Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Psychiatrie der Gegenwart ((SPEZIELLE,volume 8))

  • 231 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Die in den vergangenen 15-20 Jahren erzielten technischen Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Bildgebung wie Positronenemissionstomographie (PET), Single-Photon-Emissions-Computertomographie (SPECT) und Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) haben die Kluft zwischen der Grundlagenforschung in den Neurowissenschaften und der klinischen Forschung überbrückt. Ihre Anwendung zur Erforschung des Drogenmißbrauchs hat es möglich gemacht, daß pharmakologische Mechanismen, die den verstärkenden und toxischen Eigenschaften von Drogenmißbrauch zugrunde liegen, und die neurochemischen und metabolischen Veränderungen, die im Zusammenhang mit Sucht auftreten, direkt im menschlichen Gehirn untersucht werden können.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Abi-Dargham A, Laruelle M, Seibyl J et al. (1994) SPECT measurement of benzodiazepine receptors in human brain with iodine - iomazenil: kinetic and equilibrium paradigms. J Nucl Med 35:228–239

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andrew RF (1994) Introduction to nuclear magnetic resonance. In: Gillies RJ (ed) NMR in physiology and biomedicine. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 1–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Barkley RA (1977) A review of stimulant drug research with hyperactive children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 8:137–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter LR, Phelps ME, Mazziotta J, Guze BH, Schwartz JM, Selin CE (1987) Local cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obsessive compulsive disorder: a comparison with rates in unipolar depression and normal controls. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44:211–218

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter LR Jr, Schwartz JM, Phelps ME et al. (1988) Localization of neurochemical effects of cocaine and other stimulants in the human brain. J Clin Psychiatry 49:23–26

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergstrom M, Nordberg A, Lunell E, Antoni G, Langstrom B (1995) Regional deposition of inhaled nC-nicotine vapor in the human airway as visualized by positron emission tomography. Clin Pharmacol Ther 57:309–317

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boag F, Havard CWH (1985) Cardiac arrhythmia and myocardial ischaemia related to cocaine and alcohol consumption. Postgrad Med J 61:997–999

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braestrup C, Albrechsten R, Squires RF (1977) High densities of benzodiazepine receptors in human cortical areas. Nature 269:702–704

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brodal A (1981) Neurological anatomy. Oxford Univ Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchsbaum MS, Wu J, Haier et al. (1987) Positron emission tomography assessment of effects of Benzodiazepines on regional glucose metabolic rate in patients with anxiety disorder. Life Sei 40:2393–2400

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cameron OG, Modell JG, Hariharan M (1990) Caffeine and human cerebral blood flow: a positron emission tomography study. Life Sei 47:1141–1146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Childress AR, Mozley D, Fitzgerald J, Reivich M, Jaggi J, O’Brien CP (1995) Limbic activation during cue-induced cocaine craving. Abstr Soc Neurosci 767.1

    Google Scholar 

  • Dachis CA, Gold MS (1985) New concepts in cocaine addiction: the dopamine depletion hypothesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 9:469–477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Derety J, Sjoholm H, Ryding E, Stenberg G, Ingvar D (1990) The cerebellum partieipates in mental activity: tomographic measurements of regional cerebral blood flow. Brain Res 535:313–317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeWit H, Metz J, Wagner N, Cooper M (1990) Behavioral and subjective effects of ethanol: relationship to cerebral metabolism using PET. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 14:482–489

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeWit H, Metz J, Wagner N, Cooper M (1991) Effects of diazepam on cerebral metabolism and mood in normal volunteers. Neuropsyschopharmacology 5:33–41

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eccles JC (1973) The cerebellum as a Computer: patterns in Space and time. J Physiol 229:1–32

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler JS, Volkow ND, Wolf AP et al. (1989) Mapping cocaine binding in human and baboon brain in vivo. Synapse 4:371–377

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler JS, Volkow ND, MacGregor RR, Logan J, Dewey SL, Gatley SJ, Wolf AP (1992 a) Comparative PET studies of the kinetics and distribution of cocaine and cocaethylene in baboon brain. Synapse 12:220–227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler JS, Volkow ND, Logan J, Mac-Gregor RR, Wang GJ, Wolf AP (1992 b) Alcohol intoxication does not change cocaine pharmaeokinetics in human brain and heart. Synapse 12:228–235

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler JS, Ding YS, Volkow N et al. (1994) PET studies of cocaine Inhibition of the myocardial norepinephrine uptake. Synapse 16:312–317

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler JS, Volkow ND, Wang GJ et al. (1996) Inhibition of MAOB in the brains of smokers. Nature 379733-736

    Google Scholar 

  • Frost JJ, Wagner HN, Dannais RF et al. (1985) Imaging opiate receptors in the human brain by positron tomography. J Comp Assist Tomogr 9:231–236

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galynker I, Schlyer DJ, Dewey SL et al. (1996) Opioid receptor imaging and displacement studies with [6-0-[n C]methyl]-buprenorphine in baboon brain. Nucl Med Biol 23(3):325–331

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gatley SJ, Gifford A, Makriyannis A, Volkow ND (1996) Iodine-labeled AM 251: a radioiodinated ligand with binding in vivo to mouse brain CBi cannabinoid receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 307:331–338

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman LS, Gilman A (1990) The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 8th edn. Pergamon, New York, p 549

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant BF, Harford TC (1990) Concurrent and simultaneous use of alcohol with cocaine: results of national survey. Drug Alcohol Depend 25:97–104

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hartvig P, Bergström K, Lindberg B et al. (1984) Kinetics of uC-labeled Opiates in the brain of rhesus monkeys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 230:250–255

    Google Scholar 

  • Hearn WL, Rose S, Wagner J, Ciarleglio A, Mash DC (1991a) Cocaethylene is more potent than cocaine in mediating lethality. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 39:531–533

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hearn WL, Flynn DD, Hirne GW et al. (1991b) Cocaethylene: a unique cocaine metabolite displays high affinity for the dopamine transporter. J Neurochem 56:698–701

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herkenham M, Lynn AB, Little MD, Ross Johnson M, Melvin LS, De-Costa BR, Rice KC (1990) Cannabinoid receptor localization in brain. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 87:1932–1936

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hietala J, West C, Syvälahti E, Nagren Leikoinen P, Sonninen P, Ruotsalainen U (1994) Striatal D2 dopamine receptor binding characteristics in vivo in patients with alcohol dependence. Psychopharmacology 116:285–290

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howlett AC, Champion TM, Wilken GH, Mechoulam R (1990) Stereochemical effects of 11-OH 8 delta tetrahydrocannabinol-dimethylneptyl to inhibit adenylate cyclase and bind to the cannabinoid receptor. Neuropharmacology 29:161–165

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler RM, Parker ES, Clark CM (1984) Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with alcoholic Korsakoff’s Syndrome. Soc Neurosci (Abstr) 10:541

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolb B (1977) Studies on the caudate putamen and the dorsomedial thalamic nucleus: implications for mammalian frontal lobe funetion. Physiol Behav 18:237–244

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kung HF (1993) SPECT and PET ligands for CNS imaging. Neurotransmissions 9:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Laruelle M, Abi-Dargham A, Dick C van et al. (1995) SPECT imaging of striatal dopamine release after amphetamine challenge. J Nucl Med 36:1182–1190

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LeMoal M, Simon H (1991) Mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic network: functional and regulatory notes. Physiol Rev 71:155–234

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levin JM, Holman BL, Mendelson JH, Teoh SK, Garada B, Johnson KA, Springer S (1994) Gender differences in cerebral perfusion in cocaine abuse: technetium-m-HMPAO SPECT study of drugabusing women. J Nucl Med 35:1902–1909

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levin JM, Mendelson JH, Holman LB, Teoh SK, Garada B, Schwartz RB, Mello NK (1995) Improved regional cerebral blood flow in chronic cocaine polydrug users treated with buprenorphine. J Nucl Med 36:1211–1215

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Litton JE, Neiman J, Pauli S, Farde L, Hindmarsh T, Halldin C, Sedvall G (1993) PET analysis of [nC]flumazenil binding to benzodiazepine reeeptors in chronic alcohol-dependent men and healthy controls. Psych Res 1-13

    Google Scholar 

  • Lofti J, Meyer JS (1989) Cerebral hemodynamics and metabolic effects of chronic alcoholism. Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev 1:2–25

    Google Scholar 

  • London ED, Morgan JM (1993) Positron emission tomographic studies on the acute effects of psychoactive drugs on brain metabolism and mood. In: London ED (ed) Imaging drug action in the brain. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 265–280

    Google Scholar 

  • London ED, Broussolle EPM, Links JM et al. (1990 a ) Morphine-induced metabolic changes in human brain: studies with positron emission tomography and [fluorine-i8]fluorodeoxyglucose. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47:73–81

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • London ED, Cascella NG, Wong DF et al. (1990 b ) Cocaine induced reduetion of glucose utilization in human brain. A study using positron emission tomography and [fluorine 18]fluorodeoxyglucose . Arch Gen Psychiatry 47:567–574

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marciniak G, Charalambous A, Schiue CY, Dewey SL, Schlyer DJ, Makriyannis A, Wolf AP (1990) 18F labelled tetrahydrocannabinol: synthesis, distribution in mice and PET studies in a baboon. J Nucl Med 31:902

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin BR (1986) Cellular effects of cannabinoids. Pharmacol Rev 38:45

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mathew RJ, Wilson WH (1991) Substance abuse and cerebral blood flow. Am J Psychiatry 148:292–305

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mathew RJ, Wilson WH, Tant SR (1989) Acute changes in cerebral blood flow associated with marijuana smoking. Acta Psychiatr Scand 79:118

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maziere M, Comar D, Marazano C, Berger G (1976) Nicotine-uC: synthesis and distribution kinetics in animals. Eur J Nucl Med 1:255–258

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melon PG, DeGrado TR, Nguyen N, Caraher J, Tooronagian SA, Hutchins GD, Schwaiger M (1992) Non-invasive assessment of regional myocardial sympathetic neuronal funetion following intravenous cocaine injection in dogs. J Nucl Med 33:994

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer JS, Sakai F, Karacan I, Derman S, Yamamoto M (1980) Sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and dreaming: regional cerebral hemodynamics. Ann Neurol 7:479–485

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mullani NA, Volkow ND (1992) Positron emission tomography Instrumentation: a review and update. Am J Physiol Imaging 7:121–135

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nahas GG (1986) Toxicolology and pharmacology. Nahas GG (ed) Marihuana in science and medicine. Raven, New York, p 109

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolas JM, Catafau AM, Estruch R et al. (1993) Regional cerebral blood flow-SPECT in chronic alcoholism: relation to neuropsychological testing. J Nucl Med 34:1452–1459

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pappata S, Samson Y, Chavoix C, Prenant C, Maziere M, Baron JC (1988) Regional specific binding of [uC]RO 15 1788 to central type benzodiazepine reeeptors in human brain: quantitative evaluation by PET.J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 8:304–313

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reiter RJ (1985) Oxidative processes and antioxidative defense mechanisms in the aging. FASEBJ 9:526–533

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers LW, Ackermann RJ (1992) SPECT Instrumentation. Am J Physiol Imaging 7:105–120

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sachs H, Russell JAG, Christman DR, Cook B (1987) Alteration of regional cerebral glucose metabolic rate in non-Korsakoff chronic alcoholism. Arch Neurol 44:1242–1251

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samson Y, Baron JC, Feline A, Bories J, Crouzel C (1986) Local cerebral glucose utilization in chronic alcoholics: a positron tomographic study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 49:1165–1170

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sokoloff L, Reivich M, Kennedy C et al. (1977) The 14C deoxyglucose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization: the conscious and anesthetized albino rat. J Neurochem 28:897–916

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stapleton JM, Henningfleld JE, Wong DF, Phillips RL, Grayson RF, Dannais RF, London ED (1993) Nicotine reduces cerebral glucose utilization in humans. NIDA Res Monogr 132:106

    Google Scholar 

  • Sybirska E, Seibyl JP, Bremner JD et al. (1993) [i23-I]Iomazenil SPECT imaging demonstrates significant benzodiazepine reeeptor reserve in human and non human primate brain. Neuropharmacology 32:671–680

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Theodore WH, DiChiro G, Margolin R, Fishbein D, Porter RJ, Brooks RA (1986) Barbiturates reduce human cerebral glucose metabolism. Neurology 36:60–64

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tiihonen J, Kuikka J, Bergström K, Hakola P, Larhu J, Ryynänen OP, Föhr J (1995) Altered striatal dopamine re-uptake site densities in habitual violent and non-violent alcoholics. Nature Med 1:654–657

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tunuing K, Thulin S, Risberg J, Warkentin S (1986) Regional cerebral blood flow in long term heavy cannabis use. Psychiatry Res 17:15–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Fowler JS (1992) Neuropsychiatric disorders: investigation of schizophrenia and substance abuse. Semin Nucl Med XXIL254-267

    Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Mullani N, Gould KL, Adler S, Krajewski K (1988 a) Cerebral blood flow in chronic cocaine users: a study with positron emission tomography. Br J Psychiatry 152:641–648

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Guynn R, Marani S, Adler S, Gould L (1988 b) Effects of alcohol on cerebral blood flow. Psychiatry Res 24:201–209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Wolf AP et al. (1990 a ) Effects of chronic cocaine abuse on postsynaptic dopamine reeeptors. Am J Psychiatry 147:719–724

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Hitzemann R, Wolf AP et al. (1990 b) Acute effects of ethanol on regional brain glucose metabolism and transport. Psychiatry Res 35:39–48

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Wolf AP et al. (1991a) Changes in brain glucose metabolism in cocaine dependence and withdrawal. Am J Psychiatry 148:621–626

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Gillespie H, Mullani N, Tancredi L, Grant L, Ivanovic M, Hollister L (1991b) Cerebellar metabolic activation by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in human brain: a study with positron emission tomography and F-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose. Psychiatry Res 40:69–78

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Wolf AP et al. (1992 a ) Distribution of nC-cocaine in human heart, lungs, liver and adrenals. A dynamic PET study. J Nucl Med 33:521–525

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow, ND, Hitzemann R, Wang GJ (1992 b ) Decreased brain metabolism in neurologically intact healthy alcoholics. Am J Psychiatry 149:1016–1022

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Hitzemann R, Wang G-J, Fowler JS, Wolf AP, Dewey SL (1992 c) Long-term frontal brain metabolic changes in cocaine abusers. Synapse 11:184–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Hitzemann R et al. (1993 a ) Decreased cerebral response to inhibitory neurotransmission in alcoholics. Am J Psychiatry 150:417–422

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Wang GJ et al. (1993 b ) Decreased dopamine D2 reeeptor availability is associated with reduced frontal metabolism in cocaine abusers. Synapse 14:169–177

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS et al. (1994 a ) Imaging endogeneous dopamine competition with [nC]raclopride in the human brain. Synapse 16:255–262

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Hitzemann R, Fowler JS, Overall JE, Burr G, Wolf AP (1994 b) Recovery of brain glucose metabolism in detoxified alcoholics. Am J Psychiatry 151:178–183

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Hitzemann R et al. (1995 a ) Depression of thalamic metabolism by lorazepam is associated with sleepiness. J Neuropsychopharmacol 12:123–132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Ding U, Fowler JS et al. (1995 b ) Is methylphenidate like cocaine? Studies on their pharmacokinetics and distribution in human brain. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52:456–463

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Logan J et al. (1995 c ) Carbon-11-cocaine binding compared at sub-pharmacological and pharmacological doses: A PET study. J Nucl Med 36:1289–1297

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Begleiter H et al. (1995 d ) Regional brain metabolic response to lorazepam in subjects at risk for alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 19:510–516

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS et al. (1996 a ) Cocaine binding is decreased in the brain of detoxified cocaine abusers. J Neuropsychopharmacol 14:159–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Gillespie H, Mullani N, Tancredi L, Grant C, Valentine A, Hollister L (1996 b) Brain glucose metabolism in chronic marijuana users during baseline and during marijuana intoxication. Psychiatry Res 67:29–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang GJ, Volkow ND, Fowler JS et al. (1994) Methylphenidate decreases regional cerebral blood flow in normal human subjects. Life Sei 54:PL143–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber DA, Franceschi D, Ivanovic M et al. (1993) SPECT and planar brain imaging in crack abuse: iodine-123-iodoamphetamine uptake and localization. J Nucl Med 34:899–907

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wik G, Borg S, Sjögren I et al. (1988) PET determination of regional cerebral glucose metabolism in alcohol-dependent men and healthy controls using liC-glucose. Acta Psychiatrica Scand 78:234–241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilens TE, Biederman J (1992) The stimulants. Pediatr Psychopharmacol 15:191–222

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolkin A, Angrist B, Wolf A et al. (1987) Effects of amphetamine on local cerebral metabolism in normal and schizophrenic subjects as determined by positron emission tomography. Psychopharmacology 92:241–246

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Volkow, N.D., Fowler, J.S., Wang, GJ. (2000). Bildgebende Forschung bei Drogenmißbrauch. In: Helmchen, H., Lauter, H., Henn, F., Sartorius, N. (eds) Erlebens- und Verhaltensstörungen, Abhängigkeit und Suizid. Psychiatrie der Gegenwart, vol 8. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59627-8_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59627-8_22

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-65803-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-59627-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics