Zusammenfassung
Verletzungen der Wirbelsäule beschäftigen die Menschheit schon seit Jahrtausenden und lösen wie kaum andere Verletzungen Angst und Schrecken aus. Mit Bezeichnungen wie „gebrochenes Genick“ oder „gebrochenes Rückgrat“ werden bis heute vielfach zu Recht sehr schwere, unheilbare Lähmungen oder sogar tödliche Verletzungen in Verbindung gebracht. Auch im übertragenen Sinne beschreiben die Begriffe einschneidende Ereignisse.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Bailey RW, Badgley CE (1960) Stabilization of the cervical spine by anterior fusion. J Bone Joint Surg. [Am] 42: 565–594
Bedbrook GM (1979) Spinal injuries with tetraplegia and paraplegia. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 61: 267–284
Bell GD, Bailey SI (1977) Anterior cervical fusion for trauma. Clin Orthop 128: 155–158
Bennett G (1964) History. In: Howorth MB, Petrie JG (eds) Injuries of the spine. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 1–59
Bohlman HH, Eismont FJ (1981) Surgical techniques of anterior decompression and fusion for spinal cord injuries. Clin Orthop 154: 57–67
Böhler J (1967) Sofort-und Frühbehandlung traumatischer Querschnittslähmungen. Z Orthop 103: 512–528
Böhler J (1971) Operative Behandlung von Halswirbelsäulenverletzungen. Hefte Unfallheilkd 108: 132–136
Böhler J, Poigenfürst J, Gaudernak T, Hintringer W (1990) Die Schraubenosteosynthese des Dens axis. Operat Orthop Traumatol 2: 75–83
Böhler L (1932) Behandlung der Wirbelbrüche. Langenbecks Arch Chir 173: 843–847
Böhler L (1951) Die Technik der Knochenbruchbehandlung.
Maudrich, Wienu, Breasted JH (1930) The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus. Chicago, pp 316–342, 425–428
Capen DA, Garland DE, Waters RL (1985) Surgical stabilization of the cervical spine. A comparative analysis of anterior and posterior spine fusions. Clin Orthop 196: 229–237
Caspar W, Barbier DD, Klara PM (1989) Anterior cervical fusion and Caspar plate stabilization for cervical trauma. Neurosurgery 25: 491–502
Cloward RB (1958) The anterior approach for removal of ruptured discs. J Neurosurg 15: 602–617
Cloward RB (1961) Treatment of acute fractures and fracture-dislocations of the cervical spine by vertebral-body fusion. J Neurosurg 18: 201–209
Dick W (1987) Innere Fixation von Brust-und Lendenwirbelfrakturen. Huber, Bern
Frankel HL, Hancock DO, Hyslop G et al. (1969) The value of postural reduction in the initial management of closed injuries of the spine with paraplegia and tetraplegia. Paraplegia 7: 179–192
Guttmann L (1978) Total responsibility of the surgeon in the management of traumatic spinal paraplegics and tetraplegics. Paraplegia 15: 285–292
Haas N, Blauth M, Tscherne H (1991) Anterior plating in thoracolumbar spine injuries. Indication, technique, and results. Spine 16: S100–S111
Hadra BE (1975) The classic: wiring of the vertebrae as a means of immobilization in fractures and Potts’ disease. Clin Orthop 112: 4–8
Harrington PR (1962) Treatment of scoliosis. Correction and internal fixation by spine instrumentation. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 44: 591–610
Hilden FV (1669) Observations Chirurgiques. Genève, pp 329–334
Holdsworth FW, Hardy A (1953) Early treatment of paraplegia from fractures of the thoraco-lumbar spine. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 35: 540–550
Jeanneret B, Magerl FP (1994) Die Hakenplattenspondylodese an der Halswirbelsäule. Operat Orthop Traumatol 6: 71–83
Kaneda K, Abumi K, Fujiya M (1984) Burst fractures with neurologic deficits of the thoracolumbar-lumbar spine. Results of anterior decompression and stabilization with anterior instrumentation. Spine 9: 788–795
Kluger P, Gerner HJ (1986) Das mechanische Prinzip des Fixateur externe zur dorsalen Stabilisierung der Brust-und Lendenwirbelsäule. Unfallchirurgie 12: 68–79
Kostuik JP (1983) Anterior spinal cord decompression for lesions of the thoracic and lumbar spine, techniques, new methods of internal fixation results. Spine 8: 512–531
König F (1905) Lehrbuch der Speciellen Chirurgie für Aerzte und Studirende. Hirschwald, Berlin, S24–25
Lesoin F, Bouasakao N, Jomin M et al. (1984) Place de l’abord anterieur dans les lesions traumatiques du rachis cervical inferieur. A propos de 160 observations. Ann Chir 38: 261–267
Magerl F (1982) External skeletal fixation of the lower thoracic and the lumbar spine. In: Uhthoff HK (ed) Current concepts of external fixation of fractures. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 353–366
Magerl F, Seemann PS (1986) Stable posterior fusion of the atlas and axis by transarticular screw fixation. In: Kehr P, Weidner A (eds) Cervical Spine I. Springer, Wien New York, pp 322–327
Magnus G (1930) Die Behandlung und Begutachtung des Wirbelbruches. Arch Orthop Unfallchir 29: 277
Malgaigne F (1847) Traité des Fractures et des Luxations. Paris
Mestdagh H (1987) Resultate der ventralen Spondylodese der Halswirbelsäule (C2–C7). Orthopäde 16: 70–80
Nazarian SM, Louis R (1991) Posterior internal fixation with screw plates in traumatic lesions of the cervical spine. Spine 16: S 64–71
Nicoll EA (1949) Fractures of the dorso-lumbar spine. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 31: 376–394
Norrell H, Wilson CB (1970) Early Anterior Fusion for Injuries of the Cervical Portion of the Spine. J Am Med Assoc 214: 525–530
Oribasius (1862) Oeuvres d’Oribase. Daremberg edition. Paris, pp 242–243
Orozco R, Llovet Tapies J (1970) Osteosintesis en les fractures de raquis cervical. Revista Ortop Traumatol 14: 285–288
Perret G, Greene J (1968) Anterior interbody fusion in the treatment of cervical fracture dislocation. Arch Surg 96: 530–539
Petit JL (1705) Traité des Maladies des Os. Paris, pp 46–63
Raynor RB (1968) Severe injuries of the cervical spine treated by early anterior interbody fusion and ambulation. J Neurosurg 28: 311–316
Roy-Camille R, Berteaux D (1976) Technique et résultats des ostéosynthèse du rachis lombaire par plaques postérieures vissés dans les pédicules vertébreaux. Montpellier Chir 22:307
Roy-Camille R, Saillant G, Laville C, Benazet JP (1992) Treatment of lower cervical spinal injuries-C3 to C7. Spine 17: S 442-S 446
Senegas J (1972) Fractures et luxations récents du rachis cervical sans troubles neurologiques. Rev Chir Orthop 58 (Suppl I): 353–361
Senegas J, Gauzere JM (1976) Plaidoyer pour la chirurgie antérieure dans le traitement des traumatismes graves des cinq dernières vertèbres cervicales. Rev Chir Orthop 62 (Supp12): 123–128
Smith GW, Robinson RA (1958) The treatment of certain cervical spine disorders by anterior removal of the intervertebral disc. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 4o: 607–624
Stauffer ES, Kelly EG (1977) Fracture-dislocations of the cervical spine. Instability and recurrent deformity following treatment by anterior interbody fusion. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 59: 45–48
Stoll TM, Morscher EW (1995) Die zervikale interkorporelle Spondylodese mit der Titan-Verriegelungsplatte. Operat Orthop Traumatol 7: 75–87
Thalgott JS (1996) Indication and techniques for the AO titanium anterior thoracolumbar locking plate. In: Aebi M, Thalgott JS (eds) Manual of internal fixation of the spine. Lippincott Raven, Philadelphia, pp 65–76
Tscherne H, Hiebler G, Muhr G (1971) Zur operativen Behandlung von Frakturen und Luxationen der Halswirbelsäule. Hefte Unfallheilkd 108: 142–144
Tscherne H, Illgner A (1991) Ventrale Spondylodese der Halswirbelsäule. Operat Orthop Traumatol 3: 147–157
Van Peteghem PK, Schweigel JF (1979) The fractured cervical spine rendered unstable by anterior cervical fusion. J Trauma 19: 110–114
Verbiest H (1968) A lateral approach to the cervical spine: technique and indications. J Neurosurg 28: 191–203
Wagner W, Stolper P (1898) Die Verletzungen der Wirbelsäule und des Rückenmarks. Enke, Stuttgart
Watson-Jones R (1940) Fractures and other bone and joint injuries. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore
Willard W (1871) Cline’s operation. Chicago M Exam 12: 585
Williams EWM (1963) In: Matthews DN (ed) Recent advances in the surgery of trauma. Churchill, London, pp 171–186
Literatur
Blauth M (1992) Verletzungen der thorakolumbalen Wirbelsäule und ihre operative Behandlung. Eine biomechanische und klinische Studie. Habilitationsschrift
Denis F (1983) The three column spine and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Spine 8: 817–831
Holdsworth FW (1963) Fractures, dislocations and fracture-dislocations of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 45: 6–20
Junghanns H (1955) Wirbelsäule. In: Bürlde de la Camp H, Rostock P (Hrsg) Handbuch der gesamten Unfallchirurgie. Bd II. Enke, Stuttgart, S 520–564
Krag MH (1975) Three dimensional flexibility measurements of preloaded human vertebral motion segments (thesis). Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
Louis R (1977) Les théories de l’instabilité. Rev Chir Orthop 63: 423–425
Magerl F, Aebi M, Gertzbein SD, Harms J, Nazarian S (1994) A comprehensive classification of thoracic and lumbar injuries. Eur Spine J 3: 184–201
Magerl F, Engelhardt P (1994) Brust-und Lendenwirbelsäule - Verlaufsformen. In: Witt AN, Rettig H, Schlegel KF (Edd) Orthopädie in Praxis und Klinik, Spezielle Orthopädie (Wirbelsäule - Thorax - Becken). Thieme, Stuttgart New York, S 3.82–3.132
Nicoll EA (1949) Fractures of the dorso-lumbar spine. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 31: 376–394
Panjabi MM, Goel VK, Takata K (1982) Physiologic strains in the lumbar spinal ligaments. An in vitro biomechanical study. 1981 Volvo award in biomechanics. Spine 7: 192–203
Plaue R (1972) Das Frakturverhalten von Brust-und Lendenwirbelkörpern. 2. Mitteilung: Kompressionsversuche an frischen Leichenwirbeln. Z Orthop 110: 357–362
Steffen R, Nolte LP, Jergas M, Krämer J (1993) Einfluß von Weichteilverletzungen auf die Biomechanik sagittal symmetrischer thorakolumbaler Wirbelkompressionsfrakturen. Akt Traumatol 23: 90–96
White AA, Panjabi MM (1990) Kinematics of the spine. In: White AA, Panjabi MM (eds) Clinical biomechanics of the spine. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 85–125
White AA, Panjabi MM (1990) The Problem of Clinical Instability in the Human Spine: A systematic Approach. In: White AA, Panjabi MM (eds) Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine. Lippincott Philadelphia S 277–378
Whitesides TE (1977) Traumatic kyphosis of the thoracolumbar spine. Clin Orthop 128: 78–92
Literatur
Gertzbein SD (1992) Scoliosis Research Society. Multicenter spine fracture study. Spine 17: 528–540
Holmes AD, Hukins DW, Freemont AJ (1993) End-plate dis-placement during compression of lumbar vertebra-disc-verte-bra segments and the mechanism of failure. Spine 18: 128–135
Lob A (1954) Die Wirbelsäulenverletzungen und ihre Ausheilung. Thieme, Stuttgart
Magen F, Engelhardt P (1994) Brust-und Lendenwirbelsäule - Verlaufsformen. In: Witt AN, Rettig H, Schlegel KF (Hrsg) Orthopädie in Praxis und Klinik, Spezielle Orthopädie (Wirbelsäule - Thorax - Becken). Thieme, Stuttgart New York, S 3.82–3.132
Schiestel H (1971) Spätschäden der Wirbelsäule nach traumatischer Gibbusbildung. Hefte Unfallheilkd 108: 182–184
Literatur
Abel MS (1982) The exaggerated supine oblique view of the cervical spine. Skeletal Radiol 8: 213–219
Bell RM (1996) Clearing the cervical spine. In: Anonymous Trauma & Critical Care ‘86. Point/Counterpoint XV. Boston, Massachusetts 20.-22.5.1996 S 93–104
Benzel EC, Hart BL, Ball PA, Baldwin NG, Orrison WW, Espinosa M (1994) Fractures of the c-2 vertebral body. J Neurosurg 81: 206–212
Blacksin MF, Lee HJ (1995) Frequency and significance of fractures of the upper cervical spine detected by CT in patients with severe neck trauma. Am J Roentgenol 165: 1201–1204
Bohay D, Gosselin RA, Contreras DM (1992) The vertical axis fracture: a report on three cases. J Orthop Trauma 6: 416–419
Brant-Zawadzki M, Miller EM, Federle MP (1981) Ct in the evaluation of spine trauma. Am J Roentgenol 136: 369–375
Breschinski W, Helm M, Lampl L, Felleiter P (1994) Rettung und Transport von Wirbelsäulenverletzten - notärztliche Aspekte. Notfallmedizin 20: 352–354
Brightman RP, Miller CA, Rea GL, Chakeres DW, Hunt WE (1992) Magnetic resonance imaging of trauma to the thoracic and lumbar spine. The importance of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Spine 17: 541–550
Burke JT, Harris JH Jr (1989) Acute injuries of the axis vertebra. Skeletal Radiol 18: 335–346
Burkus JK, Denis F (1994) Hyperextension injuries of the thoracic spine in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Report of four cases. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 76: 237–243
Calenoff L, Chessare JW, Rogers LF, Toerge J, Rosen JS (1978) Multiple level spinal injuries: importance of early recognition. Am J Roentgenol 130: 665–669
Clark WM, Gehweiler JA, Jr., Laib R (1979) Twelve significant signs of cervical spine trauma. Skeletal Radiol 3: 201–205
Clayman DA, Sykes CH, Vines FS (1994) Occipital condyle fractures: clinical presentation and radiologic detection. Am J Neuroradiol 15: 1309–1315
Daffner RD (1996) Imaging of vertebral trauma. Lippincott & Raven, Philadelphia
Daffner RH (1995) Cervical radiography in the emergency department: who, when, how extensive? Emerg Radiol 2: 261–263
Davidson JS, Birdsell DC (1989) Cervical spine injury in patients with facial skeletal trauma. J Trauma 29: 1276–1278
Davis JW, Parks SN, Detlefs CL, Williams GG, Williams JL, Smith RW (1995) Clearing the c-spine in obtunded patients. The use of dynamic fluroscopy. J Trauma 39: 435–438
Davis JW, Phreaner DL, Hoyt DB, Mackersie RC (1993) The etiology of missed cervical spine injuries. J Trauma 34: 342–346
Domres B, Maier G (1991) Wirbelsäulenverletzungen - sachgerechte Erstversorgung. Rettungsdienst 14: 207–210
Dvorak J (1991) Funktionelle Röntgendiagnostik der oberen Halswirbelsäule. Orthopäde 20: 121–126
EL Khoury GY, Kathol MH, Daniel WW (1995) Imaging of acute injuries of the cervical spine: value of plain radiography, ct, and mr imaging. Am J Roentgenol 164: 43–50
Flanders AE, Schaefer DM, Doan HT, Mishkin MM, Gonzalez CF, Northrup BE (1990) Acute cervical spine trauma: correlation of mr imaging findings with degree of neurologic deficit [see comments]. Radiology 177: 25–33
Flanders AE, Tartaglino LM, Friedman DP, Aquilone LF (1992) Magnetic resonance imaging in acute spinal injury. Semin Roentgenol 27: 71–298
Freemyer B, Knopp R, Piche J, Wales L, Williams J (1989) Comparison of five-view and three-view cervical spine series in the evaluation of patients with cervical trauma. Ann Emerg Med 18: 818–821
Gehweiler JA Jr, Osborne RL Jr, Becker RF (1980) The radiology of vertebral trauma. Saunders, Philadelphia
Georgy BA, Hesselink JR (1994) Mr imaging of the spine: recent advances in pulse sequences and special techniques. Am J Roentgenol 162: 923–934
Gerrelts BD, Petersen EU, Mabry J, Petersen SR (1991) Delayed diagnosis of cervical spine injuries. J Trauma 31: 1622–1626
Gertzbein SD (1992) Scoliosis Research Society. Multicenter spine fracture study. Spine 17: 528–540
Goldberg RM, Rowan L, Anderson RE (1988) Thoracic vertebral fracture as a complication of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. J Emerg Med 6: 177–178
Grabb PA, Pang D (1994) Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality in children. Neurosurgery 35: 406–414
Gupta A, El Masri WS (1989) Multilevel spinal injuries. Incidence, distribution and neurological patterns. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 71: 692–695
Hackney DB, Asato R, Joseph PM et al. (1986) Hemorrhage and edema in acute spinal cord compression: demonstration by mr imaging. Radiology 161: 387–390
Hall AJ, Wagle VG, Raycroft J, Goldman RL, Butler AR (1993) Magnetic resonance imaging in cervical spine trauma. J Trauma 34: 21–26
Harris JH Jr, Burke JT, Ray RD, Nichols-Hostetter S, Lester RG (1984) Low (type III) odontoid fracture: a new radiographic sign. Radiology 153: 353–356
Harris JH Jr, Mirvis SE (1996) The radiology of acute cervical spine trauma. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore
Jones HK, McBride GG, Mumby RC (1989) Sternal fractures associated with spinal injury. J Trauma 29: 360–364
Jonsson H Jr, Bring G, Rauschning W, Sahlstedt B (1991) Hidden cervical spine injuries in traffic accident victims with skull fractures. J Spinal Disord 4: 251–263
Kreipke DL, Gillespie KR, McCarthy MC, Mail JT, Lappas JC, Broadie TA (1989) Reliability of indications for cervical spine films in trauma patients. J Trauma 29: 1438–1439
Kulkarni MV, McArdle CB, Kopanicky D et al. (1987) Acute spinal cord injury: mr imaging at 1.5 t. Radiology 164: 837–843
Laham JL, Cotcamp DH, Gibbons PA, Kahana MD, Crone KR (1994) Isolated head injuries versus multiple trauma in pediatric patients: do the same indications for cervical spine evaluation apply? Pediatr Neurosurg 21: 221–226
Land WH (1985) Efficacy of the post traumatic cross table lateral view of the cervical spine. Emerg Med 2: 243
Lieberman IH, Webb JK (1994) Cervical spine injuries in the elderly. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 76: 877–881
Link TM, Schuierer G, Hufendiek A, Horch C, Peters PE (1995) Substantial head trauma: value of routine ct examination of the cervicocranium. Radiology 196: 741–745
MacDonald RL, Schwartz ML, Mirich D, Sharkey PW, Nelson WR (1990) Diagnosis of cervical spine injury in motor vehicle crash victims: how many x-rays are enough? J Trauma 30: 392–397
Miles KA, Finlay D (1988) Is prevertebral soft tissue swelling a useful sign in injury of the cervical spine? Injury 19: 177–179
Mirvis SE, Diaconis JN, Chirico PA, Reiner BI, Joslyn JN, Militello P (1989) Protocol-driven radiologic evaluation of suspected cervical spine injury: efficacy study. Radiology 17o: 831–834
Mirvis SE, Geisler FH, Jelinek JJ, Joslyn JN, Gellad F (1988) Acute cervical spine trauma: evaluation with 1.5-T MR imaging. Radiology 166: 807–816
Mace SE (1985) Emergency evaluation of cervical spine injuries: CT versus roentgenographs. Ann Emerg Med 14: 973–975
Mower WR, Hoffmann JR, Schringer DL (1990) The feasibility of selective radiography in patients with trauma-induced neck pain. Ann Emerg Med 19: 1220–1221
Paakkala T (1985) Prevertebral soft tissue changes in cervical spine injury. Crit Rev Diagn Imaging 24: 201–236
Penning L (1981) Prevertebral hematoma in cervical spine injury: incidence and etiologic significance. Am J Roentgenol 136: 553–561
Petras AF, Sobel DF, Mani JR (1985) CT myelography in cervical nerve root avulsion. J Comput Assist Tomogr 9: 275–279
Post MJ, Green BA (1983) The use of computed tomography in spinal trauma. Radiol Clin North Am 21: 327–375
Powell JN, Waddell JP, Tucker WS, Transfeldt EE (1989) Multiple-level noncontiguous spinal fractures. J Trauma 29: 1146–1150
Reid DC, Henderson R, Saboe L, Miller JD (1987) Etiology and clinical course of missed spine fractures. J Trauma 27: 980–986
Ringenberg BJ, Fisher AK, Urdaneta LF, Midthun MA (1988) Rational ordering of cervical spine radiographs following trauma. Ann Emerg Med 17: 792–796
Rizzolo SJ, Vaccaro AR, Cotler JM (1994) Cervical spine trauma. Spine 19: 2288–2298
Roberge RJ, Wears RC, Kelly M et al. (1988) Selective application of cervical spine radiography in alert victims of blunt trauma: a prospective study. J Trauma 28: 784–788
Roth BJ, Martin RR, Foley K, Barcia PJ, Kennedy P (1994) Roentgenographic evaluation of the cervical spine. A selective approach. Arch Surg 129: 643–645
Seibert CE, Dreisbach JN, Swanson WB (1981) Progressive post-traumatic cystic myelopathie: neuroradiologic evaluation. Am J Roentgenol 136: 1161–1165
Smoker WR, Dolan KD (1987) The »fat« c2: a sign of fracture. Am J Roentgenol 148: 609–614
Vandemark RM (1990) Radiology of the cervical spine in trauma patients: practice pitfalls and recommendations for improving efficiency and communication [see comments]. Am J Roentgenol 155: 465–472
Wackenheim A, Dosch JC, Zollner G (1987) Röntgendiagnostik der traumatischen Instabilität der mittleren und unteren Halswirbelsäule (C3–C7). Orthopäde 16: 20–26
Winkel D, Vleeming A, Fisher S, Meijer OG, Vroege C (1985) Nichtoperative Orthopädie der Weichteile und des Bewegungsapparates. Teil 1: Anatomie in vivo. Fischer, Stuttgart
Woodring JH, Lee C, Jenkins K (1988) Spinal fractures in blunt chest trauma. J Trauma 28: 789–793
Literatur
ASIA Classification (1992) Standards for Neurological and Functional Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. American Spinal Injuries Association, Chicago, Illinois
Baskin DS (1996) Spinal cord injury. In: Evans RW (ed) Neurology and trauma. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 276–299
Benson DR, Keenen R (1990) Evaluation and treatment of trauma to the vertebral column. Instructional Course Lecture. Park Ridge 39: 577–589
Biering-Sorensen F, Hartkopp A (1995) Spinal cord lesions. Curr Opin Neurol 8: 451–455
Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Collins WF (1990) A randomized controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. New Engl J Med 322: 1405–1411
Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Collins WF (1992) Methylprednisolone or naloxone treatment after acute spinal cord injury: 1 year follow-up data: results of the second National Acute Spinal Cord Study. J Neurosurg 76: 23–31
Curt A, Dietz V (1996) Traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: relation between somatosensory evoked potentials, neurological deficit and hand function. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 77: 4853
Dietz V, Young RR (1996) The syndroms of spinal cord dysfunction. In: Brandt T, Caplan LR, Dickgans J, Diener HC, Kennard C (eds) Neurological disorders. Course and treatment. Academic Press, San Diego, pp S 641–652
Exner G, Meinecke FW, Bomnüter G (1990) Diagnostik and Behandlung der frischen Wirbelsäulenverletzung. Hefte Unfallheilkd 60–71
Frankel HL, Hancock DO, Hyslop G et al. (1969) The value of postural reduction in the initial management of closed injuries of the spine with paraplegia and tetraplegia. Paraplegia T 179–192
Friedman DP, Flanders A, Thomas C, Millar W (1995) Vertebral artery injury after acute cervical trauma: rate of accurance as detected by MR angiography and assessment of clinical consequences. Am J Roentgenol 164: 443–447
Garg BP, Ottinger CJ, Smith RR, Fishman MA (1993) Strokes in children due to vertebral artery trauma. Neurology 43: 2555--2558
Hadley MN, Zabramski JM, Browner CM, Rekate H, Sonntag VK (1988) Pediatric spinal trauma. Review of 122 cases of spinal cord and vertebral column injuries. J Neurosurg 68: 18–24
Hanak M, Scott A (1993) Spinal cord injury. Springer, New York
Hinse P, Thie A, Lachenmayer L (1991) Dissection of the extracranial vertebral artery: report of four cases and review of the literature. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 54: 863–869
Kaplan RS, Stolp-Smith KA (1995) Transient traumatic quadriplegia in an 29-year old man without predisposing anatomic lesion. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 76: 1006–1010
Katoh S, Masry WS (1994) Neurological recovery after conservative treatment of cervical cord injuries. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 76: 225–228
Katz RT, Toleikis RJ, Knuth AE (1991) Somatosensory-evoked potentials and dermatomal-evoked potentials are not clinically useful in the prognostication of acute spinal cord injury. Spine 16: 730–735
Li C, Houlden DA, Rowed DW (1990) Somatosensory evoked potentials and neurological grades as predictors of outcome in acute spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg 72: 600–609
MacDonell RAL, Donnan GA (1995) Magnetic cortical stimu-lation in acute spinal cord injury. Neurology 45: 303–306
Meinecke FW (1994) Querschnittlähmungen. In: Witt AN, Rettig H, Schlegel KF (Hrsg) Orthopädie in Praxis and Klinik, Bd V/2. Thieme, Stuttgart, S 41–441
Meinecke FW, Exner G (1993) Injuries of the thoraco-lumbar spine. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW, Klawans HL (eds) Handbook of clinical neurology, vol 61. Elsevier-North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 89–109
O’Brien D (1996) Immediate management of spinal injury. In: Palmer JD (Ed) Neurosurgery 96. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 696–701
Paeslack V (1983) Konservative Therapie der Rückenmarkstraumen. In: Hopf HC, Poeck K, Schliack H (Hrsg) Neurologie in Praxis and Klinik, Bd I. Thieme, Stuttgart, S 3.75–3.90
Piepmeyer JM, Jenkins NR (1988) Late neurological changes following traumatic spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg 69: 339–342
Ruge JR, Sinson GP, McLone DG, Cerulloa LJ (1988) Pediatric spinal injury: the very young. J Neurosurg 68: 25–30
Schurch B, Wichmann W, Rossier AB (1996) Post-traumatic syringomyelia (cystic myelopathy): a prospective study of 449 patients with spinal cord injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 60: 61–67
Sgouros S, Williams B (1996) Management and outcome of posttraumatic syringomyelia. J Neurosurg 85: 197–205
Stauffer ES (1987) Clinical aspects of thoracic and lumbar spine and spinal cord injuries. In: Harris OH (ed) Advances in neurotraumatology, vol 2: Thoracic and lumbar spine and spinal cord injuries. Springer, Wien, pp 27–39
Tator CH, Fehlings MG (1991) Review of the secondary injury theory of acute spinal cord trauma with emphasis on vascular mechanisms. J Neurosurg 75: 15–26
Torg JS, Pavlov H, Genuario SE (1986) Neuropraxia of the spinal cord with transient quadriplegia. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 68: 1354–1370
Tulyapronchote R, Selhorst JB, Malkoff MD, Gomez CR (1994) Delayed sequalae of vertebral artery dissection and occult cervical fractures. Neurology 44: 1397–1399
Unterharnscheid F (1992) Traumatologie von Hirn and Rükkenmark. Spezielle pathologische Anatomie. Pathologie des Nervensystems VII. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo
Willis BK, Greiner F, Orrisson WW, Benzel EC (1994) The incidence of vertebral artery injury after midcervical fracture or subluxation. Neurosurgery 34: 435–441
Yablon IG, Palumbo M, Spatz E (1991) Nerve root recovery in complete injuries of the cervical spine. Spine 16 Suppl to: 518–521
Zwipfer TJ, Bernstein M (1990) Spinal cord concussion. J Neurosurg 72: 894–900
Literatur
ATLS (1993) Advanced trauma life support student manual. American College of Surgeons, Chicago
Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Collins WF (1990) A randomized controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. New Engl J Med 322: 1406
Breschinski W, Helm M, Lampl L, Felleiter P (1994) Rettung und Transport von Wirbelsäulenverletzten - notärztliche Aspekte. Notfallmedizin 20: 352–354
Chandler DR, Nemejc C, Adkins RH, Waters RL (1992) Emergency cervical spine immobilization. Ann Emerg Med 21: 1185–1188
Ching RP, Watson NA, Carter JW, Tencer AF (1996) The effect of post-injury position on canal occlusion in a cervical spine burst fracture model: an in vitro study. Orthopaedic Trauma Association Boston: Sept. 27–29–1996
Domres B, Maier G (1991) Wirbelsäulenverletzungen - sachgerechte Erstversorgung. Rettungsdienst 1: 207–210
Huelke DF, O’Day J, Mendelsohn RA (1981) Cervical injuries suffered in automobile crashes. J Neurosurg 54: 316–322
Kalbe P, Kant CJ (1988) Erstmaßnahmen am Unfallort aus Sicht des Unfallchirurgen. Orthopäde 17: 2
McSwain NE, Jr. (1990) Pre-hospital trauma life support. Emergency Training, Acron-Ohio
Plaisier B, Gabram SG, Schwartz RJ, Jacobs LM (1994) Prospective evaluation of craniofacial pressure in four different cervical orthoses. J Trauma 37: 714–720
Sussman BJ (1978) Fracture dislocations of the cervical spine. A critique of current management in United States. Paraplegia 16: 15–38
Literatur
Allen RL, Perot PL Jr, Gudeman SK (1985) Evaluation of acute nonpenetrating cervical spinal cord injuries with et metrizamide myelography. J Neurosurg 63: 510–520
Apple JS, Kirks DR, Merten DF, Martinez S (1987) Cervical spine fractures and dislocations in children. Pediatr Radiol 17: 45–49
Barnes R (1948) Paraplegia in cervical spine injuries. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 3o:234–244
Bedbrook GM (1979) Spinal injuries with tetraplegia and paraplegia. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 61: 267–284
Blauth M, Duschek R, Schmidt U (1994) Gerät zur Reposition und intraoperativen Lagerung instabiler Verletzungen der Halswirbelsäule. Operat Orthop Traumatol 6:285–289
Bohlman HH (1978) Complications of treatment of fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine. In: Epps CH (ed) Complications in orthopaedic surgery. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 611–641
Böhler L (1951) Die Technik der Knochenbruchbehandlung. Maudrich, Wien
Braakman R, Vinken PJ (1967) Unilateral facet interlocking in the lower cervical spine. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 49: 249–257
Brookes TP (1933) Dislocations of the cervical spine. Their complications and treatment. Surg Gynecol Obstet 57: 772
Burke DC, Berryman D (1971) The place of closed manipulation in the management of flexion-rotation dislocations of the cervical spine. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 53: 165–182
Cotler HB, Cotler JM, Stoloff A et al. (1985) The use of auto-grafts for vertebral body replacement of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Spine 10: 748–756
Cotler HB, Miller LS, De Lucia FA, Cotler JM, Davne SH (1987) Closed reduction of cervical spine dislocations. Clin Orthop 185–199
Cotler JM, Herbison GJ, Nasuti JF, Ditunno JF Jr, An H, Wolff BE (1993) Closed reduction of traumatic cervical spine dislocation using traction weights up to 140 pounds. Spine 18: 386–390
Cotler JM, Nasuti J, Ditunno JF, An HS (1992) Improvement of motor index score after rapid closed reduction of traumatic cervical spine dislocation using traction weights up to 130 pounds. ASIA Annual Meeting
Crooks F, Birkett AN (1944) Fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine. Br J Surg 31: 252–264
Crutchfield WG (1933) Skeletal traction for dislocation of cervical spine. South Surg 2: 156–159
Davis D, Bohlman HH, Walker AE, Fisher R, Robinson R (1971) The pathological findings in fatal craniospinal injuries. J Neurosurg 34:603–613
de Oliveira JC (1979) Anterior reduction of interlocking facets in the lower cervical spine. Spine 4: 195–202
Durbin FC (1957) Fracture-dislocations of the cervical spine. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 39: 23–38
Eismont FJ, Arena MJ, Green BA (1991) Extrusion of an inter-vertebral disc associated with traumatic subluxation or dislocation of cervical facets. Case report. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 73: 1555–1560
Ellis VH (1946) Injuries of the cervical vertebrae. Proc Roy Soc Med 4o: 19
Evans DK (1961) Reduction of cervical dislocation. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 43: 552–555
Evarts CM (1970) Traumatic occipito-atlantal dislocation. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 52: 1653–1660
Forsyth HF, Alexander EJ, Davis CJ, Underdal R (1959) The advantages of early spine fusion in the treatment of fracture-dislocations of the cervical spine. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 41: 17–36
Fredrickson BE, Yuan HA (1992) Nonoperative treatment of the spine: External Immobilization. In: Browner BD, Jupiter JB, Levine AM, Trafton PG (eds) Skeletal Trauma, vol I. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 623–644
Fried LC (1974) Cervical spinal cord injury during skeletal traction. J Am Med Assoc 229: 181–183
Fruin AH, Pirotte TP (1977) Traumatic atlantooccipital dislocation. Case report. J Neurosurg 46: 663–666
Jahna H, Wittich H (1985) Konservative Methoden in der Frakturbehandlung. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Wien, S121–138
Jeanneret B, Magerl F (1991) Diagnostische Stabilisation der Lendenwirbelsäule und des Iliosakralgelenkes mit dem Wirbel-Fixateur externe. Aktuel Probl Chir Orthop 41: 118–126
Jeanneret B, Magerl F, Ward JC (1991) Overdistraction: a hazard of skull traction in the management of acute injuries of the cervical spine. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 110: 242–245
Jeanneret B, Magerl FP (1994) Die Hakenplattenspondylodese an der Halswirbelsäule. Operat Orthop Traumatol 6: 71–83
Jeanneret B, Vernet O, Frei S, Magerl F (1991) Atlantoaxial mobility after screw fixation of the odontoid: a computed tomographic study. J Spinal Disord 4: 203–211
Jones AA, Rothman RH, Balderston RA (1990) Fusion Techniques for Degenerative Disease. In: Cotler JM, Cotler HB (eds) Spinal Fusion. Science and Technique. Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg Tokyo
Kaufmann RA, Dunbar JC, Botsford JA, McLaurin RL (1982) Traumatic longitudinal atlanto-occipital distraction injuries in children. J Am Med Assoc 415–419
Kleyn PJ (1984) Dislocations of the cervical spine: closed reduction under anaesthesia. Paraplegia 22: 271–281
Lee AS, MacLean JC, Newton DA (1994) Rapid traction for reduction of cervical spine dislocations. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 76: 352–356
Mahale YJ, Silver JR, Henderson NJ (1993) Neurological complications of the reduction of cervical spine dislocations. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 75: 403–409
Montane I, Eismont FJ, Green BA (1991) Traumatic occipitoatlantal dislocation. Spine 16: 112–116
Olerud C, Jonsson H, Jr. (1991) Compression of the cervical spine cord after reduction of fracture dislocations. Report of 2 cases. Acta Orthop Scand 62: 599–601
Osti OL, Fraser RD, Griffiths ER (1989) Reduction and stabilisation of cervical dislocations. An analysis of 167 cases. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 71: 275–282
Raynor RB (1977) Cervical cord compression secondary to acute disc protrusion in trauma. Incidence and response to decompression. Spine 2: 39–43
Rizzolo SJ, Ergener J (1993) Incidence and treatment of disc injury in patients with cervical spine dislocations. AAOS Annual Meeting
Rizzolo SJ, Vaccaro AR, Cotler JM (1994) Cervical spine trauma. Spine 19: 2288–2298
Roberts SM (1937) Fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine. Part II. J Bone Joint Surg 19: 477
Robertson PA, Ryan MD (1992) Neurological deterioration after reduction of cervical subluxation. Mechanical compression by disc tissue. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 74: 224–227
Rogers WA (1942) Treatment of fracture-dislocations of the cervical spine. J Bone Joint Surg 24: 245–258
Sabiston CP, Wing PC, Schweigel JF, Van Peteghem PK, Yu W (1988) Closed reduction of dislocations of the lower cervical spine. J Trauma 28: 832–835
Scott EW, Haid RW, Jr., Peace D (1990) Type I fractures of the odontoid process: implications for atlanto-occipital instability. Case report [see comments]. J Neurosurg 72: 488–492
Shrosbree RD (1979) Neurological sequelae of reduction of fracture dislocations of the cervical spine. Paraplegia 17: 212–221
Sonntag VK (1981) Management of bilateral locked facets of the cervical spine. Neurosurgery 8: 150–152
Sonntag VK, Dickman CA (1995) Occipitocervical Instrumentation. In: Hitchon PW, Traynelis VC, Rengachary S (eds) Techniques in Spinal Fusion and Stabilization. Thieme, New York, pp 107–116
Star AM, Jones AA, Coller JM, Balderston RA, Sinha R (1990) Immediate closed reduction of cervical spine dislocations using traction. Spine 15: 1068–1072
Taylor AS (1924) Fracture-dislocation of the neck. A method of treatment. Arch Neurol Psychiat 12: 625
Walton GL (1893) A new method of reducing dislocation of cervical vertebra. J Nery Ment Dis 20: 609
Winter RB, Lonstein JE, Denis F, Smith MD (1995) Allas of Spine Surgery. Saunders, Philadelphia, p 20
Woodring JH, Selke AC, Duff DE (1981) Traumatic atlantooccipital dislocation with survival. Am J Roentgenol 137: 21–24
Literatur
Havemann D (1990) Gegenwärtiger Stand der operativen Behandlung der instabilen Wirbelsäule unter besonderer Berücksichtigung neurochirurgischer Indikationen. Neurochirurgia Stuttg 33 Suppl 1: 50–55
Kohler A, Friedl HP, Käch K, Stocker R, Trentz O (1994) Versorgungskonzept beim Polytraumatisierten mit Halswirbelsäulenverletzung. Heiv Chir Acta 60: 547–550
Marzi I, Mutschier W (1996) Strategie der operativen Versorgung des Polytraumas. Zentralbl Chir 121: 950–962
Metak G, Scherer MA, Dannohl C (1994) Übersehene Verletzungen des Stütz-und Bewegungsapparats beim Polytrauma - eine retrospektive Studie. Zentralbi Chir 119: 88–94
Nunez DB, Ahmad AA, Coin CG (1994) Clearing of the cervical spine in multiple trauma victims: a time-effective protocol using helical computed tomography. Emerg Radiol 1: 273–278
Pennig D, Brug E, Klein W (1987) Wirbelsäulen-und Begleitverletzungen bei Polytraumatisierten im Wachstumsalter. Unfallchirurg 90: 518–522
Richter-Turtur M (1992) Wirbelsäulenverletzungen bei polytraumatisierten Patienten. Langenbecks Arch Chir Suppl Kongressbd 311–315
Rose S, Marzi I (1996) Pathophysiologie des Polytraumas. Zentralbl Chir 121: 896–913
Spitz J, Becker C, Tittel K, Weigand H (1992) Die klinische Relevanz der Ganzkörperskelettszintigraphie bei mehrfachverletzten und polytraumatisierten Patienten. Unfallchirurgie 18: 133–147
Waydhas C, Nast-Kolb D, Kick M et al. (1993) Operationstrauma Wirbelsäule in der Versorgung polytraumatisierter Patienten. Unfallchirurg 96: 62–65
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Blauth, M. (1998). Grundlagen der Wirbelsäulentraumatologie. In: Tscherne, H., Blauth, M. (eds) Tscherne Unfallchirurgie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58840-2_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58840-2_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63753-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-58840-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive