Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Physiologisches und pathologisches Altern des Gehirns

Senile und präsenile Demenzen

  • Chapter
Neuropathologie

  • 126 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Der Alternsprozess des Gehirns als ein Teilgeschehen im Altern des Gesamtorganismus umfasst eine Reihe von Gewebsveränderungen, die als Strukturwandel in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit aufzufassen sind. Man unterscheidet orthologische Altersveränderungen des Gehirns ohne klinischen Stellenwert and pathologische Alterungsvorgänge als Korrelate zerebralen Leistungsabbaus sowie altersbedingter Hirnfunktionsstörungen.

Gewidmet meinem Lehrer, Herrn Univ.-Prof. Dr. Kurt Jellinger, zu seinem 70. Geburtstag

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Arriagada P V, Growdon J H, Hedley-Whyte T, Hyman B T (1992) Neurofibrillary tangles but not senile plaques parallel duration and severity of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 42: 631–639

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bancher C, Jellinger K A (1994) Neurofibrillary tangle predominant form of senile dementia of Alzheimer type: a rare subtype in very old subjects. Acta Neuropathol 88: 565–570

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bancher C, Lassmann H, Budka H, Jellinger K, Grundke-Iq- bal I, Iqbal K, Wiche G, Scitelberger F, Wisniewski H M (1989) An antigenic profile of Lewy bodies: immunocyto- chemical indication for protein phosphorylation and ubi quitination. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 48: 81–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Bancher C, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Fried VA, Smith H T, Wisniewski H M (1991) Abnormal phosphorylation of tau precedes ubiquitination in neurofibrillary pathology of Alzheimer disease. Brain Res 539: 11–18

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bancher C, Braak H, Fischer P, Jellinger K (1993) Neuro- pathological staging of Alzheimer lesions and intellectual status in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Lett 162: 179–182

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bancher C, Jellinger K, Lassmann H, Fischer P, Leblhuber F (1996) Correlations between mental state and quantitative neuropathology in the Vienna Prospective Longitudinal Study on Dementia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 246: 137–146

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett D A, Cochran E J H, Saper C B et al. (1993) Pathological changes in frontal cortex from biopsy to autopsy in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging 14: 589–596

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bierer L M, Hof P R, Purohit D P, Carlin L, Schmeidler J, Davis K L, Perl D P (1995) Neocortical neurofibrillary tangles correlate with dementia severity in Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Neurol 52: 81–88

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blessed G, Tomlinson B E, Roth M (1968) The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile change in the cerebral gray matter of elderly subjects. Brit J Psych 114: 797–811

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braak, H (1972) Zur Pigmentarchitektonik der Hirnrinde des Menschen. Verh Anat Ges 67: 577–582

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braak H, Braak E (1991) Neuropathological staging of Alzheimer-related changes. Acta Neuropathol 82: 239–259

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braak H, Braak E (1998) Argyrophilic grain disease: frequency of occurrence in different age categories and neuropathology diagnostic criteria. J Neural Transm 105: 801–819

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braak, H, Braak E, Grundke-Iqbal I et al. (1986) Occurrence of neuropil threads in the senile human brain and in Alzheimer’s disease: a third location of paired helical filaments outside of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques. Neurosci Lett 65: 351–355

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braak H, Braak E, Mandelkow E M (1994) A sequence of cytoskeleton changes related to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads. Acta Neuropathol 87: 554–567

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brun A, Passant U (1996) Frontal lobe degeneration of non- Alzheimer-type. Structural characteristics, diagnostic criteria and relation to other frontotemporal dementias. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 168: 28–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Brun A, Englund B, Gustafson L, Passant L, Mann D, Neary D, Snowden J (1994) Clinical and neuropathological criteria for frontotemporal dementia. The Lund and Manchester Groups. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 57: 416–418

    Google Scholar 

  • Chui H C, Victoroff J I, Margolin D et al. (1992) Criteria for the diagnosis of ischemic vascular dementia proposed by the State of California Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers. Neurology 42: 473–480

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crystal H, Dickson D, Fuld P, Masur D, Scott R, Mehler M, Masdeu J, Kawas C, Aronson M, Wolfson L (1988) Clini- co-pathological studies in dementia: nondemented subjects with pathologically confirmed Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 38: 1682–1687

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dale G E, Probst A, Luthert P et al. (1992) Relationships between pale bodies and Lewy bodies in Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neuropathol 83: 525–529

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeKosky S T, Scheff S W (1990) Synapse loss in frontal cortex biopsies in Alzheimer’s disease: correlation with cognitive severity. Ann Neurol 27: 457–464

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dickson D W (1998) Pick’s disease: a modern approach. Brain Pathol 8: 339–354

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dickson D W, Crystal H A, Bevona C, Honer W, Vincent I, Davies P (1995) Correlations of synaptic and pathological markers with cognition of the elderly. Neurobiol Aging 16: 285–304

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dickson D W, Crystal H A, Mattiace L A, Masur D M et al. (1991) Identification of normal and pathological aging in prospectively studied nondemented elderly humans. Neurobiol Aging 13: 179–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esiri M M, Wilcock G K (1986) Cerebral amyloid angiopathy in dementia and old age. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 49: 1221–1226

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esiri M M, Hyman B T, Beyreuther K, Masters C L (1997) Ageing and dementia. In: Graham D I, Lantos P L (eds) Greenfield’s neuropathology, 6th edn. Arnold, London, pp 153–233

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer P, Lassmann H, Jellinger K, Simanyi M, Bancher C, Travniczek-Marterer A, Gatterer G, Danielczyk W (1991) Die Demenz vom Alzheimer Typ. Eine klinische Langs- schnittstudie mit quantitativer Neuropathologie. Wien Med Wochenschr 141: 455–462

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallyas F (1971) Silver staining of Alzheimer’s neurofibrillary changes by means of physical development. Acta Morph Acad Sci Hung 19: 1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Glenner G G, Wong C W (1984) Alzheimer’s disease: initial report of the purification and characterization of a novel cerebrovascular amyloid protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 120: 885–890

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goedert M, Spillantini M G (2000) Tau mutations in frontotemporal dementia FTDP-17 and their relevance for Alzheimer’s disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 1502: 110–121

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goto K, Ishii N, Fukasawa H (1981) Diffuse white matter changes in the geriatric population: a clinical, neuropathological and CT study. Radiology 141: 678–695

    Google Scholar 

  • Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Tung Y C, Quinlan M, Wisniewski H M, Binder L I (1986) Abnormal phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau in Alzheimer cytoskeletal pathology. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 4913–4917

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haass C (2000) Presenilin proteins and their function during embryonic development and Alzheimer’s disease. Ernst Schering Res Found Workshop 29: 57–64

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haass C, De Strooper B (1999) The presenilins in Alzheimer’s diesease - proteolysis holds the key. Science 286: 916–919

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen L A, Masliah E, Galasko D, Terry R D (1993) Plaque- only Alzheimer disease is usually the Lewy body variant and vice versa. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 52: 648–654

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirano A, Malamud N, Elizan T S, Kurlan L T (1966) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonism-dementia complex on Guam. Arch Neurol 15: 35–51

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hyman B T, Trojanowski J Q (1997) Consensus recommendations for the postmortem diagnosis of Alzheimer disease from the National Institute of Aging and the Reagan Institute Working Group on diagnostic criteria for the neuro- pathological assessment of Alzheimer disease. J Neuro- pathol Exp Neurol 56: 1095–1097

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda K, Akiyama H, Arai T, Mori H, Sahara N, Sakata M, Mizutani T (1996) Senile dementia with abundant neurofibrillary tangles without accompanying senile plaques. A new disease entity separable from SDAT? Neurobiol Aging (Suppl 17 ): S150–S151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I, Zaidi T, Merz P A, Wen G Y, Shaikh S S, Wisniewski H M, Alafuzoff I, Winblad B (1986) Defective brain microtubule assembly in Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet II (8504): 421–426

    Google Scholar 

  • Janota I, Mirsen T R, Hachinski V C et al. (1989) Neuropathology correlates of leuko-araiosis. Arch Neurol 46: 1124–1128

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jellinger K A (1997) Morphological substrates of dementia in parkinsonism. A critical update. J Neural Transm Suppl 51: 57–82

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jellinger K A (1998) The neuropathological diagnosis of Alz-heimer disease. J Neural Transm Suppl 53: 97–118

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jellinger K A, Bancher C (1994) Classification of dementias based on functional morphology. In: Jellinger K A, Ladurner G, Windisch M (eds) New trends in the diagnosis and therapy of Alzheimer’s disease. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 9–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Jellinger K, Neumayer E (1964) Progressive subcorticale Encephalopathie Binswanger. Eine klinisch-neuropathologi- sche Studie. Arch Psychiat Z Ges Neurol 205: 523–554

    Google Scholar 

  • Jellinger K, Bancher C, Fischer P, Lassmann H (1992) Quantitative histopathologic validation of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Eur J Gerontol 3: 146–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Katzman R, Terry R, De Teresa R et al. (1988) Clinical, pathological, and neurochemical changes in dementia: a subgroup with preserved mental status and numerous neo- cortical plaques. Ann Neurol 23: 138–144

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kertesz A, Munoz D (1998) Pick’s disease, frontotemporal dementia. And Pick complex: emrging concepts. Arch Neurol 55: 302–304

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khachaturian Z S (1985) Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Neurol 42: 1097–1105

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kidd M (1964) Alzheimer’s disease: an electron microscopic study. Brain 87: 307–320

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klatka L A, Schiffer R B, Powers J M, Kazee A M (1996) Incorrect diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. A clinicopathological study. Arch Neurol 53: 35–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Kosaka K, Yoshimura M, Ikeda K, Budka H (1984) Diffuse type of Lewy body disease: progressive dementia with abundant cortical Lewy bodies and senile changes of varying degree - a new disease? Clin Neuropathol 3: 185–192

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langui D, Probst A S, Ulrich J (1995) Alzheimer’s changes in non-demented and demented patients: a statistical approach to their relationships. Acta Neuropathol 89: 57–62

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lassmann H, Weiler R, Fischer P, Bancher C, Jellinger K (1992) Synaptic pathology in Alzheimer’s disease: immunological data for markers of synaptic and large dense core vesicles. Neuroscience 46: 1–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lautenschläger N, Kurz A, Müller U (1999) Erbliche Ursachen und Risikofaktoren der Alzheimer-Krankheit. Nervenarzt 70: 195–205

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mann D M A (1998) Dementia of frontal type and dementias with subcortical gliosis. Brain Pathol 8: 325–338

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mann D M A, Yates P O (1974) Lipoprotein pigments. Their relationship to aging in the human nervous system. Brain 97: 481–498

    Google Scholar 

  • Masliah E (1995) Mechanisms of synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease. Histol Histopathol 10: 505–519

    Google Scholar 

  • Masliah E, Mallory M, Hansen L et al. (1993) Quantitative sy-naptic alterations in the human neocortex during normal aging. Neurology 43: 192–197

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKeith I G, Galasko D, Kosaka K, Perry E K et al. (1996) Consensus guidelines for the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB): Report of the Consortium on DLB International Workshop. Neurology 47: 1113–1124

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mirra S S, Hart M N, Terry R D (1993) Making the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. A primer for practicing pathologists. Arch Pathol Lab Med 117: 132–144

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morris J C, McKeel D W Jr, Storandt M, Rubin E M, Price J L, Grant E A, Ball M J, Berg L (1991) Very mild Alzheimer’s disease: informant-based clinical, psychometric, and pathological distinction from normal aging. Neurology 41: 469–478

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakano I (2000) Frontotemporal dementia with motor neuron disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia). Neuropathology 20: 68–75

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nalbantoglu J, Gilfix B M, Bertrand P, Robitaille Y, Gauthier S, Rosenblatt D S, Poirier J (1994) Predictive value of apolipoprotein E genotyping in Alzheimer’s disease: results of an autopsy series and an analysis of several combined studies. Ann Neurol 36: 889–895

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohm T G, Kirca M, Bohl J, Scharnagl H, Gross W, Marz W (1995) Apolipoprotein E polymorphism influences not only cerebral senile plaque load but also Alzheimer type neurofibrillary tangle formation. Neuroscience 66: 583–587

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poirier J, Davignon J, Bouthillier D, Kogan S, Bertrand P, Gauthier S (1993) Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet 342: 697–699

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polvikoski T, Sulkava R, Haltia M, Kainulainen K, Vuorio A, Verkkoniemi, Niinisto L, Halonen P, Kontula K (1995) Apolipoprotein E, dementia, and cortical deposition of amyloid protein. N Engl J Med 333: 1242–1247

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts G W, Allsop D, Bruton C (1990) The occult aftermath of boxing. J Neurol Neurosurg Psych 53: 373–378

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roman G C, Tatemichi T K, Erkinjutti T et al. (1993) Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop. Neurology 43: 250–260

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saunders A M, Strittmatter W J, Schmechel D et al. (1993) Association of apolipoprotein E allele e4 with late-onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 43: 1467–1472

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmechel D E, Saunders A M, Strittmatter W J, (1993) Increased amyloid M-peptide deposition in cerebral cortex as a consequence of apolipoprotein E genotype in late-onset Alzheimer disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 9649– 9653

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroder J M, Sellhaus G, Jorg J (1995) Identification of the characteristic vascular changes in a sural nerve biopsy of a case with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy ( CA- DASIL ). Acta Neuropathol 89: 116–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Selkoe DJ (1994) Alzheimer’s disease: a central role for amyloid. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 53: 438–447

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sima A A F, Defendini R, Keohane C et al. (1996) The neuropathology of chromosome 17-linked dementia. Neurology 39: 734–743

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • St. George-Hyslop P H (2000) Molecular genetics of Alzheimer’s disease. Biol Psychiatry 47: 183–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Strittmatter W J, Roses, A D (1996) Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Rev Neurosci 19: 53–77

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terry R D, Masliah E, Salmon D et al. (1991) Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer’s disease: synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol 30: 572–580

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tierney M C, Fisher R H, Lewis A J, Zorzitto M L, Snow W G, Reid D W, Nieuwstraten P (1988) The NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group criteria for the clinical diagnosis of possible Alzheimer’s disease: s clinicopathologic study of 57 cases. Neurology 38: 359–364

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tolnay M, Monsch A U, Staehelin H B, Probst A (1999) Die Silberkornkrankheit - Abgrenzung zur Alzheimer’schen Erkrankung. Pathologe 20: 159–168

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trojanowski J Q, Lee V M (1998) Aggregation of neurofilament and alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies: implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease and Lewy body dementia. Arch Neurol 55: 151–152

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcock G K, Esiri M M (1982) Plaques, tangles and dementia. A quantitative study. J Neurol Sci 56: 343–356

    Google Scholar 

  • Wisniewski H M, Narang H K, Corsellis J A N, Terry R D (1976) Ultrastructural studies of the neuropil and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease and post-traumatic dementia. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 35: 367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wisniewski K, Jervis G A, Moretz R C, Wisniewski H M (1979) Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles in diseases other than senile and presenile dementia. Ann Neurol 5: 288–294

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto T, Hirano A (1986) A comparative study of modified Bielschowsky, Bodian and thioflavin S stain on Alzheimer’s neurofibrillary tangles. Neuropathol Exp Neurobiol 12: 3–9

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. C. Bancher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Haldenbachstr. 17, 72074, Tübingen, Germany

    Jürgen Peiffer (Nervenarzt und Neuropathologe ehem. Direktor des Institutes für Hirnforschung der Universität) (Nervenarzt und Neuropathologe ehem. Direktor des Institutes für Hirnforschung der Universität)

  2. Institut für Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    J. Michael Schröder

  3. Institut für Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Domagkstr. 19, 48149, Münster, Germany

    Werner Paulus

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bancher, C. (2002). Physiologisches und pathologisches Altern des Gehirns. In: Peiffer, J., Schröder, J.M., Paulus, W. (eds) Neuropathologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59371-0_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59371-0_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63951-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-59371-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation