Zusammenfassung
Folter ist ein weitverbreitetes Problem der Menschenrechte und wird in 115 von 215 bzw. 53,5% aller Staaten praktiziert (Amnesty international 1997). Die medizinischen und psychologischen Nachwirkungen auf die Opfer und deren Familien bilden heute ein Problem für das öffentliche Gesundheitswesen in allen Teilen der Welt. Die besondere Aufmerksamkeit der Gesundheitsversorgung in europäischen Liindern richtet sich auf traumatisierte Überlebende von Folter unter den Flüchtlingen, denen nach Kriegen und Verfolgung durch repressive Regimes in Europa oder anderswo Asyl gewährt wird (z. B. das frühere Jugoslawien, Osteuropa, die Türkei, der mittlere Osten, Südost-Asien). Baker (1992) schätzte, daß zwischen 5 und 35% der 14 Mio. Flüchtlinge auf der Welt zumindest einmal Folter erlebt hat. Forschung zu Folter und deren Konsequenzen ist aus verschiedenen Gründen notwendig.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Allen JG (1995) Coping with trauma: a guide to self-understanding. American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC
Allodi F (1980) The psychiatric effects in children and families of victims of political persecution and torture. Dan Med Bull 27/ 5:229–232
Allodi F (1985) Physical and psychiatric effects of torture: Canadian study. In: Stover E, Nightingale EO (eds) The breaking of bodies and minds: torture, psychiatric abuses and the health professions. Freeman, New York, pp 66–78
APA (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn (DSM-IV). APA, Washington DC
Amnesty international (1997) Report 1997. Amnesty international, London
Amnesty international, Danish Medical Group (eds) (1977) Evidence of torture: studies by the amnesty international Danish Medical Group. Amnesty international, London
Arcel LT (ed) (in collaboration with Tocilj-Simunkovise G) (1998) War violence, trauma and the coping process. Armed conflict in Europe and survivor responses. International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (IRCT), Copenhagen
Arcel LT (ed) (1994) War victims, trauma and psycho-social care. Nakladnistvo Lumin, Zagreb
**Arcel LT (ed) (1998) War violence, trauma and the coping process. Armed conflict in Europe and survivor responses. International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (IRCT), Copenhagen
Arcel LT, Folnegoviae-Smalc V, Kozarige-Kovaèiae D, Marusise A (1995) Psycho-social help to war victims: women refugees and their families. International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (IRCT), Copenhagen
Arcel LT, Folnegoviae-Smalc V, Tocilj-Simunkoviae G, Kozariae-Kovaèias D, Ljubotina D (1998) Ethnic cleansing and post-traumatic coping-war violence, PTSD, Depression, anxiety and coping in Bosnian and Croatian refugees. A transactional approach. In: Arcel LT (ed) War violence, trauma and the coping process. Armed conflict in Europe and survivor responses. International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (IRCT), Copenhagen, pp 45–78
Baker R (1992) Psychosocial consequences for tortured refugees seeking asylum and refugee status in Europe. In: Bapodlu M (ed) Torture and its consequences: current treatment approaches. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, pp 83–106
**Bapodlu M (ed) (1992) Torture and its consequences. Current treatment approaches. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge
Bapodlu M (1993) Prevention of torture and care of survivors. An integrated approach. JAMA 270/ 5:606–611
Bapodlu M, Paker M, Paker O et al. (1994 a) Psychological effects of torture: a comparison of tortured with non-tortured political activists in Turkey. Am J Psychiatry 151(1):76–81
Bapodlu M, Paker M, Özmen E, Tasdemir Ö, Sahin D (1994b) Factors related to long-term traumatic stress responses in survivors of torture in Turkey. JAMA 272/ 5:357–363
Bapodlu M, Mineka S, Paker M, Aker T, Livanou M, Gök S (1997) Psychological preparedness for trauma as a protective factor in survivors of torture. Psychol Med 27:1421–1433
Bapodlu M, Jaranson J, Mollica R, Kastrup M (in press) Torture and its consequences. In: Gerrity E, Keane T, Tuma F (eds) Mental health consequences of torture and related violence and trauma. Plenum, New York
Behnia B (1997) Distrust and resettlement of survivors of war and torture. Int J Ment Health 25/4:45–58
Bowlby J (1973) Attachment and loss. 2. Separation. Basic Books, New York
British Medical Association (1992) Medicine betrayed: the participation of doctors in human rights abuse. Zed, London
Cannon WB (1953) Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear and rage, 2nd edn. Branford, Boston
Cunningham M, Cunningham JD (1997) Patterns of symptomatology and patterns of torture and trauma experiences in resettled refugees. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 31:555–565
Eitinger L, Weisaeth L (1998) Torture-history, treatment, and medical complicity. In: Jaranson JM, Popkin MK (eds) Caring for victims of torture. American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC, pp 3–14
Gelinas DJ (1993) Relational patterns in incestuous families, malevolent variations, and specific interventions with the adult survivor. In: Paddison PL (ed) Treatment of adult survivors of incest. American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC, pp 1–34
Genefke I, Vesti P (1998) Diagnosis of governmental torture. In: Jaranson JM, Popkin MK (eds) Caring for victims of torture. American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC, pp 43–59
Gorst-Unsworth C, Goldenberg E (1998) Psychological sequelae of torture and organised violence suffered by refugees from Iraq: trauma-related factors compared with social factors in exile. Br J Psychiatry 172:90–94
Herman JL (1992) Trauma and recovery Basic Books, New York
Holtan NR (1998) How medical assessment of victims of torture relates to psychiatric care. In: Jaranson JM, Popkin MK (eds) Caring for victims of torture. American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC, pp 107–113
Holtz TH (1998) Refugee trauma versus torture trauma: a retrospective controlled cohort study of Tibetan refugees. J Nerv Ment Dis 186/1:24–34
Jacobsen L, Smidt-Nielsen K (1997) Torture survivor-trauma and rehabilitation. International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (IRCT), Copenhagen
**Jaranson JM, Popkin MK (eds) (1998) Caring for victims of torture. American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC
Jepsen S (1988) The general health of asylum seekers. The Danish experience. In: Miserez D (ed) Refugees-the trauma of exile. The humanitarian role of the Red Cross and Red Crescent. Nihoff, Boston
Juhler M, Smidt-Nielsen K (1995) Identification of torture survivors: a comparative study of medical complaints and findings in torture survivors. In: Caring for survivors of torture. Challenges for the medical and health professions. (Abstracts of papers presented at the Vllth International Symposium, 15–17 November 1995, Cape Town)
Kaplan H, Sadock B, Grebb J (1994) Synopsis of psychiatry, behavioural sciences, clinical psychiatry, 7th edn. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore
Keane TM, Caddel JM, Taylor KL (1988) Mississippi Scale for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: three studies in reliability and validity. J Consult Clin Psychol 56/1:85–90
**Kolk BA van der, Greenberg MS (1987) The psychobiology of the trauma response: hyperarousal, constriction, and addiction to traumatic reexposure. In: Kolk BA van der (ed) Psychological trauma. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC
Kordon DR, Edelman LI, Lagos DM et al. (1988) Psychological effects of political repression. Sudamerican/Planeta, Buenos Aires
Lavik NJ, Hauff E, Skrondal A, Solberg O (1996) Mental disorder among refugees and the impact of persecution and exile: some findings from an outpatient population. Br J Psychiatry 169:726–732
Lazarus RS (1991) Emotion and adaptation. Oxford Univ Press, New York
Lazarus RS, Folkman S (1984) Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Mollica RF, Caspi-Yavin Y (1992) Overview: the assessment and diagnosis of torture events and symptoms. In: Bapodlu M (ed) Torture and its consequences: current treatment approaches. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, pp 253–274
Mollica RF, Wyshak G, Lavelle J (1987) The psychosocial impact of war trauma and torture on South East Asian refugees. Am J Psychiatry 144:1567–1572
Mollica RF, Caspi-Yavin Y, Bollini P, Truong T, Tor S, Lavelle J (1991) The Harvard trauma questionnaire: validating a cross-cultural instrument for measuring torture, trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in Indochinese refugees. J Nerv Ment Dis 180/2:11–16
Montgomery E (1998) Refugee children from the Middle East. Scand J Soc Med Suppl 54:1–154
Network Coordination Division (1998) Rehabilitation of torture victims. Update on centres and programmes worldwide. International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (IRCT), Copenhagen
Nice DS, Garland CF, Hilton SM, Baggett JC, Mitchell RE (1996) Long-term health outcomes and medical effects of torture among US Navy prisoners of war in Vietnam. JAMA 276/5:375–381
Petersen HD, Abildgaard U, Daugaard G, Jess P, Marcussen H, Wallach M (1985) Psychological and physical long-term effects of torture. A follow-up examination of 22 Greek persons exposed to torture 1967–1974. Scand J Soc Med 13:89–93
Priebe S, Esmaili S (1997) Long-term mental sequelae of torture in Iran-who seeks treatment? J Nerv Ment Dis 185/2:74–77
*Pross C (1988) Wiedergutmachung: der Kleinkrieg gegen die Opfer. Athenäum, Frankfurt am Main
Qouta S, el Sarraj E (1997) Prison experiences and coping styles among Palestinian men. Peace and conflict. J Peace Psychol 3/1:19–36
Ramsay R, Gorst-Unsworth C, Turner S (1993) Psychiatric morbidity in survivors of organised state violence including torture. A retrospective series. Br J Psychiatry 162:55–59
Rasmussen OV (1990) Medical aspects of torture: torture types and their relation to symptoms and lesions in 200 victims, followed by a description of the medical profession in relation to torture. Dan Med Bull 37(Suppl 1):1–88
Saporta JA Jr, Kolk BA van der (1992) Psychobiological consequences of severe trauma. In: Bapodlu M (ed) Torture and its consequences: current treatment approaches. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, pp 151–181
**Shresta NM, Sharma B, Ommeren M van et al. (1998) Impact of torture on refugees displaced within the developing world. Symptomatology among Bhutanese refugees in Nepal. JAMA 280/5:443–448
Skylv G (1992) The physical sequelae of torture. In: Bapodlu M (ed) Torture and its consequences: current treatment Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, pp 38–55.
Smith MW, Cartaya OJ, Mendoza R, Lesser IM, Lin K (1998) Conceptual models and psychopharmacological treatment of torture victims. In: Jaranson JM, Popkin MK (eds) Caring for victims of torture. American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC, pp 149–169
Somnier F, Vesti P, Kastrup M, Genefke IK (1992) Psycho-social consequences of torture: current knowledge and evidence. In: Bapodlu M (ed) Torture and its consequences: current treatment approaches. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, pp 56–71
Tocilj-Simunkoviae G, Arcel LT (1998) Group psychotherapy with victims of torture. In: Arcel LT (ed) War violence, trauma and the coping process, armed conflict in Europe and survivor responses. International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (IRCT), Copenhagen, pp 143–154
Turner SW, McIvor R (1997) Torture. In: Black D, Newman M, Harris-Hendriks J, Mesey G (eds) Psychological trauma. A developmental approach. Bell & Bain, Glasgow, pp 205–215
United Nations General Assembly (1992) The convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Committee Against Torture. United Nations, New York (fact sheet no. 17)
Vesti P, Kastrup M (1995) Treatment of torture survivors: psychosocial and somatic aspects. In: Freedy JR, Hobfoll SE (eds) Traumatic stress: from theory to practice. Plenum, New York
Vesti P, Helweg-Larsen K, Kastrup M (1998) Preventing the involvement of physicians in torture. In: Jaranson JM, Popkin MK (eds) Caring for victims of torture. American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC, pp 185–199
Zilberg NJ, Weiss DS, Horowitz MJ (1982) Impact of event scale: a cross-validation study and some empirical evidence supporting a conceptual model of stress response syndromes. J Consult Clin Psychol 50:407–414
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Arcel, L.T., Genefke, I., Kastrup, M. (2000). Psychiatrische Probleme im Zusammenhang mit Folter. In: Helmchen, H., Henn, F., Lauter, H., Sartorius, N. (eds) Psychiatrie spezieller Lebenssituationen. Psychiatrie der Gegenwart, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59625-4_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59625-4_19
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64056-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-59625-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive