Abstract
In the reemerging debate an geopolitics and economic competition some scholar hold that “geography matters”. Territory is said to increasingly constitute a defining cleavage of social and international conflict. This papers questions the territorialization of economic competition with reference to the nation-state. The concepts of territory and competitiveness are vaguely defined and often serve a political rather than a serious academic purpose. Neither geographical boundaries nor social cohesion define territory as an entity that can help to explain social action. The paper then suggests to define territories to consist of functional layers that form overlapping communities with loyalties that may vary according to situation. If conceptualized this way, a number of useful hypothesis may derive.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allen, Christopher S., 1989: “Corporatism and Regional Economic Policies in the Federal republic of Germany: The ‘Meso’ Politics of Industrial Adjustment,” in: Publius. The Journal of Federalism, Vol. 19, No. 4 (Fall 1989), pp. 147–164.
Allen, Christopher S., 1993: “From Social Market to Mesocorporatism to European Integration: The Politics of German Economic Policy,” in: Huelshoff, Michael G./ Markovits, Andrei S./ Reich, Simon, eds., 1993: From Bundesrepublik to Deutschland. German Politics after Unification, An Arbor, MI: Michigan University Press 1993, pp. 61–76.
Allen, Christopher S./ Riemer, Jeremiah M., 1989: “The Industrial Policy Controversy in West Germany: Organized Adjustment and the Emergence of Meso-Corporatism,” in: Foglesong, Richard E.I Wolfe, Joel D. eds., 1989: The Politics of Economic Adjustment. Pluralism, Corporatism, and Privatization, New York, NY/ Westport, CT/ London, UK: Greenwood Press, pp. 45–64.
American Institute for Contemporary German Studies, ed., 1995: Competitiveness. Defining the Terms, Shaping the Policies: A German-American Dialogue, Washington, DC: American Institute for Contemporary German Studies.
Aspen Institute, ed., 1993: Harness the Rising Sun. An American Strategy for Managing Japan’s Rise as a Global Power, Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
Bailey, David/ Harte, George/ Sugden, Roger, 1994: Transnational and Governments. Recent Policies in Japan, France, Germany, the United States, and Britain, London, UK/ New York, NY: Routledge.
Brock, Lothar/ Albeit, Mathias, 1995: “Entgrenzung der Staatenwelt. Zur Analyse weltgesellschaftlicher Entwicklungstendenzen,” in: Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, 2. Jg. Nr. 2 (Dezember 1995), pp. 259–285.
Brzinski, Joanne B./ Lancaster, Thomas D./ Tuschhoff, Christian, 1995: Federalism and Compounded Representation in Western Europe, mimeo.
Cohen, Stephen S., 1994: “Speaking Freely,” in: Foreign Affairs, Vol. 73, No. 4, (July/ August 1994), pp. 194–197.
Commission of the European Communities, 1993: White Paper on Growth, Competitiveness, and Employment — The challenges and ways forward into the 21st century, Brussels: The European Union.
Competitiveness Policy Council, 1994; Promoting Long-Term Prosperity, Washington, DC: Competitive Policy Council.
Competitiveness Policy Council, 1995: Saving More and Investing Better. A Strategy for Securing Prosperity, Washington, DC: Competitive Policy Council.
Czada, Roland, 1994: “Konjunkturen des Korporatismus: Zur Geschichte eines Paradigmenwechsels in der Verbändeforschung,” in: Streeck, Wolfgang, ed. 1994: Staat und Verbände, Politische Vierteljahresschrift Sonderheft 25, Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, pp. 37–64.
Dikshit, Ramesh D, 1975: The Political Geography of Federalism. An Inquiry into Origins and Stability, London, UK/ Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan.
Duchacek, Ivo D., 1987: Comparative Federalism. The Territorial Dimension of Politics, Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
Eisenstadt, S.N./ Rokkan. Stein, 1973a: Building States and Nations. Models and Data Resources, Vol.. I, Beverly Hills, CA/London, UK: Sage Publications.
Eisenstadt, S.N./ Rokkan. Stein, 1973b: Building States and Nations. Analysis by Region, Vol. II, Beverly Hills, CA/ London, UK: Sage Publications.
Foglesong, Richard E./ Wolfe, Joel D. eds., 1989: The Politics of Economic Adjustment. Pluralism, Corporatism, and Privatization, New York, NY/ Westport, CT/London, UK: Greenwood Press.
Freeman, Christopher/ Lundvall, Bengt-Ake, eds. 1988: Small Countries Facining the Technological Revolution, London, UK/ New York, NY: Pinter.
Frieden, Jeffrey A., 1991: “Invested Interests: The Politics of National Economic Policies in a World of Global Finance,” in: International Organization, Vol. 45, No. 4 (Autumn).
Fry, Earl H./ Raymond, Gregory O., eds., 1983: The Other Western Europe. A Political Analysis of Smaller Democracies, 2nd ed. Santa Barbara, CA/Oxford, UK: ABC-Clio Information Service.
Fukuyama, Francis, 1995: Trust. The Social Virtues & the Creation of Prosperity, New York, NY et. al: Free Press.
Gaddis, John L., 1992: “The Cold War, the Long Peace, and the Future,” in: Hogan, Michael J., ed. 1992: The End of the Cold War. Its Meaning and Implications, London, UK/ New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21–38.
Garten, Jeffrey E., 1992: A Cold Peace. America, Japan, Germany, and the Struggle for Supremacy, New York, NY/ Toronto, Canada: Times Books.
Gerdes, Dirk, 1985a: “Gebiet”, in: Nohlen, Dieter/ Schultze, Rainer-Olaf, eds., 1985: Politikwissenschaft. Theorien-Methoden-Begriffe, Pipers Wörterbuch zur Politik, Bd. 1, München/ Zürich: Piper Verlag, pp. 266–267.
Gerdes, Dirk, 1985b: “Territorialität”, in: Nohlen, Dieter/ Schultze, Rainer-Olaf, eds., 1985: Politikwissenschaft. Theorien-Methoden-Begriffe, Pipers Wörterbuch zur Politik, Bd. 1, München/ ZürichÖ Piper Verlag, p. 1028.
Gilpin, Robert, 1981: War and Change in World Politics, Cambridge, UK/ New York, NY/ New Rochelle/ Melbourne, Sydney: Cambridge University Press.
Haftendorn, Helga/ Tuschhoff, Christian, eds., 1993: America and Europe in an Era of Change, Boulder, CO/ San Francisco, CA/ Oxford, UK: Westview Press.
Hart. Jeffrey A. 1992: Rival Capitalists. International Competitiveness in the United States, Japan, and Western Europe, Ithaca, NY/ London, UK: Cornell University Press.
Heinze, Rolf G./ Schmid, Josef, 1994: “Mesokroporatistische Strategien im Vergleich: Industrieller Strukturwandel und die Kontingenz politischer Steuerung in drei Bundesländern,” in: Streeck, Wolfgang, ed. 1994: Staat und Verbände, Politische Vierteljahresschrift Sonderheft 25, Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, pp. 65–99.
Henning, C. Randall, 1994: Currencies and Politics in the United States, Germany, and Japan, Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics.
Herz, John 1968: “The Territorial State Revisited. Reflections on the Future of the Nation-State,” Polity, Vol. 1, (Fall) pp. 11–34.
Herz, John, 1957: “Rise and Demise of the Territorial State,” in: World Politics, Vol. IX, (July), pp. 473–493.
Hilpert, Ulrich, ed. 1991: Regional Innovation and Decentralization, London, UK/ New York, NY: Rouledge.
Hogan, Michael J., ed. 1992: The End of the Cold War. Its Meaning and Implications, London, UK/ New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Hollingsworth, J. Rogers/ Schmitter, Philippe C./ Streeck, Wolfgang, ed., 1994: Governing Capitalist Economies. Performance & Control of Economic Sectors, New York, NY/ Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Hollingsworth, Rogers 1993: Perspectives on Social Systems of Production: The Cases of Japan, Germany, and the United States. Paper prepared for the conference on Germany sponsored by the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies and the German Historical Institute, Washington, D.C., May 17-18, 1993.
Huelshoff, Michael G./ Markovits, Andrei S./ Reich, Simon, eds., 1993: From Bundesrepublik to Deutschland. German Politics after Unification, An Arbor, MI: Michigan University Press 1993.
Huntington, Samuel P., 1988/89: “The U.S. — Decline or Renewal?” in: Foreign Affairs, Vol. 67, No. 2 (Winter 1988/89), pp. 76–96.
Huntington, Samuel P., 1988/89: “The U.S.-Decline or Renewal,” in: Foreign Affairs, Vol. 67, No. 2 (Winter 1988/89).
Huntington, Samuel P., 1993: “The Clash of Civilizations?”, in: Foreign Affairs, Vol. 72, No. 3, (Summer 1993), pp. 22–49.
Katzenstein, Peter J., 1976a: Disjoined Partners. Austria and Germany since 1815, Berkeley/ CA/ Los Angeles, CA/ London, UK: University of California Press.
Katzenstein, Peter J., 1976b: “International Relations and Domestic Structures: Foreign Economic Policies of Advanced Industrial States,” in: International Organization, Vol. 30, No. 4 (Autumn 1976), pp. 1–45.
Katzenstein, Peter, J., ed., 1978: Between Power and Plenty. Foreign Economic Policies of Advanced Industrial States. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
Katzenstein, Peter J., ed. 1984: Corporatism and Change. Austria, Switzerland, and the Politics of Industry, Ithaca, NY/ London, UK: Cornell University Press.
Katzenstein, Peter J., 1985,: Small States in World Markets. Industrial Policy in Europe, Ithaca, NY/ London, UK: Cornell University Press.
Katzenstein, Peter J. 1987: Policy and Politics in West Germany. The Growth of a Semisovereign State, Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Katzenstein, Peter J., ed. 1989: Industry and Politics in West Germany. Toward the Third Republic, Ithaca, NY/ London, UK: Cornell University Press.
Kennedy, Paul M., 1987a: The Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, London, UK/ Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Ashfield Press.
Kennedy, Paul, 1987b: The Rise and Fall of Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000, New York: Random House.
Kennedy, Paul, 1993: Preparing for the Twenty-First Century, New York: Random House.
Keohane, Robert O./ Nye, Joseph S. Jr., 1989: Power and Interdependence, 2nd ed., Glenview, IL/ Boston, MA/ London, UK: Scott, Foresman and Co.
Kitschelt, Herbert, 1991: “Industrial governance structures, innovation strategies, and the case of Japan: sectoral or cross-national comparative analysis?”. in: International Organization, Vol. 45, No. 4 (Autumn), pp. 453–493.
Krasner, Stephen D, 1993: “Power, Polarity, and the Challenge of Disintegration,” in; Haftendorn, Helga/ Tuschhoff, Christian, eds., 1993: America and Europe in an Era of Change, Boulder, CO/ San Francisco, CA/ Oxford, UK: Westview Press, pp. 21–42.
Krasner, Stephen D., 1995/96: “Compromising Westphalia,” in. International Security, Vol. 20, No. 3, (Winter 1995/96), pp. 115–151.
Krugman, Paul 1994a: Peddling Prosperity. Economic Sense and Nonsense in the Age of Diminished Expectations, New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
Krugman, Paul, 1994b: “Competitiveness: A Dangerous Obsession,” in: Foreign Affairs, Vol. 73, No. 2, (March/April 1994), 28–44.
Krugman, Paul, 1994c: “Proving My Point,” in: Foreign Affairs, Vol. 73, No. 4, (July/August 1994), pp. 198–203.
Krugman, Paul, 1995.: Development, Geography, and Economic Theory, Cambridge, MA/London, UK: MIT Press.
Lauk, Kurt J., 1995: “Deutschland am Scheideweg. Die deutsche Wirtschaft im internationalen Wettbewerb,” in: Internationale Politik, 50. Jg. Nr. 12. (Dezember 1995, pp. 47–52.
Lepgold, Joseph, 1990: The Declining Hegemon. The United States and European Defense, 1960-1990, New York, NY/ Westport, CT/ London, UK: Praeger.
Luttwak, Edward N., 1993: The Endangered American Dream: How to Stop the United States from becoming a Third World Country and How to Win the GeoEconomic Struggle for Industrial Supremacy, New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
Mann, Michael, 1986: The Sources of Social Power. Volume LA History of Power from the Beginning to A.D. 1760, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Mann, Michael, 1993: The Sources of Social Power. Volume II The Rise of Classes and Nation-States, 1760-1914, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Markovits, Andrei S. 1996: “Austrian-German relations in the New Europe: Predicaments of Political and National Identity Formation,” in: German Studies Review, Vol. XIX, No. 1 (February), pp. 91–93.
McIntyre, Arnold M., 1995: Trade and Economic Development in Small Open Economies. The Case of the Caribbean Countries, Westport, CT/ London, UK: Praeger.
Modelski, George, 1987: Long Cycles in World Politics, Seattle, WA.
Nau, Henry, 1990: The Myth of America’s Decline: Leading the World Economy into the 1990s, New York/ Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Neyer, Jürgen, 1995: “Globaler Markt und territorialer Staat. Konturen eines wachsenden Antagonismus,” in: Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, 2. Jg. Nr. 2 (Dezember 1995), pp. 287–315.
Nohlen, Dieter/ Schultze, Rainer-Olaf, eds., 1985: Politikwissenschaft. Theorien-Methoden-Begriffe, Pipers Wörterbuch zur Politik, Bd. 1, München/ Zürich: Piper Verlag.
Nye, Joseph S. Jr. 1990: Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power, New York: Basic Books.
Olson, Mancur, 1982: The Rise and Decline of Nations. Economic Growth, Stagflation and Social Rigidities, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Oye, Kenneth A., 1992: “Beyond Postwar Order and New World Order: American Foreign Policy in Transition,” in: Oye, Kenneth A./ Lieber, Robert J./ Rothchild, Donald, eds., 1992: Eagle in New World. American Grand Strategy in the Post-Cold War Era, New York, NY: HaperCollins, pp. 3–33.
Oye, Kenneth A./ Lieber, Robert J./ Rothcild, Donald, eds., 1992: Eagle in New World. American Grand Strategy in the Post-Cold War Era, New York, NY: HaperCollins.
Porter, Michael E., 1990: The Competitive Advantage of Nations, New York, NY: The Free Press.
Prestowitz, Clyde V. Jr. 1994: “The Fight over Competitiveness. A Zero-Sum Debate?”, in: Foreign Affairs, Vol. 73, No. 4, (July/ August 1994), pp. 186–189.
Prestowitz, Clyde V. Jr., 1992: “Beyond Laissez Faire,” in: Foreign Policy, No. 87, (Summer), pp. 67–87.
Putnam, Robert D. 1995: “Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital,” in: Journal of Democracy, Vol. 6, No. 1, (January), pp. 65–78.
Putnam, Robert D., 1993 (with Robert Leonardi and Rafaella Y. Nanetti): Making Democracy Work. Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Ramesh Dutta Dikshit, 1976: The Political Geography of Federalism. An Inquiry into Origins and Stability, London, UK/ Basingstock, UK: Macmillan Press.
Rieckhoff, Harald von/ Neuhold, Hanspeter, eds., 1993: Unequal Partners. A Comparative Analysis of Relations between Austria and the Federal Republic of Germany and Between Canada and the United States, Boulder, CO/ San Francisco, CA/ Oxford: Westview Press 1993.
Rizopoulos, Nicholas X., ed., 1990: Sea-Changes: American Foreign Policy in a World Transformed, New York, NY/ London, UK: Council on Foreign Relations Press.
Rode, Reinhard, 1993: High Tech Wettstreit 2000. Strategische Handels-und Industriepolitik: Europa vesucht’s, die USA fangen an, Japan macht’s vor. Frankfurt a.M., New York: Campus Verlag.
Ruggie, John G., 1993: “Territoriality and Beyond. Problematizing Modernity in International Relations,” in: International Organization, Vol. 47, No. 1 (Winter 1993), pp.
Schmitter, Phillippe C, 1995: “Democracy’s Future. More Liberal, Preliberal, or Postliberal?”, in: Journal of Democracy, Vol. 6, No. 1 (January), pp. 15–22.
Schulze, Hagen, 1994: Staat und Nation in der Europäischen Geschichte, München: C.H. Beck Verlag.
Skocpol, Theda, 1979: States and Social Revolutions. A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Skocpol, Theda, 1994: Social Revolutions in the Modern World, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Skocpol. Theda, 1979: States & Social Revolutions. A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, & China, Cambridge, UK et. al.: Cambridge University Press.
Stopford, John/ Strange, Susan (with John S. Henley), 1991: Rival States, Rival Firms. Competition for World Market Shares, Cambridge, UK et. al: Cambridge University Press.
Strange, Susan 1988: States and Markets. An Introduction to International Political Economy, London, UK: Pinter.
Strange, Susan, 1990: “The Name of the Game,” in: Rizopoulos, Nicholas X. ed.: Sea-Changes: American Foreign Policy in a World Transformed, New York, NY/ London, UK: Council on Foreign Relations Press, pp. 238–273.
Strange, Susan, 1992: “States, Firms, and Diplomacy,” in: International Affairs, Vol. 68, No. 1 (January), pp. 1–15.
Streeck, Wolfgang, ed. 1994: Staat und Verbände, Politische Vierteljahresschrift Sonderheft 25, Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.
Sullivan, Michael P., 1990: Power in Contemporary International Politics, Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.
Thurow, Lester C, 1994,: “Microchips, Not potato Chips,” in: Foreign Affairs, Vol. 73, No. 4, (July/ August 1994), pp. 189–192.
Thurow, Lester, 1993: Head to Head. The Coming Economic Battle Among Japan, Europe, and America, New York, NY: Warner Books.
Tilly Charles, 1993: European Revolutions, 1492-1992, Oxford, UK/ Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
Tilly, Charles, 1978: From Mobilization to Revolution, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publ.
Weiß, Johannes: “Nation-Building”, in: Nohlen, Dieter/ Schultze, Rainer-Olaf, eds., 1985: Politikwissenschaft. Theorien-Methoden-Begriffe, Pipers Wörterbuch zur Politik, Bd. 1, München/ ZürichÖ Piper Verlag, p. 589
Wilks, Stephen/ Wright, Maurice, ed., 1987: Comparative Government — Industry Relations, Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
Zimmermann, Karsten, 1993: Between the Military and the Market. Cooperative R&D in the U.S. Microelectronics Industry for Technological Innovation and National Security: A New Direction in technology Security Strategy? Inaugural Dissertation, Free University of Berlin.
Zysman, John, 1983: Governments, Markets, and Growth, Ithaca, NY/ London, UK: Cornell University Press.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tuschhoff, C. (1998). Do Territories Compete?. In: Immerfall, S. (eds) Territoriality in the Globalizing Society. European and Transatlantic Studies. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58869-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58869-3_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63769-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-58869-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive