Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Systems to Culture Hepatitis C Virus

  • Chapter
The Hepatitis C Viruses

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 242))

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) frequently causes chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (CHOO et al. 1989; KUO et al. 1989; OHKOSHI et al. 1990; SAITO et al. 1990). HCV is considered to belong to the family Flaviviridae, whose members have a positive-stranded RNA genome of about 9.6kb including a large open reading frame (ORF). The ORF encodes a polyprotein precursor of about 3,000 amino acids (KATO et al. 1990; TANAKA et al. 1995), subsequently cleaved into at least 11 structural and nonstructural viral proteins (HIJIKATA et al. 1991a, 1993a,b). Although our understanding of the molecular biology of HCV has progressed rapidly (reviewed by SHIMOTOHNO 1995; HOUGHTON 1996, RICE 1996, SHIMOTOHNO and FEINSTONE 1997; MAJOR and FEINSTONE 1997), all the data regarding the functions of HCV gene products have been obtained in artificial systems, either in vitro or in vivo, using established mammalian cell expression systems. Therefore, these dataneed to be confirmed in HCV-infected cells. Unfortunately, to data, no satisfactory tissue culture system has been developed in which HCV can be multiplied to the extent required for such experiments. However, several trials for the establishment of HCV replication and multiplication system using mammalian cultured cells have been performed. In this review, we describe the recent results of studies using human lymphocytes and hepatocytes to propagate HCV.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bertolini L, Lacovacci S, Ponzetto A, Gorini G, Battaglia M, Carloni G (1993) The human bone-marrow-derived B-cell line CE, susceptible to hepatitis C virus infection. Res Virol 144:281–285

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, Overby LR, Bradley DW, Houghton M (1989) Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-born non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science 244:359–362

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cribier B, Schmitt C, Bingen A, Kirn A, Keller F (1995) In vitro infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by hepatitis C virus. J Gen Virol 76:2485–2491

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dash S, Halim AB, Tsuji H, Hiramatsu N, Gerber MA (1997) Transfection of HepG2 cells with infectious hepatitis C virus genome. Am J Pathol 151:363–373

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doom LE, Capriles I, Maertens G, Deleys R, Murray K, Kos T, Schellekens H, Quint W (1995) Sequence evolution of the hypervariable region in the putative envelope region E2/NS1 of hepatitis C virus is correlated with specific humoral immune responses. J Virol 69:773–778

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferri C, Monti M, Civita LL, Longombardo G, Greco F, Pasero G, Gentilini P, Bombardieri S, Zignego AL (1993) Infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by hepatitis C virus in mixed cryoglobulinemia. Blood 82:3701–3704

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferri C, Civita LL, Zignego AL, Pasero G (1997) Hepatitis-C-virus infection and cancer. Int J Cancer 71:1113–1115

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gabrielli A, Manzin A, Candela M, Caniglia ML, Paolucci S, Danieli MG, Clementi M (1994) Active hepatitis C virus infection in bone marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia. Clin Exp Immunol 97:87–93

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunji T, Kato N, Hijikata M, Hayashi K, Saitoh S, Shimotohno K (1994) Specific detection of positive and negative stranded hepatitis C viral RNA using chemical RNA modification. Arch Virol 134: 293–302

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Higashi Y, Kakumu S, Yoshioka K, Wakita T, Mizokami K, Ohba Y, Ito T, Ishikawa T, Takayanagi M, Nagai Y (1993) Dynamics of genome change in the E2/NS1 region of hepatitis C virus in vivo Virology 197:659–668.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hijikata M, Kato N, Ootsuyama Y, Nakagawa M, Ohkoshi S, Shimotohno K (1991) Hypervariable regions in the putative glycoprotein of hepatitis C virus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 175:220–228

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hijikata M, Kato N, Ootsuyama Y, Nakagawa M, Shimotohno K (1991) Gene mapping of the putative structural region of the hepatitis C virus genome by in vitro processing analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:5547–5551

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hijikata M, Mizuno K, Rikihisa T, Shimizu YK, Iwamoto A, Nakajima N, Yoshikura H (1995) Selective transmission of hepatitis C virus in vivo and in vitro. Arch Virol 140:1623–1628

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hijikata M, Mizushima H, Akagi T, Mori S, Kakiuchi N, Kato N, Tanaka T, Kimura K, Shimotohno K (1993a) Two distinct proteinase activities required for the processing of a putative nonstructural precursor protein of hepatitis C virus. J Virol 67:4665–675

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hijikata M, Mizushima H, Tanji Y, Komoda Y, Hirowatari Y, Akagi T, Kato N, Kimura K, Shimotohno K (1993b) Proteolytic processing and membrane association of putative nonstructural proteins of hepatitis C virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:10773–10777

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hijikata M, Shimizu YK, Kato H, Iwamoto A, Shih JW, Alter HJ, Purcell RH, Yoshikura H (1993c) Equilibrium centrifugation studies of hepatitis C virus: evidence for circulating immune complexes. J Virol 67:1953–1958

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Houghton M(1996) Hepatitis C virus. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM et al. (eds) Fields virology. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp 1035–1058

    Google Scholar 

  • Iacovacci S, Sargiacomo M, Parolini I, Ponzetto A, Peschle C, Carloni G (1993) Replication and multiplication of hepatitis C virus genome in human foetal liver cells. Res Virol 144:275–279

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iacovacci S, Manzin A, Barca S, Sargiacomo M, Serafino A, Yalli MB, Macioce G, Hassan HJ, Ponzetto A, Clementi M, Peschle C, Carloni G (1997) Molecular characterization and dynamics of hepatitis C virus replication in human fetal hepatocytes infected in vitro. Hepatology 26:1328–1337

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda M, Kato N, Mizutani T, Sugiyama K, Tanaka K, Shimotohno K (1997a) Analysis of the cell tropism of HCV by using in vitro HCV-infected human lymphocytes and hepatocytes. J Hepatol 27:445–454

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda M, Sugiyama K, Mizutani T, Tanaka T, Tanaka K, Shimotohno K, Kato N (1997b) Hepatitis G virus replication in human cultured cells displaying susceptibility to hepatitis C virus infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 235:505–508

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda M, Sugiyama K, Mizutani T, Tanaka T, Tanaka K, Sekihara H, Shimotohno K, Koto N (1998) Human hepatocyte clonal cell lines that support persistent replication of hepatitis C virus. Virus Res 56:157–167

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ito T, Mukaigawa J, Hirabayashi Y, Mitamura K, Yasui K (1996) Cultivation of hepatitis C virus in primary hepatocyte culture from patients with chronic hepatitis C results in release of high titer infectious virus. J Gen Virol 77:1043–1054

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kato N, Hijikata M, Ootsuyama Y, Nakagawa M, Ohkoshi S, Sugimura T, Shimotohno K (1990) Molecular cloning of the human hepatitis C virus genome from Japanese patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:9524–9528

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kato N, Ikeda M, Mizutani T, Sugiyama K, Noguchi M, Hirohashi S, Shimotohno K (1996) Replication of hepatitis C virus in cultured non-neoplastic human hepatocytes. Jpn J Cancer Res 87:787–792

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kato N, Ikeda M, Sugiyama K, Mizutani T, Tanaka T, Shimotohno K (1998) Hepatitis C virus population dynamics in human lymphocytes and hepatocytes infected in vitro. J Gen Virol 79:1859–1869

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kato N, Nakazawa T, Mizutani T, Shimotohno K (1995) Susceptibility of human T-lymphotropic virus type I infected cell line MT-2 to hepatitis C virus infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 206: 863–869

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kato N, Ootsuyama Y, Ohkoshi S, Nakazawa T, Sekiya H, Hijikata M, Shimotohno K (1992a) Characterization of hypervariable regions in the putative envelope protein of hepatitis C virus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 189:119–127

