Skip to main content
  • 45 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Wachstum bedeutet die Zunahme biologischer Größen, z. B. der Zellmasse, der Körperlänge, des Körpergewichts, der Muskelkraft oder der Sekretionsleistung von Drüsen. Wachstum ist damit ein grundlegendes Ereignis der biologischen Entwicklung, die sich darüber hinaus durch eine kontinuierliche Differenzierung v. a. funktioneller Leistungen als systematischer und zugleich individueller Prozeß definiert. Sie ist folglich für Varianz und Vielfalt offen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. Ackland FM, Jones J, Buckler JMH, Dunger DB, Rayner PHW, Preece MA (1990) Growth hormone treatment in non growth hormone deficient children: effects of stopping treatment. Acta Paediatr Scand 366: 32–37

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Adamo ML, Koval A, LeRoith D, Roberts CT Jr (1994) Posttranscriptional regulation of IGF-I gene expression. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 23–31

    Google Scholar 

  3. Adashi EY (1993) The role of IGF-I in ovarian physiology: basic and clinical implications. Pediatr Adolesc Endocrinol 24: 202–208

    Google Scholar 

  4. Adashi EY (1994) Growth factors and ovarian function: The IGF-I paradigm. Horm Res 42: 44–48

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Adashi EY (1994) Regulation of intrafollicular IGFBPs: possible relevance to ovarian follicular selection. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 341–349

    Google Scholar 

  6. Adashi EY, Resnick CED, Ercole AJ, Svoboda ME, Van Wyk JJ (1985) Insulin-like growth factors as intraovarian regulators of granulosa cell growth and function. Endocr Rev 6: 400–420

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Adashi EY, Resnick CED, Hernandes ER, Svoboda ME, Van Wyk JJ (1988) Characterization and regulation of a specific cell membrane receptor for somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I in cultured rat granulosa cells. Endocrinology 122: 194–201

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Adashi EY, Resnick CE, Tedeschi C, Rosenfeld RG (1993) A kinase-mediated regulation of granulosa cell-derived insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs): disparate response sensitivities of distinct IGFBP species. Endocrinology 132: 1463–1468

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Adashi EY, Resnick CE, Rosenfeld RG (1994) IGF-I stimulates granulosa cell-derived insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5: evidence for medication via type I IGF receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 99: 279–284

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Albanese A, Stanhope R (1993) Does constitutional delayed puberty cause segmental disproportion and short stature. Eur J Pediatr 152: 293–296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Albanese A, Kewley GD, Long A, Pearl KN, Robins DG, Stanhope R (1994) Oral treatment for constitutional delay of growth and puberty in boys: a randomised trial of an anabolic steroid or testosterone undecanoate. Arch Dis Child 71: 315–317

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Argente J, Barrios V, Pozo J et al. (1993) Normative data for insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF-binding proteins, and growth hormone-binding protein in a healthy Spanish pediatric population: age-and sex-related changes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77: 1522–1528

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Aynsley-Green A, Zachmann M, Prader A (1976) Interrelation of the therapeutic effects of growth hormone and testosterone on growth in hypopituitarism. J Pediatr 89: 992–998

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bach MA, Bondy CA (1992) Anatomy of the pituitary insulin-like growth factor system. Endocrinology 131: 2588–2594

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bang P, Hall K (1992) Insulin-like growth factors as endocrine and paracrine hormones. In: Schofield PN (ed) The insulin-like growth factors - structure and biological functions. Oxford University Press, Oxford New York Tokyo, pp 151–177

    Google Scholar 

  16. Bang P, Baxter RC, Blum WF et al. (1994) Consensus statement: valid measurements of total IGF concentrations in biological fluids. Recommendations from the 3rd International Symposium on Insulin-like Growth Factors. J Endocrinol 143: Cl-C2

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bassi F, Neri AS, Gheri RG, Cheli D, Serio M (1993) Oxandrolone in constitutional delay of growth: analysis of the growth patterns up to final stature. J Endocrinol Invest 16: 133–137

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Baxter RC (1986) The somatomedins: insulin-like growth factors. Adv Clin Chem 25: 49–115

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Baxter RC, Cowell CT (1987) Diurnal rhythm of growth hormone independent binding protein for insulin-like growth factors in human plasma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 65: 432–440

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Baxter RC, Dai J, Holman S, Lewitt MS (1994) Determinants of complex formation between IGFBP-3 and the acid-labile subunit. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 227–235

    Google Scholar 

  21. Bayley N, Pinneau S (1952) Tables for predicting adult height from skeletal age. J Pediatr 14: 432–436

    Google Scholar 

  22. Bercu BB, Shulman D, Root AW, Spiliotis BE (1986) Growth hormone (GH) provocative testing frequently does not reflect endogenous GH secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 63: 709–716

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Bichell DP, Kikuchi K, Rotwein P (1992) Growth hormone rapidly activates insulin-like growth factor I gene transcription in vivo. Mol Endocrinol 6: 1899–1908

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Bierich JR (1979) Hochwuchs. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 127: 551–556

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Bierich JR, Potthoff K (1979) Die Spontansekretion des Wachstumshormons bei der konstitutionellen Entwicklungsverzögerung und der frühnormalen Pubertät. Monatschr Kinderheilkd 127: 561–566

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Bierich JR, Nolte K, Drews K, Brügman G (1992) Constitutional delay of growth and adolescence. Results of short-term and long-term treatment of GH. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 127: 392–396

    Google Scholar 

  27. Binoux M, Lalou C, Lasarre C, Segovia B (1994) Regulation of IGF bioavailability by IGFBP proteases. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 217–226

    Google Scholar 

  28. Blethen SL, Gaines S, Welden V (1984) Comparison of predicted and adult heights in short boys: effects of androgen therapy. Pediatr Res 18: 467–469

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Blum WF (1992) Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins. In: Ranke MB (ed) Functional endocrinologic diagnostics in children and adolescence. J & J, Mannheim, pp 102–117

    Google Scholar 

  30. Blum WF (1994) Review: Die Bedeutung von IGF-I, IGFII und IGFBP-3 für die Diagnostik des Wachstumshormon-Mangels. In: Ranke MB, Stolecke H (Hrsg) Diagnostik des Wachstumshormon-Mangels - aktuelle methodische und klinische Aspekte. Dokument + Bild, Ankum-Kettenkamp, S 197–233

    Google Scholar 

  31. Brack C, Landskroener G, Müller S, Maslak R (1994) Parallele Bestimmung der spontanen nächtlichen Wachstumshormonsekretion und des Wachstumshormons im Urin. In: Ranke MB, Stolecke H (Hrsg) Diagnostik des Wachstumshormon-Mangels - aktuelle methodische und klinische Aspekte. Dokument + Bild, Ankum-Kettenkamp, S 163–180

    Google Scholar 

  32. Brämswig JH, von Lengerke HJ, Schmidt H, Schellong G (1988) The results of short term (6 month) high-dose testosterone treatment on bone age and adult height in boys of exessively tall stature. Eur J Pediatr 148: 104–106

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Brandt I (1989) Neue Somatogramme. Pädiatr Praxis 38: 35–37

    Google Scholar 

  34. Brandt I, Reinken L (1988) Die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit gesunder Kinder in den ersten 16 Lebensjahren: longitudinale Entwicklungsstudie Bonn - Dortmund. Klin Pädiatrie 200: 451–456

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Butenandt O (1990) Nächtliche Wachstumshormonsekretion bei Kindern mit konstitutioneller und erworbener Entwicklungsverzögerung. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 138, 198–201

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Butenandt O (1994) Nächtliche Spontansekretion: Referenzwerte für Kinder mit familiärer Mindergröße und familiärer oder nichtfamiliärer Entwicklungsverzögerung. In: Ranke MB, Stolecke H (Hrsg) Diagnostik des Wachstumshormon-Mangels - aktuelle methodische und klinische Aspekte. Dokument + Bild, Ankum-Kettenkamp, S 107–120

    Google Scholar 

  37. Buyalos RP (1995) Insulin-like growth factors: clinical experience in ovarian function. Am J Med 98 (Suppl 1A): 55S–66S

    Google Scholar 

  38. Canalis E (1994) Insulin-like growth factor, an autocrine regulator of skeletal cells. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 307–313

    Google Scholar 

  39. Cara JF (1994) Insulin-like growth factors, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins and ovarian androgen production. Horm Res 42: 49–54

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ceda GP, Hoffmann AR, Silverberg GD et al. (1985) Regulation of growth hormone release from cultured human pituitary adenomas by somatomedins and insulin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 60: 1204–1209

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Chalew SA, Udoff LC, Hanucoglu A, Bistritzer T, Armour KM, Kowarski AA (1988) Effect of testosterone therapy on spontaneous growth hormone secretion in boys with constitutional delay. Am J Dis Child 142: 1345–1348

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Chard T (1994) Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins in normal and abnormal human fetal growth. Growth Regul 4: 91–100

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Chatelain PG, Avallet MO, Clark A et al. (1994) Insulin-like growth factor I and the testis target. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 363–367

    Google Scholar 

  44. Chatelain PG, Avallet MO, Nicolino M et al. (1994) Insulin-like growth factor I actions on steroidogenesis. Acta Paediatr 83 (Suppl 399): 176–177

    Google Scholar 

  45. Chin E, Michels K, Bondy CA (1994) Partition of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding sites between the IGF-I and IGF-II receptors and IGF-binding proteins in the human kidney. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78: 156–164

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Clark R, Jardieu P (1994) Immunologic effects of IGF-I. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 393–400

    Google Scholar 

  47. Clayton PE, Shalet SM, Price DA (1988) Endocrine manipulation of constitutional delay in growth and puberty (CDGP). Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 116: 321–323

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Clemmons DR, Nam TJ, Busby WH, Parker A (1994) Modification of IGF action by insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 183–191

    Google Scholar 

  49. Cohen P, Lamson G, Okajima T, Rosenfeld RG (1993) Transfection of the human insulin-like growth factor protein 3 gene into Balb/c fibroblasts inhibits cellular growth. Mol Endocrinol 7: 380–386

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Cohen P, Peehl DM, Rosenfeld RG (1994) The IGF axis in the prostate. Horm Metab Res 26: 81–84

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Cohen A, Kauli R, Pertzelan A et al. (1995) Final height of girls with Turner’s syndrome: correlation with karyotype and parental height. Acta Paediatr 84: 550–554

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Conover CA, Clarkson JT, Wissink S, Durham SK, Bale LK (1994) Biological effects of IGF-regulated IGFBP in cultured human fibroblasts. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 175–182

    Google Scholar 

  53. Cox LK (1994) Preliminary report on the validation of a grammarbased computer system for assessing skeletal maturity with the Tanner-Whitehouse 2 method. Acta Paediatr. 83 (Suppl 406): 84–85

    Google Scholar 

  54. Cowell CT (1994) Growth hormone therapy in idiopathic short stature in the Kabi International Growth Study. In: Ranke MB, Gunnarsson R (eds) Progress in growth hormone therapy - 5 years of KIGS. J & J, Mannheim, pp 216–229

    Google Scholar 

  55. Cowell CT (1990) Australian Paediatric Endocrine Group. Effects of growth hormone in short, slowly growing children without growth hormone deficiency. Acta Paediatr Scand 266: 29–30

    Google Scholar 

  56. Crawford JD (1978) Treatment of tall girls with oestrogen. Pediatrics 62: 1202–1210

    Google Scholar 

  57. Crowne EC, Shalet SM, Wallace WH, Eminson DM, Price DA (1990) Final height in boys with untreated constitutional delay in growth and puberty. Arch Dis Child 65: 1109–1112

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Crowne EC, Shalet SM, Wallace WH, Eminson DM, Price DA (1991) Final height in girls with untreated constitutional delay in growth and puberty. Eur J Pediatr 150: 708–710

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Crowne EC, Wallace WHB, Moore C, Mitchell R, Robertson WR, Shalet SM (1995) Degree of activation of the pituitary-testicular axis in early pubertal boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty determines the growth response to treatment with testosterone or oxandrolone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80: 1869–1875

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Darendelier F, Hindmarsh PC, Preece MA, Cox L, Brook CGD (1990) Growth hormone increases rate of pubertal maturation. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 122: 414–416

    Google Scholar 

  61. Daughaday WH (1992) The historical evolution of concepts of the role of insulin-like growth factors. In: Schofield PN (ed) The insulin-like growth factors - structure and biological functions. Oxford University Press, Oxford New York Tokyo, pp 5–11

    Google Scholar 

  62. Daughaday WH, Rotwein P (1989) Insulin-like growth factors I and II. Peptide, messenger ribonucleic acid and gene structures, serum, and tissue concentrations. Endocr Rev 10: 68–91

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Daughaday WH, Trivedi B (1994) Unglycosylated ”big“ IGF-II in nonislet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH) and its serum binding. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 77–84

    Google Scholar 

  64. De Waal WI, Vreeburg JTM, Bekkering F et al. (1995) High dose testosterone therapy for reduction of final height in constitutionally tall boys: does it influence testicular function in adulthood. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 43: 87–95

    Google Scholar 

  65. Dörr HG (1994) Reflektiert die Messung des Wachstumshormons im Urin die Spontansekretion? In: Ranke MB, Stolecke H (Hrsg) Diagnostik des Wachstumshormon-Mangels - aktuelle methodische and klinische Aspekte. Dokument + Bild, Ankum-Kettenkamp, S 151–161

    Google Scholar 

  66. Drop SLS, Hintz RL (1989) Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins. Proceedings of a workshop on insulin-like growth factor proteins, Vancouver, 17.-19.6.1989. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  67. Eastman CJ, Lazarus L (1973) Growth hormone release during sleep in growth retarded children. Arch Dis Child 48: 502–507

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Eden JA, Carter GD, Jones J, Price J, Alaghban-Zadeh J (1988) The relationship between follicular growth and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in human follicular fluid. J Endocrinol 117 (Suppl): 242–251

    Google Scholar 

  69. Ekström TJ (1994) Parental imprinting and the IGF2 gene. Horm Res 42: 176–181

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Elgin RG, Busby WH Jr, Clemmons DR (1987) An insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein enhances the biologic response to IGF-I. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 3254–3258

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Enberg G, Carlquist M, Jornvall H et al. (1984) The characterization of somatomedin A, isolated by microcomputer-controlled chromatography, reveals an apparent identity to insulin-like growth factor I. Eur J Biochem 143: 117–124

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Evain-Brion D, Gamier P, Blanco-Garcia M, Job JC (1983) Studies of constitutionally tall adolescents. II. Effects of bromocryptine on growth hormone secretion and adult height prediction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 58: 1022–1026

    Google Scholar 

  73. Ewton DZ, Magri KA, Florini JR (1994) The roles of IGFI, IGF-II, and IGFBPs in myogenesis. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 283–290

    Google Scholar 

  74. Flyvbjerg A, Oerskov H (1994) Insulin-like growth factors and the kidney. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 417–425

    Google Scholar 

  75. Fontoura M, Mugnier E, Brauner R, Rappaport R, Postel-Vinay M-C (1992) Effect of growth hormone on the low level of growth hormone binding protein in idiopathic short stature. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 37: 249–253

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Froesch ER (1986) Growth hormone-dependent and growth hormone-independent growth factors. In: Labhard A (ed) Clinical endocrinology, theory and practice. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 101–106

    Google Scholar 

  77. Fromm E (1980) Psychoanalyse and Ethik. In: Fromm E (Hrsg) Analytische Charaktertheorie - Gesamtausgabe Band II. Deutsche Verlagsanstalt, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  78. Gelato MC (1993) Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I and immune function. Trends Endocrinol Metab 4: 106–110

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Ghai K, Cara JF, Rosenfield RL (1995) Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (Nafarelin) test to differentiate gonadotropin deficiency from constitutionally delayed puberty in teen-age boys - a clinical research center study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80: 2980–2986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Giudice LC, Irwin JC, Dsupin BA et al. (1994) Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and IGFBP protease in human uterine endometrium: their potential relevance to endometrial cycle function and maternal-embryonic interactions. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins.. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 351–361

    Google Scholar 

  81. Glasscock GF, Gelber SE, Lamson G, McGee-Tekula R, Rosenfeld RG (1990) Pituitary control of growth in the neonatal rat: effects of neonatal hypophysectomy on somatic and organ growth, serum insulin-like growth factors (IGF) I and II levels, and expression of IGFbinding proteins. Endocrinology 127: 1792–1803

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Gluckman PD, Harding J (1992) The regulation of fetal growth. In: Hernandez M, Argente J (eds) Human growth: basic and clinical aspects. Elsevier Science, New York, pp 253–259

    Google Scholar 

  83. Gluckman PD, Williams CE, Guan J, Beilharz E, Johnston BM (1994) The role of IGF-I in the response to organ injury - studies in the central nervous system. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 427–434

    Google Scholar 

  84. Gourmelen M, Phan-Huu-Trung MT, Girard F (1979) Transient partial hGH deficiency in prepubertal children with delay of growth. Pediatr Res 13: 221–225

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Greulich WW, Pyle SI (1959) Radiographic atlas of skeletal development of the hand and wrist. Stanford University Press, Stanford

    Google Scholar 

  86. Grigorescu F, Baccara M-T, Rouard M, Renard E (1994) Insulin and IGF-I signaling in oocyte maturation. Horm Res 42: 55–61

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Grüters A, Heidemann P, Schlüter H, Stubbe P, Weber B, Helge H (1989) Effect of different oestrogen doses on final height reduction in girl with constitutional tall stature. Eur J Pediatr 149: 11–13

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Haig D, Graham C (1991) Genomic imprinting and the strange case of the IGF-II receptor. Cell 64: 1045–1046

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Hakeda Y, Kawaguchi H, Hurley M et al. (1996) Intact insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (ICFBP-5) associates with bone matrix and the soluble fragments of ICFBP-5 accumulated in culture medium of neonatal mouse calvariae by parathyroid hormone and prostaglandin E2-treatment. J Cell Physiol 166: 370–379

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Hall K, Hansson U, Lundin G et al. (1986) Serum levels of somatomedins and somatomedin binding protein in pregnant women with type I or gestational diabetes and their infants. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 63: 1300–1306

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Hall K, Lundin G, Povoa G (1988) Serum levels of the low molecular weight form of insulin-like growth factor binding protein in healthy subjects and patients with growth hormone deficiency, acromegaly, and anorexia nervosa. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 118: 321–326

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Han VKM, Matsell DG, Delhanty PJD, Hill DJ, Shimasaki S, Nygard K (1996) IGF-binding protein mRNAs in the human fetus: tissue and cellular distribution of developmental expression. Horm Res 45: 160–166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Hauffa BP (1994) Computergestützte Auswertung von Wachstumshormonseriendaten zur Beurteilung der Spontansekretion: eine kurze Methodenübersicht. In: Ranke MB, Stolecke H (Hrsg) Diagnostik des Wachstumshormon-Mangels - aktuelle methodische und klinische Aspekte. Dokument + Bild, Ankum-Kettenkamp, S 67–80

    Google Scholar 

  94. Hauffa BP (1994) Bewertung von seriellen Messungen der Wachstumshormonkonzentration im Serum unter physiologischen und pathologischen Bedingungen. In: Ranke MB, Stolecke H (Hrsg) Diagnostik des Wachstumshormon-Mangels - aktuelle methodische und klinische Aspekte. Dokument + Bild, Ankum-Kettenkamp, S 47–66

    Google Scholar 

  95. Hermanussen M (1988) Knemometry, a new tool for the investigation of growth. Eur J Pediatr 147: 350–355

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Hermanussen M, Burmeister J (1989) Standards for the predictive accuracy of short-term body height and lower leg lenght measurement on half annual growth rates. Arch Dis Child 64: 259–263

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Hermanussen M, Geiger-Benuit K, Burmeister J, Sippell WG (1988) Periodical changes of short-term growth velocity (”mini growth spurts“) in human growth. Ann Hum Biol 15: 103–108

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Hesse V, Jahreis G, Schambach H et al. (1994) Insulin-like growth factor I correlations to changes of the hormonal status in puberty and age. Exp Clin Endocrinol 102: 289–298

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Hindmarsh PC, Brook CGD (1995) Short stature and growth hormone deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 43: 133–142

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Hindmarsh PC, Swift PGF (1995) An assessment of growth hormone provocation tests. Arch Dis Child 72: 362–367

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Hindmarsh PC, Smith PJ, Brook CGD, Matthews DR (1987) The relationship between hight velocity and growth hormone secretion in short prepubertal children. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 27: 581–591

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Hindmarsh PC, Pringle PJ, Brook CGD (1988) Cholinergic muscarinic blockade produces short-term suppression of growth hormone secretion in children with tall stature. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 29: 289–296

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Hindmarsh PC, Pringle PJ, Di Silvio L, Brook CGD (1990) A preliminary report on the role of somatostatin analogue (SMS 201–995) in the management of children with tall stature. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 32: 83–91

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Hirschberg R (1996) Insulin-like growth factor I in the kidney. Miner Electrolyte Metab 22: 128–132

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Hochberg Z, Youdim MBH, Amit T (1994) A mathematical model for appraisal of the impact of GH binding protein on GH receptor binding. Growth Regul 4: 8–13

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Horton R, Pasupuletti V, Antonipillai I (1993) Androgen induction of steroid 5a-reductase may be mediated via insulin-like growth factor-I. Endocrinology 133: 447–451

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Humbel RE (1990) Insulin-like growth factors I and II. Eur J Biochem 190: 445–462

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Hynes MA, Van Wyk JJ, Brooks PJ et al. (1987) Growth hormone dependence of somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor II messenger ribonucleic acids. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1: 233–242

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Ignatius A, Lenko HL, Perheentupa J (1991) Oestrogen treatment of tall girls: effect decreases with age. Acta Paediatr Scand 80: 712–717

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Illig R, Prader A (1970) Effect of testosterone on growth hormone secretion in patients with anorchia and delayed puberty. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 30: 615–620

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Karlberg J (1989) On the construction of the infancy - childhood - puberty growth standard. Acta Paediatr Scand 356: 26–37

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Karlberg J (1989) A biologically oriented mathematical model (ICP) for human growth. Acta Paediatr Scand 350: 70–94

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Keenan BS, Richards GE, Ponder SW, Dallas JS, Nagamani M, Smith ER (1993) Androgen-stimulated pubertal growth: the effects of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone on growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I in the treatment of short stature and delayed puberty. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 76: 996–1001

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Kelley KW, Arkins S (1994) A role for IGF-I during myeloid cell growth and differentiation. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 315–327

    Google Scholar 

  115. Kelley KW, Arkins S, Minshall C, Liu Q, Dantzer R (1996) Growth hormone, growth factors and hematopoiesis. Horm Res 45: 38–45

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Kerrigan JR, Martha PM Jr, Veldhuis JD, Blizzard RM, Rogol AD (1993) Altered growth hormone secretory dynamics in prepubertal males with constitutional delay of growth. Pediatr Res 33: 278–283

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Kiess W, Yang Y, Kessler U, Hoeflich A (1994) Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) and the IGF-II/Mannose6-phosphate receptor: the myth continues. Horm Res 41 (Suppl): 67–73

    Google Scholar 

  118. Kimata H, Yoshida A (1994) Effect of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I on immunoglobulin production by and growth of human B cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78: 635–641

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Klapper DG, Svoboda ME, Van Wyk JJ (1983) Sequence analysis of somatomedin-C: confirmation of identity with insulin-like growth factor I. Endocrinology 112: 2215–2217

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. LaFranchi S, Hanna C, Mandel SH (1991) Constitutional delay of growth: expected versus final adult height. Pediatrics 87: 82–87

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Lanes R, Bohorquez L, Leal V et al. (1986) Growth hormone secretion in patients with constitutional delay of growth and pubertal development. J Pediatr 109: 781–783

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Largo RH, Prader A (1987) Somatische Pubertätsentwicklung bei Mädchen. Monatschr Kinderheilkd 135: 479–484

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Lauritzen C (1993) Spezielle Gesichtspunkte zur Substitution mit Sexualsteroiden bei Patientinnen mit UllrichTurner-Syndrom und anderen Formen des Hypogonadismus. In: Stolecke H (Hrsg) Sexualsteroide bei Ullrich-Turner-Syndrom und Panhypopituitarismus - Satellit-Workshop 14th International Symposium on Growth and Growth Disorders, Budapest. Dokument + Bild, Ankum-Kettenkamp, S 24–28

    Google Scholar 

  124. Lehmkuhl U (1994) Psychologische Grundlagen der pubertären Entwicklungsphase und Entwicklung sexueller Beziehungen Jugendlicher. In: Stolecke H, Palitzsch D (Hrsg) Forum für Jugendmedizin - normale und gestörte Pubertät. Dokument + Bild, Ankum-Kettenkamp, S 67–77

    Google Scholar 

  125. Lemcke B, Zentgraf J, Behre HM, Kliesch S, Bramswig JH, Nieschlag E (1996) Long-term effects on testicular function of high-dose testosterone treatment for excessively tall stature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81: 296–301

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Lewitt MS (1994) Role of the insulin-like growth factors in the endocrine control of glucose homeostasis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 23: 3–15

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Li YM, Arkins S, McCusker RH Jr et al. (1996) Macrophages synthesize and secrete a 25-kilodalton protein that binds insulin-like growth factor-l. J Immunol 156: 64–72

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. MacGillivray MH (1995) Disorders of growth and development. In: Felig P, Baxter JD, Frohman LA (eds) Endocrinology and metabolism McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 16–24

    Google Scholar 

  129. Malhotra A, Poon E, Tse W-Y, Pringle PJ, Hindmarsh PC, Brook CGD (1993) The effects of oxandrolone on the growth hormone and gonadal axes in boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 38: 393–398

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Malmlöf K, Cortova Z, Saxerholt H et al. (1994) IGF-I and GH: metabolic effects during experimentally induced catabolism. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 401–408

    Google Scholar 

  131. Martin LG, Grossmann MS, Connor B, Levitzky LL, Clar JW, Camitta FD (1979) Effect of androgen on growth hormone secretion and growth in boys with short stature. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 91: 201–205

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Mason HD, Cwyfan-Hughes SC, Heinrich G, Franks S, Holly JMP (1996) Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and II, IGF-binding proteins, and IGF-binding protein proteases are produced by theca and stroma of normal and polycystic human ovaries. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81: 276–284

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Mathews LS, Norstedt G, Palmiter RD (1986) Regulation of insulin-like growth factor I gene expression by growth hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 9343–9349

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Matsumoto T, Gargosky SE, Iwasaki K, Rosenfeld RG (1996) Identification and characterization of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and IGFBP proteases in human synovial fluid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81: 150–155

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. McGillivray MH, Kolotui M, Munschauer RW (1974) Enhanced linear growth responses in hypopituitary dwarfs treated with growth hormone plus androgen versus growth hormone alone. Pediatr Res 8: 103–109

    Google Scholar 

  136. Merchav S, Carter A, Silvian-Drachsler I, Naiderman L, Hirsh M, Skottner A (1994) In vitro interactions between IGFs and haemopoetic growth factors: effects on blasts from patients with acute myeloid leukemia. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 329–337

    Google Scholar 

  137. Mohan S, Strong DD, Linkhart TA, Baylink DJ (1994) Regulation and actions of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-4 and IGFBP-5 in bone: physiological and clinical implications. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 205–215

    Google Scholar 

  138. Monget P, Besnard N, Huet C, Pisselet C, Monniaux D (1996) Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins and ovarian folliculogenesis. Horm Res 45: 211–217

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Near SL, Whalen LR, Miller JA, Ishii DN (1992) Insulin-like growth factor II stimulates motor nerve regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 11716–11720

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Nissley SP, Lopaczynski W (1991) IGF receptors. Growth Factors 5: 29–43

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Normann EK, Trygstad 0, Larsen S, Dahl-Jorgensen H (1991) Height reduction in 539 tall girls treated with three different dosages of ethinyloestradiol. Arch Dis Child 66: 1275–1278

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Ogawa 0, Eccles MR, Szeto J et al. (1993) Relaxation of insulin-like growth factor II gene imprinting implicated in Wilms’ tumor. Nature 362: 749–751

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Oh Y, Müller HL, Neely EK, Lamson G, Rosenfeld RG (1993) New concepts on IGF receptor physiology. Growth Regul 3: 113–123

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Okajima T, Nakamura K, Zhang H et al. (1992) Sensitive colorimetric bioassays for insulin-like growth factor (IGF) stimulation of cell proliferation and glucose consumption: use in studies of IGF analogs. Endocrinology 130: 2201–2212

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Ortega y Gasset J (1953) Der Aufstand der Massen (Titel des spanischen Originals: La rebellion de la masas). Deutsche Verlagsanstalt, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  146. Pessin JE (1994) Transmembrane signaling properties of the insulin and IGF-I tyrosine kinase receptors. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 87–94

    Google Scholar 

  147. Plotnick LP, Lee PA, Migeon CJ, Avinoam A (1979) Comparison of physiological and pharmacological tests ofgrowth hormone function in children with short stature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 48: 811–816

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Povoa G, Hall K, Collins VP (1987) Studies on somatomedin binding protein. Int. Congr. on Advances in Growth Hormone and Growth Factors Research, Milan. Proc Int Congr, Milan

    Google Scholar 

  149. Powell DR, Lee PDK, Suwanichkul A (1994) Similarities in the regulation of hIGFBP-1 and PEPCK gene expression. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 141–150

    Google Scholar 

  150. Prader A (1985) Physiologisches, pathologisches und manipuliertes Körperwachstum. Festvortrag Jahrestg. Dtsch Ges Kinderheilkunde, Frankfurt

    Google Scholar 

  151. Prader A, Zachmann M (1978) Treatment of excessively tall girls and boys with sex hormones. Pediatrics 62: 1189–1195

    Google Scholar 

  152. Prader A, Zachmann M, Bucher H (1980) Constitutional delay of growth and puberty: auxological and endocrine characteristics. In: Cacciari E, Prader A (eds) Pathophysiology of puberty. Academic Press, London, pp 123–135

    Google Scholar 

  153. Prader A, Largo RH, Molinari L, Issler C (1989) Physical growth of Swiss children from birth to 20 years of age - first Zurich longitudinal study of growth and development. Helv Paediatr Acta 52 (Suppl): 1–125

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Pricci F, Pugliese G, Romano G et al. (1996) Insulin-like growth factors I and II stimulate extracellular matrix production in human glomerular mesangial cells. Comparison with transforming growth factor-ß. Endocrinology 137: 879–885

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Raiti S, Kaplan SL, Vliet G van, Moore WV (1987) Short-term treatment of short stature and subnormal growth rate with human growth hormone. J Pediatr 110: 357–361

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Ranke MB (1994) Therapie mit GH als a posteriori Ansatz zur Sicherung der Diagnose eines GH-Mangels? In: Ranke MB, Stolecke H (Hrsg) Diagnostik des Wachstumshormon-Mangels - aktuelle methodische und klinische Aspekte. Dokument + Bild, Ankum-Kettenkamp,S 249–262

    Google Scholar 

  157. Ranke MB, Lindberg A (1994) Growth hormone treatment of idiopathic short stature: analysis of the database from KIGS, the Kabi Pharmacia International Growth Study. Acta Paediatr Scand 406 (Suppl): 18–23

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Ranke MB, Guilbaud O, Lindberg A, Cole T (1993) Prediction of the growth response in children with various growth disorders treated with growth hormone: analysis of data from the Kabi Pharmacia International Growth Study. Acta Paediatr Scand 391: 82–88

    Google Scholar 

  159. Ratajczak MZ, Kuczynski WI, Onodera K et al. (1994) A reappraisal of the role of insulin-like growth factor I in the regulation of human hematopoiesis. J Clin Invest 94: 320–327

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Read LC, Howarth GS, Steeb C-B, Lemmey AB (1994) In vivo effects of IGF-I on gut growth and function. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 409–416

    Google Scholar 

  161. Rechler MM, Nissley SP (1990) Insulin-like growth factors. In: Sporn MB, Roberts AB (eds) Handbook of experimental pharmacology, vol 95/1: peptide growth factors and their receptors I. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 263–367

    Google Scholar 

  162. Reinken L, van Oost G (1992) Longitudinale Körperentwicklung gesunder Kinder von 0–18 Jahren. Körperlänge, -höhe, Körpergewicht and Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit. Klin Pädiatr 204: 129–133

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Rieu M, Le Bouc Y, Villares SM, Postel-Vinay M-C (1993) Familial short stature with very high levels of growth hormone binding protein. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 76: 857–860

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Roberts AB, Sporn MB (1990) Peptid growth factors and their receptors. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  165. Roberts CT Jr, Brown AL, Graham DE et al. (1986) Growth hormone regulates the abundance of insulin-like growth factor I RNA in adult rat liver. J Biol Chem 261: 1025–1031

    Google Scholar 

  166. Roche AF, Wainer H, Thissen D (1975) Predicting adult stature for individuals. Monogr Pediatr 3: 1–114

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Roede MJ (1985) The privilege of growing. Acta Med Auxol 17: 217–226

    Google Scholar 

  168. Roede MJ, van Wieringen JC (1985) Growth diagrams 1980: Netherlands third nation-wide survey. Tijschrift vor social Gezondheitszorge 63 (complete)

    Google Scholar 

  169. Rosenfeld RG, Northcraft GB, Hintz RL (1982) A prospective, randomized study of testosterone treatment of constitutional delay of growth and development in male adolescents. Pediatrics 69: 681–687

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Rosenfeld RG, Wilson DM, Lee PDK, Hintz RL (1986) Insulin-like growth factors I and II in evaluation of growth retardation. J Pediatr 107: 415–417

    Google Scholar 

  171. Rosenthal SM, Hsiao D, Cheng Z-Q, Silverman LA (1994) Insulin-like growth factors and muscle cell differentiation. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 275–282

    Google Scholar 

  172. Rotwein P (1991) Structure, evolution, expression and regulation of IGF-I and -II. Growth Factors 5: 3–18

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Rotwein P, Burgess SK, Milbrandt JD, Krause JE (1988) Differential expression of insulin-like growth factor genes in rat central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 265–269

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Rotwein P, Thomas MJ, Gronowski AM, Bichell DP, Kikuchi K (1994) The somatomedin hypothesis revisited: early events in growth hormone action. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 13–21

    Google Scholar 

  175. Ruan W, Catanese V, Wieczorek R, Feldman M, Kleinberg DL (1995) Estradiol enhances the stimulatory effect of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on mammary development and growth hormone-induced IGF-I messenger ribonucleic acid. Endocrinology 136: 1296–1302

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Ruland A, Heinrich U, Hartmann K, Schönberg D (1988) Serum IGF-I levels during childhood and adolescence. Acta Paediatr Scand 343: 238–239

    Google Scholar 

  177. Ryan J, Mantle T, McQuaid S, Costigan DC (1992) Salivary insulin-like growth factor-I originates from local synthesis. J Endocrinol 135: 85–90

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Sara VR, Hall K, Low H (1990) Growth factors: from genes to clinical application. Raven, New York

    Google Scholar 

  179. Schneid H, Le Bouc Y (1994) Insulin-like growth factor II and growth. Growth Gen Horm 10 (3): 1–4

    Google Scholar 

  180. Schoenle E, Thieintz G, Torresani T, Muritano M, Sizonenko P, Illig R (1987) Lack of bromocryptine-induced reduction of predicted height in tall adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 65: 355–358

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Schofield PN (1992) Introduction. In: Schofield PN (ed) The insulin-like growth factors - structure and biological functions. Oxford University Press, Oxford New York Tokyo, pp 1–4

    Google Scholar 

  182. Schönberg D (1994) Methodische Probleme bei der Messung von Wachstumshormon. In: Ranke MB, Stolecke H (Hrsg) Diagnostik des Wachstumshormon-Mangels - aktuelle methodische and klinische Aspekte. Dokument + Bild, Ankum-Kettenkamp, S 3–19

    Google Scholar 

  183. Schoor EJ, Van Weissenbruch MM, Knibbe P, Delemarre-van de Waal HA (1995) The effect of prolonged administration of an anabolic steroid (oxandrolone) on growth in boys with constitutionally delayed growth and puberty. Eur J Pediatr 154: 953–957

    Google Scholar 

  184. Schwander J, Hauri C, Zapf J, Froesch ER (1983) Synthesis and secretion of insulin-like growth factor and its binding protein by the perfused rat liver: dependence on growth hormone status. Endocrinology 113: 297–305

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Schwander J, Kutoh E, Mary J-LYR, Ritz L (1994) The gene regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2). In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 151–161

    Google Scholar 

  186. Schwartz ID, Hu CS, Shulman DI, Root AW, Bercu BB (1990) Linear growth response to endogenous growth hormone in children with short stature. Am J Dis Child 144: 1092–1097

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Schwarz HP, Joss E, Zuppinger K (1987) Bromocryptine treatment in adolescent boys with familial tall stature. A pair-matched controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 65: 136–140

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Shapiro ET, Bell GI, Polonsky KS, Rubenstein AH, Kew MC, Tager HS (1990) Tumor hypoglycemia: relationship to high molecular weight insulin-like growth factor II. J Clin Invest 85: 1672–1679

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Shimasaki S, Ling N (1991) Review: IGBFB-4, -5, and -6, cDNA cloning in rats and humans. Progr Growth Factor Res 3: 243–266

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Shimasaki S, Tanahashi H, Onoda N et al. (1994) Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of IGFBP4 and -5 in cultured rat granulosa cells. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 193–204

    Google Scholar 

  191. Simmen RCM, Ko Y, Simmen FA (1993) Insulin-like growth factors and blastocyst development. Theriogenology 39: 163–175

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. Skottner A, Fryklund L, Hansson A (1986) Experimental research on IGF-I. Acta Paediatr Scand 325: 107–111

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Smals AGH, Hermus ARM, Boers GHJ, Pieters GFF, Benraad TJ, Kloppenborg PWC (1994) Predictive value of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) bolus testing before and after 36-hour pulsatile LHRH administration in the differential diagnosis of constitutional delay of puberty and male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78: 602–608

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Sperlich M, Butenandt 0, Schwarz HP (1995) Final height and predicted height in boys with untreated constitutional growth delay. Eur J Pediatr 154: 627–632

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Spicer LJ, Alpizar E, Vernon RK (1994) Insulin-like growth factor-I receptors in ovarian granulosa cells:effect of follicle and hormones. Mol Cell Endocrinol 102: 69–76

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Spiliotis BE (1994) Neurosecretory dysfunction - a name or a disorder? In: Ranke MB, Stolecke H (Hrsg) Diagnostik des Wachstumshormon-Mangels - aktuelle methodische und klinische Aspekte. Dokument & Bild, Ankum-Kettenkamp, S 99–106

    Google Scholar 

  197. Spiliotis BE, August GP, Hung W, Sonis W, Mendelson W, Bercu BB (1984) Growth hormone neurosecretory dysfunction. A treatable cause of short stature. JAMA 251: 2223–2230

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Stahnke N (1993) Kriterien zur pubertätsinduzierenden Substitutionstherapie bei Mädchen. In: Stolecke H (Hrsg) Sexualsteroide bei Ullrich-Turner-Syndrom und Panhypopituitarismus - Satellit-Workshop 14th International Symposium on Growth and Growth Disorders, Budapest. Dokument + Bild, Ankum-Kettenkamp, S 14–23

    Google Scholar 

  199. Stahnke N, Jenke I (1994) Vergleich der GH-Bestimmungen mittels kommerzieller Methoden. In: Ranke MB, Stolecke H (Hrsg) Diagnostik des Wachstumshormon-Mangels - aktuelle methodische und klinische Aspekte. Dokument & Bild, Ankum-Kettenkamp, S 21–31

    Google Scholar 

  200. Stolecke H (1983) Hormonelle Hochwuchstherapie. In: Ewerbeck H, Stolecke H (Hrsg) Pädiatrie: Weiter- und Fortbildung; Endokrinologie. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 1–13

    Google Scholar 

  201. Stolecke H (1989) Hormone und Brustdrüsenentwicklung. In: Beller FK, Seitzer D (Hrsg) Ausgewählte Referate - 7. Wissenschaftliche Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Senologie. H.U.F., Mühlheim/Ruhr, S 23–28

    Google Scholar 

  202. Stolecke H, Gillessen G (1984) Oxandrolone and spontaneous hGH-secretion; Poster on the 23rd Ann Meet Eur Soc Pediatr Endocrinol (ESPE), Heidelberg, 2.-5.9.1984

    Google Scholar 

  203. Stolecke H, Andler W, Graebe B (1982) Zur Behandlung von hochwüchsigen Mädchen mit hohen Östrogendosen: Analyse der Parameter zur Wachstumsprognose, klinische Behandlungsergebnisse und Daten endokrinologischer Untersuchungen im Rahmen einer prospektiven Studie. In: Richter K, Terruhn V (Hrsg) I. Europäisches Symposium für Kinder- und Jugendgynäkologie. Milupa Wissenschaftliche Informationen, Bd 8, Friedrichsdorf

    Google Scholar 

  204. Tanner JM, Davies PW (1985) Clinical longitudinal standards for height and height velocity for North American children. J Pediatr 107: 317–329

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. Tanner JM, Gibbons RD (1994) A computerized image analysis system for estimating Tanner-Whitehouse 2 bone age. Horm Res 42: 282–287

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH, Marshall WA, Healy MJR, Goldstein H (1975) Assessment of skeletal maturity and prediction of adult height (TW2-method). Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  207. Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH, Hughes PCR, Carter BS (1976) Relative importance of growth hormone and sex steroids for the growth at puberty of trunk length, limb length, and muscle width in growth hormone deficient children. J Pediatr 89: 100–106

    Google Scholar 

  208. Tanner JM, Oshman D, Lindgren G, Grunbaum JA, Elsouki R, Labarthe D (1994) Reliability and validity of computer-assisted estimates of Tanner-Whitehouse skeletal maturity (CASAS): comparison with the manual method. Horm Res 42: 288–294

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. Tauber MT, Tauber JP, Vigoni F, Harris AG, Rochicchioli P (1990) Effect of the long-acting somatostatin analogue SMS201–995 on growth rate and reduction of predicted adult height in ten tall adolescents. Acta Paediatr Scand 79: 176–181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. Tse WY, Buyukgebiz A, Hindmarsh PC, Stanhope R, Preece MA, Brook CGD (1990) Long term outcome of oxandrolone treatment in boys with constitual delay of growth and puberty. J Pediatr 117: 588–591

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. Uruena M, Pantsiotou S, Preece MA, Stanhope R (1992) Is testosterone therapy for boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty associated with impaired final height and suppression of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. Eur J Pediatr 151: 15–18

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. Van Teunenbroek A, De Waal W, Roks A et al. (1996) Computer-aided skeletal age scores in healthy children, girls with Turner syndrome, and in children with constitutionally tall stature. Pediatr Res 39: 360–367

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  213. Van Vliet G, Styne PN, Kaplan SL, Grumbach MM (1983) Growth hormone treatment for short stature in children. N Engl J Med 309: 1016–1023

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  214. van Wieringen JC (1978) Some characteristics of postwar secular growth in the Netherlands. In: Gedda L, Parisi P (eds) Auxology: human growth in health and disorders. Academic Press, London, pp 153–156

    Google Scholar 

  215. Voutilainen R, Franks S, Mason HD, Martikainen H (1996) Expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF), IGF-binding protein, and IGF receptor messenger ribonucleic acids in normal and polycystic ovaries. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81: 1003–1008

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. Ward A, Elliss CJ (1992) The insulin-like growth factor genes. In: Schofield PN (ed) The insulin-like growth factors - structure and biological function. Oxford University Press, Oxford New York Tokyo, pp 45–79

    Google Scholar 

  217. Weissberger AJ, Ho KKY (1993) Activation of the somatotropic axis by testosterone in adult males: evidence for the role of aromatization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 76: 1407–1412

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. Werder EA, Waibel P, Sege D, Flury R (1990) Severe thrombosis during oestrogen treatment for tall stature. Eur J Pediatr 149: 389–390

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. Werther GA, Russo V, Cheesman H, Edmondson S (1994) IGF-I as a paracrine growth factor in developing rat brain. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factors and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 291–294

    Google Scholar 

  220. Wettenhall HNB, Cahill C, Roche AF (1975) Tall girls: a survey of 15 years of management and treatment. J Pediatr 86: 602–610

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. Wilkins L (1965) The diagnosis and treatment of endocrine disease in childhood and adolescence. Thomas, Springfield

    Google Scholar 

  222. Willig RP, Brod R, Stahnke N, Müller-Möhring G, Schirren C (1989) Hodenfunktionsstörungen nach Testosteron-Therapie beim männlichen Hochwuchs. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 137: 502–505

    Google Scholar 

  223. Willison K (1991) Opposite imprinting of the mouse IGF-II and the IGF-II receptor genes. Trends Gen 7: 107–109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. Wilson DM, McCauley E, Brown DR et al. (1995) Oxandrolone therapy in constitutionally delayed growth and puberty. Pediatrics 96: 1095–1100

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. Wollmann HA (1997) Oxandolon und Pubertät. In: Ranke MB, Stolecke H (Hrsg.): Pubertätsentwicklung. Dokument + Bild, Ankum-Kettenkamp, p. 197–217

    Google Scholar 

  226. Wolthers OD, Konstantin-Hansen K, Pedersen S, Petersen KE (1992) Knemometry in the assessment of short-term linear growth in a population of healthy school children. Horm Res 37: 156–159

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. Yamashita S, Melmed S (1986) Insulin-like growth factor I action on rat anterior pituitary cells: suppression of growth hormone secretion and messenger ribonucleic acid levels. Endocrinology 118: 176–182

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  228. Yoshimura Y, Iwashita M, Karube M et al. (1994) Growth hormone stimulates follicular development by stimulating ovarian production of insulin-like growth factor-I. Endocrinology 135: 887–894

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. Yoshimura Y, Nagamatsu S, Ando M et al. (1996) Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 inhibits gonadotropin-induced ovulation, oocyte maturation, and steroidogenesis in rabbit ovary. Endocrinology 137: 438–446

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. Zabransky S, Schnabel C, Hänold S (1994) Welche diagnostische Bedeutung kommt der Bestimmung der Konzentration des Wachstumshormons im Morgenurin zur Erkennung von Zuständen mit Wachstumshormon-Mangel zu? In: Ranke MB, Stolecke H (Hrsg) Diagnostik des Wachstumshormon-Mangels - aktuelle methodische und klinische Aspekte. Dokument & Bild, AnkumKettenkamp, S 181–194

    Google Scholar 

  231. Zachmann M, Prader A (1970) Anabolic and androgenic effect of testosterone in sexually immature boys and its dependency on growth hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 30: 85–90

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  232. Zachmann M, Ferrandez A, Mürset G, Gnehm HE, Prader A (1976) Testosterone treatment of excessively tall boys. J Pediatr 88: 116–120

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. Zachmann M, Sobradillo B, Frank M et al. (1978) Bayley-Pinneau, Roche-Wainer-Thissen, and Tanner height prediction in normal children and in patients with various pathologic conditions. J Pediatr 93: 749–756

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. Zapf J, Hunziker EB (1994) The somatomedin hypothesis revisited: differential effects of growth hormone and IGF-I on skeletal growth of the rat in vivo. In: Baxter RC, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds) The insulin-like growth factor and their regulatory proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 381–391

    Google Scholar 

  235. Zhou J, Dsupin BA, Giudice LC, Bondy CA (1994) Insulin-like growth factor system gene expression in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79: 1723–1734

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stolecke, H. (1997). Physiologie des Längenwachstums. In: Stolecke, H. (eds) Endokrinologie des Kindes- und Jugendalters. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59043-6_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59043-6_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-61855-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-59043-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics