strains of S. typhi 541Ty and 543Ty, as live oral vaccines in man. J Clin Invest 79:888–902

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine MM, Kaper JB, Herrington D, Losonsky G, Morris JG, Clements M, Black RE, Tall B, Hall R (1988) Volunteer studies of deletion mutants of Vibrio cholerae 01 prepared by recombinant techniques. Infect Immun 56:161–167

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine MM, Kaper JB, Herrington D, Ketley J, Losonsky G, Tacket CO, Tall B, Cryz R (1988) Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of recombinant live oral cholera vaccines, CVD 103 and CVD 103-HgR. Lancet ii:467–470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li A, Tibor P, Forsum U, Lindberg AA (1992) Safety and immunogenicity of live oral auxotrophic Shigella flexneri SFK24 in volunteers. Vaccine 10:395–404

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz MG, Wackernagel W (1994) Bacterial gene transfer by natural genetic transformation in the environment. Microbiol Rev 58:563–602

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manning PA, Stroeher UH, Moron a R (1994) Molecular basis for O-antigen biosynthesis in Vibrio cholerae Ol: Ogawa-Inaba switching. In: Wacksmuth IK, Blake PA, Olsvik O (eds) Vibrio cholerae and cholera. ASM Press, Washington, DC, pp 77–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Mekalanos J J, Swartz DJ, Pearson GD, Harford N, Groyne F, deWilde M (1983) Cholera toxin genes: nucleotide sequence, deletion analysis and vaccine development. Nature 306:551–557

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mekalanos JJ, Waldor MK, Gardel CL, Coster TR, Kenner J, Killeen KP, Beattie DT, Trofa A, Taylor DN, Sadoff JC (1995) Live cholera vaccines: perspectives on their construction and safety. Bull Inst Pasteur 93:255–262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mekalanos JJ (1994) Live bacterial vaccines: environmental aspects. Curr Opin Biotech 5:312–319

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mooi RF, Bik EM (1997) The evolution of epidemic Vibrio cholerae strains. Trends Microbiol 5:161–165

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakayama K, Kelly SM, Curtiss III R (1988) Construction of an ASD+ expression-cloning vector: stable maintenance and high level expression of cloned genes in a Salmonella vaccine strain. Biotechnology 6:693–697

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parsot C, Taxman E, Mekalanos J J (1991) ToxT regulated the production of lipoproteins and the expression of serum resistance in Vibrio cholerae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 88:1641–1645

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson GDN, Woods A, Chaing S Mekalanos JJ (1993) CTX genetic element encodes a site-specific recombination system and an intestinal colonization factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:3750–3754

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan ET, Butterton JR, Zhang T, Baker MA, Stanley, Jr. SL, Calderwood SB (1997) Oral immunization with attenuated vaccine strains of Vibrio cholerae expressing a dodecapeptide repeat of the serine-rich entamoeba histolytica protein fused to the cholera toxin B subunit induces systemic and mucosal antiamebic and anti-V. cholerae antibody responses in mice. Infect Immun 65:3118–3125

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan ET, Butterton JR, Smith RN, Carroll PA, Crean TI, Calderwood SB (1997) Protective immunity against Clostridium difficile toxin A induced by oral immunization with a live, attenuated Vibrio cholerae vector strain. Infect Immun 65:2941–2949

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sack DA, Sack RB, Shimko J, Gomes G, O’Sullivan D, Metcalfe K, and Spriggs D (1997a) Evaluation of Peru-15, a new live oral vaccine for cholera, in volunteers. J Infect Dis 176:201–205

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sack DA, Shimko J, Sack RB, Gomes G, MacLeod K, O’Sullivan D, Spriggs D (1997b) Comparison of alternative buffers for use with a new live oral cholera vaccine, Peru-15, in outpatient volunteers. Infect Immun 65:2107–2111

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma C, Balakrish Nair N, Mukhopadhyay AK, Bhattacharya SK, Ghosh RK, Ghosh A (1997) Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype E1 Tor strains isolated between 1992 and 1995 in Calcutta, India: evidence for the emergence of a new clone of the E1 Tor biotype. J Infect Dis 175:1134–1141

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sizemore, DR, Branstrom, AA, Sadoff, JC (1997) Attenuated bacteria as a DNA delivery vehicle for DNA-mediated immunization. Vaccine 15:804–807

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stover CK (1994) Recombinant vaccine delivery systems and encoded vaccines. Curr Opin Immunol 6:568–571

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stroeher UH, Jedani KE, Dredge BK, Morona R, Brown MH, Karageorgos LE, Albert MJ, Manning PA (1995) Genetic rearrangements in the rfb regions of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O1 39. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:10374–10378

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suharyono C, Simanjuntak N, Witham N, Punjabi K, Heppner G, Losonsky G, Totsusdirjo H, Rifai A, Clemens J, Lim Y, Burr D, Wasserman S, Kaper J, Sorenson S, Cryz S, Levine M (1992) Safety and immunogenicity of single-dose live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR in 5–9 year-old Indonesian children. Lancet 340:689–694

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sztein MB, Wasserman SS, Tacket CO, et al. (1994) Cytokine production patterns and lymphoprolif- erative responses in volunteers orally immunized with attenuated vaccine strains of Salmonella typhi. J Infect Dis 170:1508–1517

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tacket CO, Hone DM, Losonsky GA, Guers L, Edelman R, Levine MM (1992) Clinical acceptability and immunogenicity of CVD 908 S. typhi vaccine strain. Vaccine 10:443–446

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tacket CO, Hone DM, Curtiss R, III, et al. (1992) Comparison of the safety and immunogenicity ΔaroC ΔaroD and ΔcyaΔcrp S. typhi strains in adult volunteers. Infect Immun 60:536–541

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tacket CO, Kelly SA, Schodel F, Losonsky G, Nataro JP, Edelman R, Levine MM, Curtiss III,R. (1997) Safety and immunogenicity in humans of an attenuated S. typhi vaccine vector strain expressing plasmid-encoded hepatitis B antigens stabilized by the Asd-balanced lethal vector system. Infect Immun 65:33881–33885

    Google Scholar 

  • Tacket CO, Sztein MB, Losonsky GA, et al. (1997) Safety and immune response in humans of live oral S. typhi vaccine strains deleted in htrA and aroC, aroD. Infect Immun 65:452–456

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tacket CO, Kelly SM, Schodel F, et al. (1997) Safety and immunogenicity in humans of an attenuated S. typhi vaccine vector strain expressing plasmid-encoded hepatitis B antigens stabilized by the ASD balanced lethal system. Infect Immun 65:3381–3385

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tzschaschel BD, Klee SR, de Lorenzo V, Timmis KN, Guzmán CA (1996) Towards a vaccine candidate against Shigella dysenteriae 1: expression of the Shiga toxin B-subunit in an attenuated Shigella flexneri aroD carrier strain. Micro Path 21:277–288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Veal DA, Stokes HW, Daggard G (1992) Genetic exchange in natural microbial communities. Adv Microb Ecol 12:383–430

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahdan MH, Serie C, Cerisier Y, Sallam S, Germanier R (1982) A controlled field trial of live S. typhi strain Ty21 a oral vaccine against typhoid: three year results. J Infect Dis 145:292–296

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waldor MK, Mekalanos J J (1996a) Vibrio cholerae: molecular pathogenesis, immune response, and vaccine development. In: Paradise LJ (ed) Enteric infections and immunity. Plenum, New York, pp 37–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Waldor MK, Mekalanos JJ (1996b) Lysogenic conversion by a filamentous phage encoding cholera toxin. Science 272:1910–1914

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waldor MK, Tschäpe H, Mekalanos J J (1996) A new type of conjugative transposon encodes resistance to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and streptomycin in Vibrio cholerae O139. J Bacteriol 178: 4157– 4165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson M, Lindow SE (1993) Release of recombinant microorganisms. Annu Rev Microbiol 47:913–944

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (1996) Report of the meeting on new strategies of accelerating Shigella vaccine development. 25–26 November, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Virus Research Institute, Cambridge, USA

    K. Killeen & D. Spriggs

  2. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School and the Shipley Institute of Medicine, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    J. Mekalanos

Authors
  1. K. Killeen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. Spriggs
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. Mekalanos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland

    Jean-Pierre Kraehenbuhl

  2. GI Cell Biology Laboratory, Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Marian R. Neutra

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Killeen, K., Spriggs, D., Mekalanos, J. (1999). Bacterial Mucosal Vaccines: Vibrio cholerae as a Live Attenuated Vaccine/Vector Paradigm. In: Kraehenbuhl, JP., Neutra, M.R. (eds) Defense of Mucosal Surfaces: Pathogenesis, Immunity and Vaccines. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 236. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59951-4_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59951-4_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64194-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-59951-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation