Abstract
A database of positron-emission-tomography studies published between January 1993 and November 1996 was created to address several questions regarding the function and connectivity of the human anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Using this database, we have previously reported on the relationship between behavioural variables and the probability of blood-flow response in distinct subdivisions of the ACC. The goal of the current analysis was to discover which areas of the frontal cortex show increased blood-flow co-occurring consistently with increased blood-flow in the ACC. Analyses of the frequency distributions of peaks in the ACC and the remaining frontal cortex (FC) yielded several important findings. First, FC peaks in the precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus and orbitomedial frontal gyri were more frequent in subtractions that also yielded a peak in the ACC than in those that did not yield an ACC peak. Second, regional differences in the frequency distribution of these FC peaks were observed when the ACC peaks were subdivided into the rostral versus caudal ACC and supracallosal versus subcallosal ACC. Peaks in the precentral gyrus and in the vicinity of the supplementary motor area were more prevalent in subtractions with co-occurring peaks in the caudal than with the rostral ACC. Peaks in the middle frontal gyrus were more frequent in subtractions with co-occurring peaks in the paralimbic part of the supracallosal ACC, relative to the subcallosal or limbic supracallosal ACC. These observations are consistent with known differences in the anatomic connectivity in these cortical regions, as defined in non-human primates. Further analyses of the influence of behavioural variables on the relationships between the ACC and other regions of the frontal cortex suggested that this type of meta-analysis may provide testable hypotheses about functional and effective connectivity within the human frontal lobe.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
An X, Bandler R, Ongur D, Price J (1998) Prefrontal cortical projections to longitudinal columns in the midbrain periaqueductal grey in macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol 401:455–479
Barbas H (1995) Anatomic basis of cognitive-emotional interactions in the primate prefrontal cortex. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 19:499–510
Barbas H (1997) Two prefrontal limbic systems: their common and unique features. In: Sakata H, Mikami A, Fuster J (eds) The association cortex: structure and function. Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, pp 99–116
Barbas H, Pandya DN (1989) Architecture and intrinsic connections of the prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol 286:353–375
Bates JF, Goldman-Rakic PS (1993) Prefrontal connections of medial motor areas in the rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol 336:211–228
Bechara A, Tranel D, Damasio H, Damasio A (1996) Failure to respond autonomically to anticipated future outcomes following damage to prefrontal cortex. Cereb Cortex 6:215–225
Bohning D, Shastri A, Nahas Z, Lorberbaum J, Andersen S, Dannels W, Haxthausen E, Vincent D, George M (1998) Echo-planar BOLD fMRI of the brain activation induced by concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation. Invest Radiol 33:336–340
Braak H (1976) A primitive gigantopyramidal field buried in the depth of the cingulate sulcus of the human brain. Brain Res 109:219–233
Devinsky O, Morrell MJ, Vogt BA (1995) Contributions of anterior cingulate cortex to behaviour. Brain 118:279–306
Drevets W, Price J, Simpson J, Todd R, Reich T, Vannier M, Raichle M (1997) Subgenual prefrontal cortex abnormalities in mood disorders. Nature 386:824–827
Dum RP, Strick PL (1991) The origin of corticospinal projections from the premotor areas in the frontal lobe. J Neurosci 11: 667–689
Fox P, Lancaster JL (1996) Neuroscience on the net. Science 226:994–996
Fox P, Parsons LM, Lancaster JL (1998) Beyond the single study: function/location metaanalysis in cognitive neuroimaging. Curr Opin Neurobiol 8:178–187
Friston KJ, Frith CD, Liddle PF, Frackowiak RS (1993) Functional connectivity: the principal-component analysis of large (PET) data sets. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 13:5–14
Friston KJ, Frith CD, Fletcher P (1996) Functional topography: multidimensional scaling and functional connectivity in the brain. Cereb Cortex 6:156–164
Goldman-Rakic PS (1987) Circuitry of primate prefrontal cortex and regulation of behavior by representational memory. In: Plum F (ed) Handbook of physiology. The nervous system, Vol 5. American Physiological Society, Bethesda, pp 373–417
Goldman-Rakic P (1988) Topography of cognition: parallel distributed networks in primate association cortex. Annu Rev Neurosci 11:137–156
He SQ, Dum RP, Strick PL (1995) Topographic organization of corticospinal projections from the frontal lobe: motor areas on the medial surface of the hemisphere. J Neurosci 15:3284–3306
Horwitz B, Mcintosh AR, Haxby JV, Grady CL (1995) Network analysis of brain cognitive function using metabolic and blood flow data. Behav Brain Res 66:187–193
Ilmoniemi R, Virtanen J, Ruohonen J, Karhu J, Aronen H, Naatanen R, Katila T (1997) Neuronal responses to magnetic stimulation reveal cortical reactivity and connectivity. Neuroreport 8:3537–3540
Kaada B (1960) Cingulate, posterior orbital, anterior insular and temporal pole cortex. In: Field J, Magoun H, Hall V (eds) Neurophysiology, Vol II. American Physiological Society, Washington DC, pp 1345–1372
Kaada B, Jasper H (1952) Respiratory responses to stimulation of temporal pole, insula, and hippocampal and limbic gyri in man. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 68:609–619
Kabani N, Collins L, Evans A (1997) Hemispheric differences in gray matter volume of adult human brain (abstract). Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, Poster Presentation
Kunishio K, Haber S (1994) Primate cingulostriatal projection: Limbic striatal versus sensorimotor striatal input. J Comp Neurol 350:337–356
Luppino G, Matelli M, Camarda RM, Gallese V, Rizzolatti G (1991) Multiple representations of body movements in mesial area 6 and the adjacent cingulate cortex: an intracortical microstimulation study in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 311:463–482
Luppino G, Matelli M, Camarda R, Rizzolatti G (1993) Corticocorti-cal connections of area F3 (SMA-proper) and area F6 (pre-SMA) in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 338:114–140
Matelli M, Luppino G, Rizzolatti G (1991) Architecture of superior and mesial area 6 and the adjacent cingulate cortex in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 311:445–462
Mayberg H (1997) Limbic-cortical dysregulation: a proposed model of depression. J Neuropsychiat 9:471–481
Mcintosh AR, Grady CL, Ungerleider LG, Haxby JV, Rapoport SI, Horwitz B (1994) Network analysis of cortical visual pathways mapped with PET. J Neurosci 14:655–666
Mcintosh AR, Bookstein FL, Haxby JV, Grady CL (1996) Spatial pattern analysis of functional brain images using partial least squares. Neuroimage 3:143–57
McIntosh AR, Rajah MN, Lobaugh NJ (1999) Interactions of prefrontal cortex in relation to awareness in sensory learning. Science 284:1531–1533
Mesulam MM (1981) A cortical network for directed attention and unilateral neglect. Ann Neurol 10:309–325
Morecraft RJ, Van Hoesen GW (1992) Cingulate input to the primary and supplementary motor cortices in the rhesus monkey: evidence for somatotopy in areas 24c and 23c. J Comp Neurol 322:471–489
Morecraft RJ, Van Hoesen GW (1993) Frontal granular cortex input to the cingulate (M3), supplementary (M2) and primary (M1) motor cortices in the rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol 337:669–689
Morecraft RJ, Geula C, Mesulam MM (1993) Architecture of connectivity within a cingulo-fronto-parietal neurocognitive network for directed attention. Arch Neurol 50:279–284
Neafsey E (1990) Prefrontal cortical control of the autonomic nervous system: anatomical and physiological observations. In: Uylings H, VanEden C, DeBruin J, Corner J, Feenstra M (eds) Progress in brain research, Vol 85. Elsevier Science, New York,pp 147–166
Ongur D, An X, Price J (1998) Prefrontal cortical projections to the hypothalamus in macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol 401:480–505
Paus T, Petrides M, Evans AC, Meyer E (1993) Role of the human anterior cingulate cortex in the control of oculomotor, manual, and speech responses: a positron emission tomography study. J Neurophysiol 70:453–469
Paus T, Tomaiuolo F, Otaky N, MacDonald D, Petrides M, Atlas J, Morris R, Evans A (1996) Human cingulate and paracingulate suci: pattern, variability, asymmetry, and probabilistic map. Cereb Cortex 6:207–214
Paus T, Jech R, Thompson CJ, Comeau R, Peters T, Evans AC (1997) Transcranial magnetic stimulation during positron emission tomography: a new method for studying connectivity of the human cerebral cortex. J Neurosci 17:3178–3184
Paus T, Koski L, Caramanos Z, Westbury C (1998) Regional differences in the effects of task difficulty and motor output on blood flow response in the human anterior cingulate cortex: a review of 107 PET activation studies. Neuroreport 9:R37-R47
Petrides M (1989) Frontal lobes and memory. In: Boller F, Grafman J (eds) Handbook of neuropsychology, Vol 3. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam New York, pp 75–90
Petrides M (1996) Specialized systems for the processing of mnemonic information within the primate frontal cortex. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 351:1455–1462
Petrides M, Pandya DN (1994) Comparative architectonic analysis of the human and the macaque frontal cortex. In: Boller F, Grafman J (eds) Handbook of neuropsychology. Vol 3. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam New York, pp 17–58
Picard N, Strick PL (1996) Motor areas of the medial wall: a review of their location and functional activation. Cereb Cortex 6:342–353
Pool J, Ransohoff J (1949) Autonomic effects on stimulating rostral portion of cingulate gyri in man. J Neurophysiol 12:385–392
Posner MI, Petersen SE (1990) The attention system of the human brain. Annu Rev Neurosci 13:25–42
Sanides F (1964) Structure and function of the human frontal lobe. Neuropsychologia 2:209–219
Sarkissov S, Filimonoff J, Kononova E, Preobraschenskaja I, Kukuew L (1955) Atlas of the cytoarchitectonics of the human cerebral cortex. Medzig, Moscow
Shima K, Aya K, Mushiake H, Inase M, Aizawa H, Tanji J (1991) Two movement-related foci in the primate cingulate cortex observed in signal-triggered and self-paced forelimb movements. J Neurophysiol 65:188–202
Tabachnick B, Fidell L (1989) Using multivariate statistics. Harper and Row, New York
Talairach J, Tournoux P (1988) Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain. Thieme Medical, New York
Vogt BA, Pandya DN (1987) Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey. II. Cortical afferents. J Comp Neurol 262:271–289
Vogt BA, Pandya DN, Rosene DL (1987) Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey. I. Cytoarchitecture and thalamic afferents. J Comp Neurol 262:256–270
Vogt BA, Nimchinsky EA, Vogt LJ, Hof PR (1995) Human cingulate cortex: surface features, flat maps, and cytoarchitecture. J Comp Neurol 359:490–506
Zilles K, Schlaug G, Matelli M, Luppino G, Schleicher A, Qu M, Dabringhaus A, Seitz R, Roland PE (1995) Mapping of human and macaque sensorimotor areas by integrating architectonic, transmitter receptor, MRI and PET data. J Anat 187:515–537
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Koski, L., Paus, T. (2000). Functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex within the human frontal lobe: a brain-mapping meta-analysis. In: Schneider, W.X., Owen, A.M., Duncan, J. (eds) Executive Control and the Frontal Lobe: Current Issues. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59794-7_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59794-7_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64128-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-59794-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive