Skip to main content

Mechanische Traumen

  • Chapter
Neuropathologie
  • 130 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Die klinische Systematik der durch mechanische Gewalteinwirkung erzeugten Verletzungen des zentralen Nervensystems unterscheidet das offene von dem gedeckten Schädel-Hirn-Trauma. Aus morphologischer Sicht werden ferner traumatische Veränderungen des Hüllsystems von den Verletzungen des Parenchyms unterschieden sowie primäre von sekundären Veränderungen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Adams JH (1992) Head injury. In: Adams JH, Duchen LW (eds) Greenfields neuropathology. Arnold, London, pp. 106–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams JH, Scott G, Parker LS, Graham DI, Doyle D (1980) The contusion index: a quantitative approach to cerebral contusions in head injury. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 6: 319–324

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adams J H, Graham D I, Muray L S, Scott G (1982) Diffuse axonal injury due to non-missile head injury in humans: an analysis of 45 cases. Ann Neurol 12: 557–563

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adams J H, Doyle D, Graham D I etal. (1985) The contusion index: a reappraisal in human and experimental nonmissile head injury. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 11: 299–308

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adams J H, Doyle D, Graham D I, Lawrence A E, McLellan D R (1986) Deep intracerebral (basal ganglia) haematomas in fatal nonmissile head injury in man. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 49: 1039–1043

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bakay L, Lee J C, Lee G C, Peng J R (1977) Experimental cerebral contusion. J Neurosurg 47: 525–531

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bandak F A (1997) Impact traumatic brain injury: a mechanical perspektive. In: Oehmichen M, König H G (eds) Neuro-traumatology-biomechanic aspects, cytologic and molecular mechanisms. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck, pp 59–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Behrmann S, Mandybur T, McMenemey WH (1962) Un cas de maladie Creutzfeld-Jakob à la suite d’un traumatisme cérébrale. Rev Neurol 107: 453–459

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry H (2000) Chronic whiplash syndrome as a functional disorder. Arch Neurol 57: 592–594

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blumbergs P C, Scott G, Manavis J, Wainwright H, Simpson D A, McLean A J (1995) Topography of axonal injury as defined by amyloid precursor protein and the sector scoring method in mild and severe closed head injury. J Neurotrauma 12: 565–571

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bogduk N, Teasell R (2000) Whiplash - The evidence for an organic etiology. Arch Neurol 57: 590–591

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bratzke H (1997) The origin of brain stem hemorrhages. In: Oehmichen M, König HG (eds) Neurotraumatology-biomechanic aspects, cytologic and molecular mechanisms. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck, pp 93–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Breig A (1978) Adverse mechanical tension in the central nervous system. Wiley amp; Sons, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Cave WS (1983) Acute nontraumatic subdural hematoma of arterial origin. J Forensic Sci 28: 786–789

    Google Scholar 

  • Corsellis J A N (1989) Boxing and the brain. BMJ 298: 105–109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corsellis J A N, Bruton C J, Freeman-Browne D (1973) The aftermath of boxing. Psychol Med 3: 270–303

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dick J P R (1992) Hazards of lumbar puncture. In: Chritchley E, Eisen A (eds) Diseases of the spinal cord. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 35–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Dirnhofer R, Patschneider H (1977) Zur Entstehung von Hirnstammverletzungen. Z Rechtsmed 79: 25–45

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Döpper T, Spaar F W, Orthner H (1972) Zur Neuropathologie des posttraumatischen Hirndrucks im Kindesalter. Z Neurol 202: 37–51

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flamm E S, Demopoulos H V, Seligman M I, Thomasula J J, De Crescito V, Ransohoff J (1977) Ethanol potentiation of central nervous system trauma. J Neurosurg 46: 328–335

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freytag E (1963) Autopsy findings in head injuries from blunt forces. Statistical evaluation of 3367 cases. Arch Pathol 75: 402–413

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geddes J F, Vowles G H, Beer T W, Ellison D W (1997) The diagnosis of diffuse axonal injury: implications for forensic practice. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 23: 339–347

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geddes J F, Whitwell H L, Graham D I (2000) Traumatic axonal injury: practical issues for diagnosis in medicolegal cases. Neuropathol Appi Neurobiol 26: 105–116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gennarelli T A, Spielman G M, Langfitt T W etal. (1982) Influence of the type of intracranial lesion on outcome from severe head injury. J Neurosurg 56: 26–36

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gentleman S M, Graham D I (1997) Head injury and Alzheimer-type pathology: some forensic considerations. In: Oehmichen M, König HG (eds) Neurotraumatology biomechanic aspects, cytologic and molecular mechanisms. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck, pp 161–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Gentleman D, North F, Macpherson P (1989) Diagnosis and management of delayed traumatic haematomas. Brit J Neurosurg 3: 367–372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gentleman S M, Lynch A, Graham D I, Roberts G W (1992) Deposition of bA4 amyloid protein in the brain following severe head trauma. Clin Neuropathol 11: 137–185

    Google Scholar 

  • Gentleman S M, Nash A J, Sweeting C J, Graham D I, Roberts G W (1993) b-Amyloid precursor protein (b-APP) as a marker of axonal injury after head injury. Neuroscience Letters 160: 139–144

    Google Scholar 

  • Geserick G (1997) Extraordinary types of contrecoup injury. In: Oehmichen M, König HG (eds) Neurotraumatology biomechanic aspects, cytologic and molecular mechanisms. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck, pp 85–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Graeber M B, von Eitzen U, Grasbon-Frodl E, Egensperger R, Kösel S (1997) Microglia: a „sensor“ of pathology in the human CNS. In: Oehmichen M, König HG (eds) Neurotraumatology biomechanic aspects, cytologic and molecular mechanisms. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck, pp 239–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham I, Gennarelli T A (1997) Trauma. In: Graham D I, Lantos P L (eds) Greenfield’s neuropathology (6th ed), vol 1. Arnold, London, pp 167–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Grimberg L (1934) Paralysis agitans and trauma. J Nerv Ment Dis 79: 14–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graham D I, Ford I, Adams J H, Doyle D, Teasdale G M, Lawrence A E, McLellan, D R (1989) Ischaemic brain damage is still common in fatal non-missile head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 52: 346–350

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross A G (1958) A new theory on the dynamics of brain concussion and brain injury. J Neurosurg 15: 548–561

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gurdjian E S (1975) Impact head injury. Thomas, Springfield/ IL

    Google Scholar 

  • Henn R (1989) Schädeltrauma In: Cervos-Navarro J, Ferszt R (Hrsg) Klinische Neuropathologie. Thieme, Stuttgart, S 299–319

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollander D, Strich S J (1970) Atypical Alzheimer’s disease with congophilic angiophathy presenting with dementia of acute onset. In: Wolstenholme GEW, O’Connor M (eds) Alzheimer’s disease and related conditions. Churchill, London, pp 105–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Horsburgh K, Cole G M, Yang F etal. (2000) β-Amyloid (Aβ)42(43), Aβ42, Aβ40 and apoE immunostaining of plaques in fatal head injury. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 26: 124–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes J T (1978) Pathology of the spinal cord. Lloyd-Luke, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen PL, Farmer TW (1979) The „hypernormal“ CT scan in dementia: Bilateral isodense subdural hematoms. Neurology 29: 1522–1524

    Google Scholar 

  • Janzon B (1997) Projectile-material interactions: simulants. In: Cooper G J C, Dudley H A F, Gann D S, Little R A, Maynard R L (eds) Scientific foundations of trauma. Butter-worth-Heinemann, Oxford, pp 26–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Janzon B, Hull J B, Ryan J M (1997) Projectile-material interactions: soft tissue and bone. In: Cooper G J C, Dudley H A F, Gann D S, Little R A, Maynard R L (eds) Scientific foundations of trauma. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, pp 37–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Jennett B, Teasdale G (1981) Management of head injuries. Davis, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Jennett B, Snoek J, Bond M R, Brooks N (1981) Disability after severe head injury: oberservations on the use of the Glasgow outcome scale. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 44: 285–293

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaur B, Rutty G N, Timperley W R (1999) The possible role of hypoxia in the formation of axonal bulbs. J Clin Pathol 52: 203–209

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kimelberg H K, Rutledge E, Feustel P J (1997) Cell swelling and effects of alcohol in experimental neural trauma. In: Oehmichen M, König HG (eds) Neurotraumatology biomechanic aspects, cytologic and molecular mechanisms. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck, pp 295–315

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirkpatrick J B, Pearson J (1978) Fatal cerebral injury in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 26: 489–497

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobrine A I, Timmins E, Rajjoub R K, Rizzoli H V, Davis D O (1977) Demonstration of massive traumatic brain swelling within 20 minutes after injury. J Neurosurg 46: 256–258

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koszyca B, Blumbergs P C, Manavis J, Wainwright H etal. (1998) Widespread axonal injury in gunshot wounds to the head using amyloid precursor protein as a marker. J Neurotrauma 15: 675–683

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krauland W (1961) Über die Quellen des akuten und chronischen subduralen Hämatoms. Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Krauland W (1973) Über die Zeitbestimmung von Schädelhirnverletzungen. Beitr Gerichtl Med 30: 226–251

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krauland W (1982) Verletzungen der intrakraniellen Schlagadern. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Krauland W, Stögbauer R (1961) Zur Kenntnis der Schlagaderverletzungen am Hirngrund bei gedeckten stumpfen Gewalteinwirkungen. Beitr Gerichtl Med 21: 171–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Lassmann H (1997) In situ staging of CNS white matter lesions. In: Oehmichen M, König HG (eds) Neurotraumatology biomechanic aspects, cytologic and molecular mechanisms. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck, pp 253–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Leestma J E (1988) Forensic neuropathology. Raven, New York, pp 184–299

    Google Scholar 

  • Lende R A, Erickson T C (1961) Growing skull fractures of childhood. J Neurosurg 18: 479–489

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li G L, Ahlgren S, Farooque M, Holtz A, Olsson Y (1997) Lesions of axons and dendrites in spinal cord trauma. In: Oehmichen M, König HG (eds) Neurotraumatology biomechanic aspects, cytologic and molecular mechanisms. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck, pp 187–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindenberg R, Freytag E (1957) Morphology of cortical contusions. Arch Pathol 63: 23–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindenberg R, Freytag E (1969) Morphology of brain lesions from blunt trauma in early infancy. Arch Pathol 87: 298–305

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu H C, Lee J C, Bakay L (1979) Experimental cerebral concussion. Acta Neurochir 47: 105–122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lubock P, Goldsmith W (1980) Experimental cavitation studies in a model head-neck system. J Biomechanics 13: 1041–1052

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacPherson P, Teasdale E, Dhaker S, Allerdyce G, Galbraith S (1986) The significance of traumatic haematoma in the region of the basal ganglia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 49: 1039–1043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mastaglia F L, Savas S, Kakulas B A (1969) Intracranial thrombosis of the internal carotid artery after closed head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 32: 382–388

    Google Scholar 

  • Matakas FL (1975) Zur Genese sekundärer Hirnstammblutungen. Zentralbl Allg Pathol 119: 223

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer E T (1967) Zentrale Hirnschäden nach Einwirkung stumpfer Gewalt auf den Schädel. Arch Psychiat Z Neurol 210: 238–262

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDermott M, Fleming J F R, Vanderlinden R G, Tucker W S (1984) Spontaneous arterial subdural hematoma. Neurosurgery 14: 13–18

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mealey J (1960) Acute extradural hematomas without demonstrable skull fractures. J Neurosurg 17: 27–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mehta, K M, Ott, A, Kalmijn S, Slooter A J C, van Duijn C M, Hofman A, Breteler M M B (1999) Head trauma and risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The Rotterdam Study. Neurology 53: 1959–1962

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyermann R, Engel S, Wehner H-D, Schlüsener H J (1997) Microglial reactions in severe closed head injury. In: Oehmichen M, König H G (eds) Neurotraumatology-biomechanic aspects, cytologic and molecular mechanisms. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck, pp 261–278

    Google Scholar 

  • Nahum A M, Smith R, Ward C C (1977) Intracranial pressure dynamics during head impact. Proc 21th Stapp Car Crash Conf: 339–366

    Google Scholar 

  • Nayak A K, Mohanty S, Singh R K N, Chansouria J P N (1980) Plasma biogenic amines in head injury. J Neurol Sci 47: 211–219

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicoll J A R, Graham D I (1997) Apolipoprotein E and head injury. In: Oehmichen M, König H G (eds) Neurotraumatology biomechanic aspects, cytologic and molecular mechanisms. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck, pp 155–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson B, Nordström C H (1977) Experimental head injury in the rat. J Neurosurg 47: 262–273

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oehmichen M (1976) Cerebrospinal fluid cytology. Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Oehmichen M ( 1978 ) Mononuclear phagocytes in the central nervous system. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Oehmichen M (1994) Brain death: neuropathological findings and forensic implications. Forens Sci Int 69: 205–219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oehmichen M, König H G (Hrsg) (1997) Neurotraumatology: biomechanic aspects, cytologic and molecular mechanisms. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck

    Google Scholar 

  • Oehmichen M, Meissner C (1999) Traumatic induced total myelomalacia of the cervical spinal cord associated with a space-occupying subdural hematoma. Clin Neuropathol 18: 308–312

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oehmichen M, Raff G (1980) Timing of cortical contusion. Z Rechtsmed 84: 79–94

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oehmichen M, Eisenmenger W, Raff G (1981) Theoretischexperimentelle und statistische Grundlagen zur zytomorphologischen Altersbestimmung traumatischer Rindenblutungen. Beitr Gerichtl Med 39: 57–72

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oehmichen M, Wiethölter H, Grüninger G, Wolburg W (1982) Time-dependency of the lymphatic efflux of intra-cerebrally applied corpuscular tracers. Light and electron microscopic investigations. Lymphology 15: 112–125

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oehmichen M, Wiethölter H, Grüninger H, Gencic M (1983) Destruction of intracerebrally applied red blood cells in cervical lymph nodes. Experimental investigations. Forensic Sci Int 21: 43–57

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oehmichen M, Eisenmenger W, Raff G, Berghaus G (1986) Brain macrophages in human cortical contusions as indicator of survival period. Forens Sci Int 30: 281–301

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oehmichen M, Meissner, C, Schmidt V, Pedal I, König H G (1997) Axonal injury (AI) in a forensic-neuropathological material. In: Oehmichen M, König HG (eds) Neurotraumatology biomechanic aspects, cytologic and molecular mechanisms. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck, pp 203–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Oehmichen M, Meissner, C, Schmidt V, Pedal I, König H G, Saternus K S (1998) Axonal injury a diagnostic tool in forensic neuropathology? A review. Forensic Sci Int 95: 67–83

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oehmichen M, Meissner C, Schmidt V, Pedal I, König H G (1999a) Pontine axonal injury after brain trauma and nontraumatic hypoxicischemic brain damage. Int J Legal Med 112: 261–267

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oehmichen M, Theuerkauf I, Meissner C (1999b) Is traumatic axonal injury ( AI) associated with an early microglial activtion? Application of a double-labeling technique for simultaneous detection of microglia and AI. Acta Neuropathol 97: 491–494

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oehmichen M, Meissner C, König H G (2000) Brain injury after gunshot wounding: morphometric analysis of cell destruction caused by temporary cavitation. J Neurotrauma 17: 155–162

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oehmichen M, Meissner C, König H G (2001) Brain injury after survived gunshot to the head: reactive alterations at sites remote from the missile track. Forens Sci Int 115: 189–197

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oka H, Motomochi M, Suzuki Y, Ando K (1972) Subdural hygroma after head injury. Acta Neurochir 26: 265–273

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker RS (1990) Traumatic brain injury and neuropsychological impairment. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Peiffer J (1977) Neuropathologische Grundlagen. In: Anders G, Feiten R, Kirsch A (Hrsg) Boxen und Gesundheit. Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag, Köln, S 173–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters G (1970) Klinische Neuropathologie. Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Povlishock JT (1997) The pathogenesis and implications of axonal injury in traumatically injured animal and human brain. In: Oehmichen M, König HG (eds) Neurotraumatology biomechanic aspects, cytologic and molecular mechanisms. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck, pp 175–185

    Google Scholar 

  • Povlishock J T, Becker D P, Miller J D, Jenkins L W, Dietrich W D (1979) The morphopathologic substrates of concussion? Acta Neuropathol 47: 1–11

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prokop O, Göhler W (1976) Forensische Medizin. Fischer, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Raghupathi R, Saatman K E, Smith D H, Mcintosh T K (1997) Genomic responses to experimental brain injury: implications for therapeutic intervention. In: Oehmichen M, König HG (eds) Neurotraumatology biomechanic aspects, cytologic and molecular mechanisms. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck, pp 143–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Reece R M, Ludwig S (eds) (2001) Child aduse: medical diagnosis and management. Lippincott Williams amp; Wilkins, Philadelphia Baltimore New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Richard K E (1991) Traumatic brain swelling and brain edema. In: Frowein RA (ed) Cerebral contusions, lacerations and hematomas. Springer, Wien New York, pp 101–139

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts G W, Allsop D, Bruton C (1990) The occult aftermath of boxing. J Neurol, Neurosurg Psychiatry 53: 373–378

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruan J S, Khabil T B, King A I (1993) Finite element modeling of direct head impact. Proc 37th Stapp Car Crash Conf: 69–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Sances A, Thomas D J, Ewing C L, Larson S J, Unterharnscheid F (eds) (1986) Mechanisms of head and spine trauma. Aloray Publ Goshen, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Saternus K S (1977) Die Verletzungen von Halswirbelsäule und von Halsweichteilen. Hippokrates, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiefer W, Lewke M, Kazner E (1968) Der hämorrhagische Schock als Leitsymptom für die Erkennung posttraumatischer intrakranieller Hämatome bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern. Zentralbl Neurochir 29: 131–138

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schumacher M, Oehmichen M, König H G, Einighammer H, Bien S (1985) Computertomographische Untersuchungen zur Wundballistik kranialer Schußverletzungen. Beitr Gerichtl Med 43: 95–101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sellier K, Kneubuehl B (1994) Wound ballistics and the scientific background. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Sellier K, Kneubuehl B (2001) Wundballistik und ihre ballistischen Grundlagen (2nd ed) Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Sellier K, Unterharnscheidt F (1963) Mechanik und Pathomorphologie der Hirnschäden nach stumpfer Gewalteinwirkung auf den Schädel. Springer, Berlin Göttingen Heidelberg (Hefte zur Unfallheilkunde 76 )

    Google Scholar 

  • Semple-Rowland S L, Miller R C, Hurley S D, Streit W J (1997) Cytokine gene transcription profiles in contused spinal cord. In: Oehmichen M, König HG (eds) Neurotraumatology biomechanic aspects, cytologic and molecular mechanisms. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck, pp 121–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharp J W, Sagar S M, Hisanaga K, Jasper P, Sharp F R (1990) The NMDA receptor mediates cortical induction of fos and fos-related antigens following cortical injury. Exp Neurology 109: 323–332

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheriff F E, Bridges L R, Sivaloganatham S (1994) Early detection of axonal injury after human head trauma using immunocytochemistry for ß-amyloid precursor protein. Acta Neuropathol 87: 55–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snoek J, Jennett B, Adams J H, Graham I, Doyle D (1979) Computerised tomography after recent severe head injury and patients without acute intracranial haematoma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 42: 215–225

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stalhammar D A (1990) Mechanism of brain injuries. In: Braakman R (ed) Handbook of clinical neurology, vol 13/ 57: Headinjury. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 17–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Stalhammar D A (1991) Biomechanics of brain injuries. In: Frowein RA (ed) Cerebral contusions, lacerations and hematomas. Springer, Wien New York, pp 1–23

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Strich S J (1976) Cerebral trauma. In: Blackword W, Corsellis JAN (eds) Greenfield’s neuropathology, 3rd edn. Arnold, London, pp 327–360

    Google Scholar 

  • Tokuda T, Ikeda S, Yanagisawa N, Ihara Y, Glenner G G (1991) Reexamination of ex-boxers’ brains using immunohisto-chemistry with antibodies to amyloid β-protein and tau protein. Acta Neuropathol 82: 280–285

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tucci K A, Landy H J, Green B A, Eismont F J (1992) Trauma and paraplegia. In: Chritchley E, Eisen A (eds) Diseases of the spinal cord. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 409–427

    Google Scholar 

  • Unterharnscheidt F (1992–1994) Traumatologic von Hirn und Rückenmark. In: Doerr W, Seifert G (Hrsg) Spezielle pathologische Anatomie, Bd XIII/6a-c, 7. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinken P J, Bryn G W, Klawan H L, Braakman R (eds) (1990) Head injury. Elsevier, Amsterdam (Handbook of clinical neurology, vol 57 )

    Google Scholar 

  • Voigt G E, Löwenhielm C G P, Ljung C B A (1977) Rotational cerebral injuries near the superior margin of the brain. Acta Neuropathol 39: 201–209

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White A H, Panjabi M M (1978) Clinical biomechanics of the spine. Lippincott, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Yakovlev A G, Faden A L (1997) Traumatic brain injury regulates expression of ced-related genes modulating neuronal apoptosis. In: Oehmichen M, König HG (eds) Neurotraumatology biomechanic aspects, cytologic and molecular mechanisms. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck, pp 107–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Young P G, Morfey C L (1998) Intracranial pressure transients caused by head impacts. Proc Int IRCOBI Conf: 391–403

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Oehmichen, M., König, H.G. (2002). Mechanische Traumen. In: Peiffer, J., Schröder, J.M., Paulus, W. (eds) Neuropathologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59371-0_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59371-0_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63951-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-59371-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics