Abstract
In the research of optical devices and circuits, a principal theoretical problem is to calculate how a lightwave propagates in an optical medium having an arbitrary refractive-index distribution. Optical waveguide devices are usually very long compared to their transversal dimensions: the ratio is typically of the order of a thousand. Therefore, a rigorous analysis is difficult or not possible at all.
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Pregla, R., von Reden, W., Hoekstra, H.J.W.M., Baghdasaryan, H.V. (1999). Beam propagation methods. In: Guekos, G. (eds) Photonic Devices for Telecommunications. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59889-0_2
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