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kato N, Ootsuyama Y, Sekiya H, Ohkoshi S, Nakazawa T, Hijikata M, Shimotohno K (1994) Genetic drift in hypervariable region 1 of the viral genome in persistent hepatitis C virus infection. J Virol 68:4776–4784

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kato N, Ootsuyama Y, Tanaka T, Nakagawa M, Nakazawa T, Muraiso K, Ohkoshi S, Hijikata M, Shimotohno K (1992b) Marked sequence diversity in the putative envelope protein of hepatitis C viruses. Virus Res 22:107–123

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolykhalov AA, Agapov EV, Blight KJ, Mihalik K, Feinstone SM, Rice CM (1997) Transmission of hepatitis C by intrahepatic inoculation with transcribed RNA. Science 277:570–574

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuo G, Choo QL, Alter HJ, Gitnick GL, Redeker AG, Purcell RH, Miyamura T, Dienstag JL, Alter MJ, Stevens CE, Tegtmeier GE, Bonino F, Colombo WS, Lee WS, Kuo C, Berger K, Shuster JR, Overby LR, Bradley DW, Houghton M (1989) An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non- A, non-B hepatitis. Science 244:362–364

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurosaki M, Enomoto N, Marumo F, Sato C (1993) Rapid sequence variation of the hypervariable region of hepatitis C virus during the course of chronic infection. Hepatology 18:1293–1299

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lanford RE, Sureau C, Jacob JR, White R, Fuerst TR (1994) Demonstration of in vitro infection of chimpanzee hepatocytes with hepatitis C virus using strand-specific RT/PCR. Virology 202: 606–614

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lanford RE, Chavez D, Chisari FV, Sureau C (1995) Lack of detection of negative-strand hepatitis C virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and other extrahepatic tissues by the highly strand- specific rTth reverse transcriptase PCR. J Virol 69:8079–8083

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lerat H, Berby F, Trabaud MA, Vidalin O, Major M, Trepo C, Inchauspe G (1996) Specific detection of hepatitis C virus minus strand RNA in hematopoietic cells. J Clin Invest 97:845–851

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linnen J, Wages J, Zhang-Keck ZY, Fry KE, Krawczynski KZ, Alter H, Koonin E, Gallagher M, Alter M, Hadziyannis S, Karayiannis P, Fung K, Nakatsuji Y, Shih JWK, Young L, Piatak M Jr, Hoover C, Fernandez J, Chen S, Zoul JC, Morris T, Hyams KC, Ismay S, Lifson JD, Hess G, Foung SKH, Thomas H, Bradley D, Margolis H, JP (1996) Molecular cloning and disease association of hepatitis G virus: a transfusion-transmissible agent. Science 271:505–508

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luppi M, Ferrari MG, BonaccorsiO G, Longo G, Narni F, Barozzi P, Marasca R, Mussini C, Torelli G (1996) Hepatitis C virus infection in subsets of neoplastic lymphoproliferations not associated with cryoglobulinemia. Leukemia 10:351–355

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Major ME, Feinstone SM (1997) The molecular virology of hepatitis C. Hepatology 25:1527–1538

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martell M, Esteban JI, Quer J, Genesca J, Weiner A, Esteban R, Guardia J, Gomez J (1992) Hepatitis C virus (HCV) circulates as a population of different but closely related genomes quasispecies nature of HCV genome distribution. J Virol 66:3225–3229

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyakawa Y, Mayumi M (1997) Hepatitis G virus - a true hepatitis virus or an accidental tourist? N Engl J Med 336:795–796

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mizutani T, Ikeda M, Saito S, Sugiyama K, Shimotohno K, Kato N (1998) Detection of negative- stranded hepatitis C virus RNA using a novel strandspecific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Virus Res 53:209–214

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mizutani T, Kato N, Hirota M, Sugiyama K, Murakami A, Shimotohno K (1995) Inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication by antisense oligonucleotide in culture cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 212:906–911

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mizutani T, Kato N, Ikeda M, Sugiyama K, Shimotohno K (1996a) Long-term human T cell culture system supporting hepatitis C virus replication. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 227:822–826

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mizutani T, Kato N, Saito S, Ikeda M, Sugiyama K, Shimotohno K (1996b) Characterization of hepatitis C virus replication in cloned cells obtained from a human T cell leukemia virus type 1-infected cell line, MT-2. J Virol 70:7219–7223

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muller HM, Pfaff E, Goeser T, Kallinowski B, Solbach C, Theilmann L (1993) Peripheral blood leukocytes serve as a possible extrahepatic site for hepatitis C virus replication. J Gen Virol 74: 669–676

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakajima N, Hijikata M, Yoshikura H, Shimizu YK (1996) Characterization of long-term cultures of hepatitis C virus. J Virol 70:3325–3329

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nei M, Gojobori T (1986) Simple methods for estimating the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions. Mol Biol Evol 3:418–126

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nissen E, Hohne M, Schreier E (1994) in vitro replication of hepatitis C virus in a human lymphoid cell line (H9) J. Hepatol. 20:437

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noguchi M, Hirohashi S (1996) Cell Lines from non-neoplatic liver and hepatocellular carcinoma tissue from a single patient. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 32:135–137

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohkoshi S, Kojima H, Tawaraya H, Miyajima T, Kamimura T, Asakura H, Satoh A, Hirose S, Hijikata M, Kato N, Shimotohno K (1990) Prevalence of antibody against non-A, non-B hepatitis virus in Japanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Jpn J Cancer Res 81:550–553

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rice CM (1996) Flaviridae: the viruses and their replication. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM (eds) Virology, 3rd edn. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp 935–942

    Google Scholar 

  • Saito S, Kato N, Hijikata M, Gunji T, Itabashi M, Kondo M, Tanaka K, Shimotohno K (1996) Comparison of hypervariable regions (HVR1 and HVR2) in positive- and negative- stranded hepatitis C virus RNA in cancerous and noncancerous liver tissue, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and serum from a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 67:199–203

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saito I, Miyamura T, Ohbayashi A, Harada H, Katayama T, Kikuchi S, Watanabe Y, Koi S, Onji M, Ohta Y, Choo QL, Houghton M, Kuo G (1990) Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:6547–6549

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seipp S, Mueller HM, Pfaff E, Stremmel W, Theilmann L, Goeser T (1997) Establishment of persistent hepatitis C virus infection and replication in vitro. J Gen Virol 78:2467–2476

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sekiya H, Kato N, Ootsuyama Y, Nakazawa T, Yamauchi K, Shimotohno K (1994) Genetic alterations of the putative envelope proteins encoding region of the hepatitis C virus in the progression to relapsed phase from acute hepatitis: humoral immune response to hypervariable region 1. Int J Cancer 57:664–670

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu YK, Iwamoto A, Hijikata M, Purcell RH, Yoshikura H (1992) Evidence for in vitro replication of hepatitis C virus genome in a human T cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:5477–5481

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu YK, Purcell RH, Yoshikura H (1993) Correlation between the infectivity of hepatitis C virus in vivo and its infectivity in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:6037–6041

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu YK, Yoshikura H (1994) Multicycle infection of hepatitis C virus in cell culture and inhibition by alpha and beta interferons. J Virol 68:8406–8408

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu YK, Yoshikura H (1995) In-vitro systems for the detection of hepatitis C virus infection. Viral Hepatitis Rev. 1:59–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu YK, Feinstone SM, Kohara M, Purcell RH, Yoshikura H (1996) Hepatitis C virus: detection of intracellular virus particles by electron microscopy. Hepatology 23:205–209

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu YK, Igarashi H, Kanematu T, Fujiwara K, Wong DC, Purcell RH, Yoshikura H (1997) Sequence analysis of the hepatitis C virus genome recovered from serum, liver, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of infected chimpanzees. J Virol 71:5769–5773

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimotohno K (1995) Hepatitis C virus as a causative agent of hepatocellular carcinoma. Intervirology 38:162–169

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimotohno K, Feinstone SM. (1997) Hepatitis C virus and Hepatitis G virus. In: Richman DD, Whitley RJ, Hayden FG (eds) Clinical virology. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburg, pp 1187–1216

    Google Scholar 

  • Simons JN, Leary TP, Dawson GJ, Pilot-Matias TJ, Muerhoff AS, Desai SM, associated with human hepatitis. Nat Med 1:564–569

    Google Scholar 

  • Silvestri F, Pipan C, Barillari G, Zaja F, Fanin R, Infanti L, Russo D, Falasca E, Botta GA, Baccarani M (1996) Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. Blood 87:4296–4301

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugiyama K, Kato N, Ikeda M, Mizutani T, Shiomotohno K, Kato T, Sugiyama Y, Hasumi K (1997a) Hepatitis C virus in pelvic lymph nodes and female reproductive organs. Jpn J Cancer Res 88:925–927

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugiyama K, Kato N, Mizutani T, Ikeda M, Tanaka T, Shimotohno K (1997b) Genetic Analysis of the hepatitis C Virus (HCV) genome from HCV-infected human T Cells. J Gen Virol 78:329–336

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka T, Kato N, Cho MJ, Shimotohno K (1995) A novel sequence found at the 3’ terminus of hepatitis C virus genome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 215:744–749

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka T, Kato N, Cho MJ, Sugiyama K, Shimotohno K (1996) Structure of the 3’ terminus of the hepatitis C virus genome. J Virol 70:3307–3312

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tagawa M, Kato N, Yokosuka O, Ishikawa T, Ohto M, Omata M (1995) Infection of human hepatocyte cell lines with hepatitis C virus in vitro. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 10:523–527

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuboi S, Nagamori S, Miyazaki M, Mihara K, Fukaya K, Teruya K, Kosaka T, Tsuji T, Namba M (1996) Persistence of hepatitis C virus RNA in established human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. J Med Virol 48:133–140

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valli MB, Bertolini L, Lacovacci S, Ponzetto A, Carloni G (1995) Detection of a 5’ UTR variation in the HCV genome after a long-term in vitro infection. Res Virol 146:285–288

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valli MB, Carloni G, Manzin A, Nasorri F, Ponzetto A, Clementi M (1997) Hepatitis C virus infection of a Vero cell clone displaying efficient virus-cell binding. Res Virol 148:181–186

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner AJ, Brauer MJ, Rosenblatt J, Richman KH, Tung J, Crawford K, Bonino F, Saracco G, Choo QL, Houghton M, Han J (1991) Variable and hypervariable domains are found in the regions of HCV corresponding to the flavivirus envelope and NS1 proteins and the pestivirus envelope glycoproteins. Virology 180:842–848

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yanagi M, Purcell RH, Emerson SU, Bukh J (1997) Transcripts from a single full-length cDNA clone of hepatitis C virus are infectious when directly transfected into the liver of a chimpanzee. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:8738–8743

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoo BJ, Selby MJ, Choe J, Suh BS, Choi SH, Joh JS, Nuovo GJ, Lee HS, Houghton M, Han JH (1995) Transfection of a differentiated human hepatoma cell line (Huh7) with in vitro-transcribed hepatitis virus (HCV) RNA and establishment of a long-term culture persistently infected with HCV. J Virol 69:32–38

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Virology and Glycobiology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuoku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan

    N. Kato

  2. Laboratory of Human Tumor Viruses, Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8505, Japan

    K. Shimotohno

Authors
  1. N. Kato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. Shimotohno
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Digestive Diseases and Genetics — Winship Cancer Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, Rm 2101 WMRB, 30322, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Curt H. Hagedorn M.D.

  2. Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 South Euclid Avenue, 63110, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Charles M. Rice M.D.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kato, N., Shimotohno, K. (2000). Systems to Culture Hepatitis C Virus. In: Hagedorn, C.H., Rice, C.M. (eds) The Hepatitis C Viruses. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 242. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59605-6_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59605-6_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64047-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-59605-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation