Skip to main content

Milz

  • Chapter
Pathologie
  • 129 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Weiterführende Literatur

  1. Blaustein A (1963) The Spleen. McGraw-Hill, New York Toronto London

    Google Scholar 

  2. von Herrath E (1958) Bau und Funktion der normalen Milz, de Gruyter, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  3. Lennert K, Harms (1970) Die Milz — The Spleen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  4. Lewis SM (Hrsg) (1983) The Spleen. In: Clinics in Haematology, vol 12/2. Saunders, Philadelphia London Toronto

    Google Scholar 

  5. Lubarsch O (1927) Pathologische Anatomie der Milz. In: Henke F, Lubarsch O (Hrsg) Handbuch der speziellen pathologischen Anatomie und Histologie, BdI/2. Springer, Berlin, S 505–616

    Google Scholar 

  6. Rappaport H (1966) Tumors of the hematopoietic system. In: Atlas of tumor pathology, vol III/8. AFIP, Washington, DC, pp 357–442

    Google Scholar 

  7. Rotter W, Büngeler W (1955) Blut und blutbildende Organe. In: Staemmler H (Hrsg) Lehrbuch der speziellen pathologischen Anatomie, 11. u. 12. Aufl, Bdl/l. de Gruyter, Berlin, S 771–834

    Google Scholar 

  8. Stutte HJ (1974) Hypersplenismus und Milzstruktur. Fermenthistochemische und biometrische Untersuchungen an menschlichen Milzen. Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  9. Tischendorf F (1969) Die Milz. In: Bargmann W (Hrsg) Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen, Bd VI/6. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bowdler AJ (ed) (1990) The Spleen. Chapman & Hall, London

    Google Scholar 

  11. Cuchieri A, Forbes CD (eds) (1994) Disorders of the spleen. Oxford, Scientific Publications, Blackwell lia.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Falk S (1991) Maligne Lymphome in der Milz. Fischer, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  13. Henry K, Symmers WStC (eds) (1992) Systemic pathology, 3rd edn, vol 7: Thymus, lymph nodes, spleen and lymphatics. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh

    Google Scholar 

  14. Isaacson PG, Norton AJ (1994) Extranodal lymphomas. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh

    Google Scholar 

  15. Warnke RA, Weiss LM, Chan JKC, Cleary ML, Dorfman RF (1995) Tumors of the lymph nodes and spleen. Atlas of tumor pathology, 3r Series, Fascicle 14. AFIP, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  16. Wolf BC, Neiman RS (1989) Disorders of the spleen. Major problems in pathology, vol 20. Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  17. Weiterführende Literatur (⊳ S. 551)

    Google Scholar 

  18. von Albert HH (1963) Zur Frage einer depressorischen Knochenmarkswirkung „hypersplener“ Milzen. I. Experimentelle Untersuchungen mit der Deckglaskultur-Methode. Blut 9:405–419

    Google Scholar 

  19. von Albert HH, Zickgraf H (1966) Zur Frage einer depressorischen Knochenmarkswirkung „hypersplener“ Milzen. II. Experimentelle Untersuchungen an der Flüssigkeitskultur. Blut 12:104–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Amsbaugh DF, Prescott B, Baker PJ (1978) Effect of splenectomy on the expression of regulatory T cell activity. J Immunol 121:1483–1485

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Aster RH (1966) Pooling of platelets in the spleen: role in the pathogenesis of „hypersplenic“ thrombocytopenia. J Clin Invest 45:645–657

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Barcroft J, Florey HW (1928) Some factors involved in the concentration of blood by the spleen. J Physiol 66:231–234

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Barnhart MI, Baechler CA, Lusher JM (1976) Arteriovenous shunts in the human spleen. Am J Hematol 1:105–114

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Benner R, Oudenaren van A (1975) Antibody formation in mouse bone marrow following cell response to sheep red blood cells. Cell Immunol 19:167–182

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Binns RM, Pabst R, Licence ST (1981) Classification of lymphocytes recirculating in the spleen. Immunology 44:273–279

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Burke JS, Simon GT (1970) Electron microscopy of the spleen. II. Phagocytosis of colloidal carbon. Am J Pathol 58:157–181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Carlisle HN, Saslaw S (1959) Properdin levels in splenectomized persons. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 102:150–155

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Carlson DJ, Ham TH (1968) Physical effects of red cells as related to effects in vivo. III. Effect of thermal treatment on survival of red cells in the dog. Role of the spleen. Blood 32:872–883

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Chen LT (1978) Microcirculation of the spleen: an open or closed circulation? Science 201:157–159

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Chen LT, Chiang PK (1981) Intrasplenic pH in normal and phenylhydrazineinduced anemic rats. Am J Hematol 11:403–407

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Clark JM, Weiss L (1971) Effects of bacterial vaccine on the marginal zone of the spleen. Am J Anat 132:79–92

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Constantopoulos A, Najar VA, Wish JB et al (1973) Defective phagocytosis due to tuftsin deficiency in splenectomized subjects. Am J Dis Child 125:663–665

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Crosby WH (1959) Normal function of the spleen relative to red blood cells. Blood 14:399–408

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Dijkstra CD, Van Tilburg NJ, Döpp EA (1982) Ontogenetic aspects of immunecomplex trapping in the spleen and popliteal lymph nodes of the rat. Cell Tissue Res 223:545–552

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Djaldetti M (1979) Hemopoietic events in human embryonic spleens at early gestational stages. Biol Neonate 36:133–144

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Donohue DM, Reiff RH, Hanson ML, Betson Y, Finch CA (1958) Quantitative measurement of erythrocytic and granulocytic cells of the marrow and blood. J Clin Invest 37:1571–1576

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Drenckhahn D (1983) Distribution of actin, myosin, tropomyosin, alpha actinin and vimentin in the sinus lining cells of the human spleen. Anat Anz 77:647–648

    Google Scholar 

  38. Eikelenboom P, Boorsma DM, Rooijen van N (1982) The development of IgM-and IgG-containing plasmablasts in the white pulp of the spleen after stimulation with a thymus-independent antigen (LPS) and a thymus-dependent antigen (SRBC). Cell Tissue Res 226:83–95

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Eikelenboom P, Kroese FGM, Rooijen van N (1983) Immune complex-trapping cells in the spleen of the chicken. Cell Tissue Res 231:377–386

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ford WL (1969) The immunological and migratory properties of the lymphocytes recirculating through the rat spleen. Br J exp Path 50:257–269

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Furth van R (1980) The mononuclear phagocyte system. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 64:1–11

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Furth van R, Cohn ZA, Hirsch JG, Humphrey JH, Spector WG, Langevoort HL (1972) The mononuclear phagocyte system. A new classification of macrophages, monocytes and their precursor cells. Bull WHO 46:845–852

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Gerdes J, Stein H (1982) Complement (C3) receptors on dendritic reticulum cells of normal and malignant lymphoid tissue. Clin Exp Immunol 48:348–352

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Gowans JL, Knight EJ (1964) The route of recirculation of lymphocytes in the rat. Proc Roy Soc Lond B 159:257–282

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Groeneveld PHP, Eickelenboom P, Rooijen van N (1983) Mechanisms of follicular trapping: Similarities and differences in trapping of antibody-complexed antigens and carbon particles of the spleen. J Reticuloendothel Soc 33:109–117

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Harms D (1970) Milz und Blutgerinnung. In: Lennert K, Harms D (Hrsg) Die Milz/The Spleen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 306–316

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  47. Heusermann U, Müller H, Stutte HJ (1981) Epitheloide Venolen in der menschlichen Milz (Abstrakt). Acta Anat 111:64

    Google Scholar 

  48. Heusermann U, Stutte HJ (1977) Die tieferen Lymphgefäße in der menschlichen Milz und ihre pathologisch-anatomischen Aspekte. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 61:469

    Google Scholar 

  49. Heusermann U, Stutte HJ, Müller-Hermelink HK (1974) Interdigitating cells in the white pulp of the human spleen. Cell Tissue Res 154:415–417

    Google Scholar 

  50. Heusermann U, Zurborn K-H, Schroeder L, Stutte HJ (1980) The origin of the dendritic reticulum cell. An experimental enzyme-histochemical and electron microscopic study on the rabbit spleen. Cell Tissue Res 209:279–294

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Hittmair A (1969) Die Physiologie und Pathologie der Milz. Forschungsergebnisse der letzten 20 Jahre. Urban & Schwarzenberg, München Berlin Wien

    Google Scholar 

  52. Hoefsmit EChM (1975) Mononuclear phagocytes, reticulum cells and dendritic cells in lymphoid tissue. In: Furth R van (Hrsg) Mononuclear phagocytes in immunity, infection and pathology. Blackwell, Oxford London Edinburgh Melbourne, pp 129–146

    Google Scholar 

  53. Hsu SM, Cossman J, Jaffe ES (1983) Lymphocyte subsets in normal human lymphoid tissues. Am J Clin Pathol 80:21–30

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Jandl JH (1960) The agglutination and sequestration of immature red cells. J Lab Clin Med 55:663–681

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Jandl JH, Aster RA (1967) Increased splenic pooling and the pathogenesis of hypersplenism. Am J Med Sei 253:383–397

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Jandl JH, Files NM, Barnett SB, MacDonald RA (1965) Proliferative response of the spleen and the liver to hemolysis. J Exp Med 122:299–326

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Kamperdijk EWA, Raaymakers EM, De Leeuw JHS, Hoefsmith EChM (1978) Lymph node macrophages and reticulum cells in the immune response. I. The primary response to parathyphoid vaccine. Cell Tissue Res 192:1–23

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Kellner G (1962) Die Lymphwege der menschlichen Milz. Z Mikr Anat Forsch 68:564–602

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Koboth I (1939) Über das Gitterfasergerüst der roten Milzpulpa mit einem Beitrag zu ihrer Gefäßstruktur und Blutdurchströmung. Beitr Pathol Anat 103:11–29

    Google Scholar 

  60. Koyama S, Aoki S, Deguchi K (1964) Electron microscopic observations of the splenic red pulp with special reference to the pitting function. Mie Med J 14:143–188

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Kudoh G, Hoshi K, Murakami T (1979) Fluorescence microscopic and enzyme histochemical studies of the innervation of the human spleen. Arch Histolog Japon 42:169–180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. De Langen CD (1943) Function of spleen and blood. Acta Med Scand 115:271–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Layendecker SJ, McDonald TP (1982) The relative roles of the spleen and bone marrow in platelet production in mice. Exp Hematol 10:332–342

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Leibovich SJ, Knyszinski A (1979) In vitro recognition of „old“ red blood cells by macrophages from syngeneic mice: characteristics of the macrophagered blood cell interaction. J Reticuloendothel Soc 27:411–419

    Google Scholar 

  65. Likhite VV (1976) Immunological impairment ans susceptibility to infection after splenectomy. JAMA 236:1376–1377

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Löffler H (1970) Milz und Erythrocytenbildung. In: Lennert K, Harms D (Hrsg) Die Milz/The Spleen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 196–204

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  67. Mandel TE, Phipps RP, Abbot AP, Tew JG (1981) Longterm antigen retention by dendritic cells in the popliteal lymph node of immunized mice. Immunology 43:353–362

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Melamed I, Zakuth V, Tzechoval E, Spirer Z (1982) Suppressor T cell activity in splenectomized subjects. J Clin Lab Immunol 7:173–177

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Meyer WH, Levin J, Ness PM, Bell WR, Douglass KH, Camargo EE, Zinkham WH (1983) Abnormalities of the spleen and liver in patients with hemophilia. Am J Hematol 14:235–246

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Motulsky AG, Casserd F, Giblett ER, Broun GO, Finch CA (1958) Anemia and the spleen. N Engl J Med 259:1164–1169, 1215-1219

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Müller-Hermelink HK, Heusermann U, Stutte HJ (1974) Enzyme histochemical observations on the localization and structure of the T-cell and B-cell regions in the human spleen. Cell Tissue Res 154:167–179

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Müller-Hermelink HK, Heusermann U, Kaiserling E, Stutte HJ (1976) Human lymphatic microecology — specificity, characterization and ontogeny of different reticulum cells in the B cell and T cell regions. Adv Exp Med Biol 66:177–182

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Murphy JR (1967) The influence of pH and temperature on some physical properties of normal erythrocyte and erythrocytes from patients with hereditary spherocytosis. J Lab Clin Med 69:758–775

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Nossal GJV, Austin CM, Pye J, Mitchell J (1966) Antigens in immunity. XII. Antigen trapping in the spleen. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 29:368–383

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Noyes WD, Bothwell TH, Finch CA (1960) The role of the reticulo-endothelial cells in iron metabolism. Br J Haematol 6:43–55

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Pabst R, Novara E (1982) Organ distributions and fate of newly formed splenic lymphocytes in the pig. Anat Rec 202:85–94

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Pabst R, Reinecke G (1981) Proliferation of human lymphoid cells. Lymphocytopoiesis and cell cycle parameters in isolated perfused human spleens. Scand J Haematol 26:41–49

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Pabst R, Trepel F (1975) The predominant role of the spleen in lymphocyte recirculation. I. Homing of lymphocytes to and release from the isolated perfused pig spleen. Cell Tissue Kinet 8:529–541

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Pabst R, Trepel F (1976) The predominant role of the spleen in lymphocyte recirculation. IL Pre-and postsplenectomy retransfusion studies in young pigs. Cell Tissue Kinet 9:170–189

    Google Scholar 

  80. Pegrum GD (1965) The effect of splenic extract on the reaction of cells to phytohaemagglutinine. Br J Haematol 11:642–654

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Peters AM, Klonizakis I, Lewis SM, Lavender JP (1990) Use of 111 indium-labelled platelets to measure spleen function. Br J Haematol 46:587–593

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Pictet R, Orci L, Forssmann WG, Girardier L (1969) An electron microscope study of the perfusion-fixed spleen. I. The splenic circulation and the RES-concept. Z Zellforsch 96:372–399

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Prankerd TAJ (1963) The spleen and anaemia. Br Med J 11:517–524

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Richards JDM, Toghill PJ (1967) The distribution of erythrocytes in the human spleen in health and disease. J Pathol Bact 93:653–660

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Rossle R, Roulet FC (1932) Maß und Zahl in der Pathologie. In: Pathologie und Klinik in Einzeldarstellungen, Bd 5. Springer, Berlin Wien

    Google Scholar 

  86. Rooijen van N (1977) Immune complexes in the spleen: Three concentric follicular areas of immune complex trapping, their interrelationships and possible function. J Reticuloendothel Soc 21:143–152

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Saitoh K, Kamiyama R, Hatakeyama S (1982) A scanning electron microscopic study of the boundary zone of the human spleen. Cell Tissue Res 222:655–665

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Sasou S, Satodate R (1979) A scanning electron microscopical study of the perifollicular region of the spleen. Recent Adv RES Res 19:43–53

    Google Scholar 

  89. Satodate R, Sasou S, Katsura S, Yoshida M, Hirata M (1977) Vergleichende histologische-morphometrische Untersuchung der Marginalzone und des Keimzentrums der Milzfollikel der Ratte nach Endotoxininjektion. Exp Pathol 14:100–107

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Snook T (1958) The histology of vascular terminations in the rabbit’s spleen. Anat Rec 130:711–729

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Spirer Z, Zakuth V, Diamant S et al (1977) Decreased tuftsin concentrations in patients who have undergone splenectomy. Br Med J 11:1574–1576

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Schulkind ML, Ellis EF, Smith RT (1967) Effect of antibody upon clearance of J-labelled pneumococci by the spleen and liver. Pediatr Res 1:178–184

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Stutte HJ (1967) Zur Zytologie und Fermentzytochemie der menschlichen Milz. Untersuchungen an Ausstrichpräparaten. Klin Wochenschr 45:210–217

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Stutte HJ (1968) Nature of human spleen red pulp cells with special reference to sinus lining cells. Z Zellforsch 91:300–314

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Teir H, Wikström S (1970) Milz und Granulozytenhaushalt. In: Lennert K, Harms D (Hrsg) Die Milz/The Spleen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 317–329

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  96. Teitel P (1967) Corrélations entre les caractéristiques microrhéologiques (filtrabilité) des globules rouges et leur séquestration splénique et hépatique. Nouv Rev franç Hémat 7321-338

    Google Scholar 

  97. Tew JG, Phipps RP, Mandel TE (1980) The maintenance and regulation on the humoral immune response: persisting antigen and the role of follicular antigenbinding dendritic cells as accessory cells. Immunological Rev 53:175–201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Vaughan RB, Boy den SV (1964) Interactions of macrophages and erythrocytes. Immunology 7:118–126

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Vaupel P, Wendling P, Thome H, Fischer J (1977) Atemgaswechsel und Glucoseaufnahme der menschlichen Milz „in situ“. Klin Wochenschr 55:239–242

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Veerman AJP, Rooijen van N (1975) Lymphocyte capping and lymphocyte migration as associated events in the in vivo antigen trapping process. An electron-microscopic autoradiographic study in the spleen of mice. Cell Tissue Res 161:211–217

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Veldman JE, Molenaar I, Keunig FJ (1978) Electron microscopy of cellular immunity reactions in B-cell deprived rabbits: Thymus derived antigen reactive cells, their microenvironment and progeny in the lymph node. Virchows Arch Cell Pathol 28:217–228

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Wiersbowsky A, Grouls V, Helpap B, Klingmüller G (1982) Electron microscopic study of the development of the periarteriolar zone in splenic white pulp of rats. Cell Tissue Res 223:335–348

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Wolf R, Fischer J (1970) Das Milzminutenvolumen. In: Lennert K, Harms D (Hrsg) Die Milz/The Spleen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 113–117

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  104. Asma GEM, van den Bergh RL, Vossen JM (1984) Development of pre-B and B lymphocytes in the human fetus. Clin Exp Immunol 56:407–414

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Bordessoule D, Gaulard P, Mason DY (1990) Preferential localisation of human lymphocytes bearing gamma delta T-cell receptors to the red pulp of the spleen. J Clin Pathol 43:461–464

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Buckley PJ, Dickson SA, Walker WS (1985) Human splenic sinusoidal lining cells express antigens associated with monocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and T lymphocytes. J Immunol 134:2310–2315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Christensen BE, Jonsson V, Matre R, Tondor O (1978) Traffic of T and B lymphocytes in the normal spleen. Scand J Haematol 20:246–257

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Claassen E, Westerhof Y, Versluis B et al (1988) Effects of chronic injection of sphingomyelin-containing liposomes an lymphoid cells of the spleen. Transient suppression of marginal zone macrophages. Br J Exp Pathol 69:865–875

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Clark MR (1988) Senescence of red blood cells: progress and problems. Physiol Rev 68:503–554

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Corazza GR, Ginaldi L, Zoli G et al (1980) Howell-Jolly counting as a measure of splenic function. A reassessment. Clin Lab Haematol 12:269–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. Dijkstra C (1991) The heterogeneity of reticulum cells and the origin of the follicular dendritic cell. In: Racs P, Dijkstra C, Gluckman JC (eds) Accessory cells in HIV and other retro viral infections. Karger, Basel, pp 18–28

    Google Scholar 

  112. Eickelenboom P, Dijkstra C, Boorsma DM, van Rooijen N (1985) Characterization of lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells in the white pulp of the spleen using immunohistoperoxidase techniques and enzymehistochemistry. Expe-rientia 41:209–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. Feiten DL, Ackerman KD, Wiegand SJ, Feiten SY (1987) Noradrenergic sympathetic innervation of the spleen: I. Nerve fibers associated with lymphocytes and macrophages in specific compartments of the splenic white pulp. JNeurosci Res 18:28–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. Feiten DL (1993) Direct innervation of lymphoid organs: substrate for neurotransmitter signaling of cells of the immune system. Neuropsychobiology 28:110–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  115. Florentin I, Martinez J, Maral J et al (1983) Immunopharmacological properties of tuftsin and some analogues. Ann NYAcad Sei 419:177–191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Fujimoto T, Singer SJ (1987) Immunocytochemical studies of desmin and vimentin in pericapillary cells of chicken. J Histochem Cytochem 35:1105–1115

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Goerdt S, Steckel F, Schulze-Osthoff et al (1989) Characterization and different expression of an endothelial cellspecific surface antigen in continuous and sinusoidal endothelia in skin vascular lesions and in vitro. Exp Cell Biol 57:185–192

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Groom AC, Levesque MJ, Nealon S, Basrur S (1985) Does an unfavourable environment for red cells develop within the cat spleen when abnormal cells become trapped? J Lab Clin Med 105:209–213

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Groom AC, Schmidt EE (1989) Microcirculatory blood flow through the spleen. In: Bowdler AJ (ed) The Spleen. Structure, function and clinical significance. Chapman & Hall, London, p 45

    Google Scholar 

  120. Groom AC (1987) Microcirculation of the spleen: new concepts, new challenges. Microvasc Res 34:269–289

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Heinen E, Cormann N, Kinet-Denoel C (1988) The lymph follicle: a hard nut to crack. Immunol Today 1988:240–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  122. Kuzu I, Bicknell R, Harris AL et al (1992) Heterogeneity of vascular endothelial cells with relevance to diagnosis of vascular tumors. J Clin Pathol 45:143–148

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Lampert IA (1992) The Spleen. In: McGee JO’D, Isaacson PG, Wright NA (eds) Oxford University Press, pp 1794-1807

    Google Scholar 

  124. MacDonald IC, Schmidt EE, Groom AC (1991) The high splenic hematocrit: a rheological consequence of red cell flow through the reticular meshwork. Microvasc Res 42:60–76

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Najjar VA, Nishioka K (1970) „Tuftsin“ — a natural phagoytosis stimulating peptide. Nature 228:672–673

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Nehls V, Drenckhahn D (1993) The versatility of microvascular pericytes: from mesenchyme to smooth muscle? Histochemistry 99:1–12

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Nieuwenhuis P, Ford WL (1976) Comparative migration of B-and T-Lymphocytes in the rat spleen and lymph nodes. Cell Immunol 23:254–267

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Pabst R (1981) The spleen in lymphocyte migration. Immunol Today 9:43–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  129. Pellas TC, Weiss L (1990) Deep splenic lymphatic vessels in the mouse: a route of splenic exit for recirculatory lymphocytes. Am J Anat 187:347–354

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Peters AM, Saverymuttu SH, Keshavarzian A et al (1985) Splenic pooling of granulocytes. Clin Sei 68:283–289

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Peters AM (1983) Splenic blood flow and blood cell kinetics. In: Lewis SM (ed) Clinics in haematology. Saunders, London, pp 421–447

    Google Scholar 

  132. Pippard MJ (1994) Functions of the spleen. In: Cuschieri A, Forbes CD (eds) Disorders of the spleen. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 25–50

    Google Scholar 

  133. Sasou S, Satodate R, Katsura S (1976) The marginal sinus in the perifollicular region of the rat spleen. Cell Tissue Res 172:195–203

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Satodate R, Ogasawara S, Sasou S, Katsura S (1971) Characteristic structure of the splenic white pulp of rats. J Reticuloendothel Soc 10:428–433

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Satodate R, Tanaka H, Sasou S et al (1986) Scanning electron microscopocal studies of the arterial terminals in the red pulp of the rat spleen. Anat Rec 215:214–216

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Schmidt EE, MacDonald IC, Groom AC (1988) Microcirculatory pathways in normal human spleen, demonstrated by scanning microscopy of corrosion casts. Am J Anat 181:253–266

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Sträub RH, Westermann J, Schölmerich J, Falk W (1998) Dialogue between the CNS and the immune system in lymphoid organs. Immunol Today 19:409–413

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Szakal AK, Kosco MH, Smith JP, Tew JG (1991) Kinetic and ultrastructural aspects of the antigen transport-FDC-iccosome-B cell axis. In: Racz P, Dijkstra C, Gluckman JC (eds) Accessory cells in HIV and other retroviral infections. Karger, Basel, pp 29–43

    Google Scholar 

  139. Timens W, Boes A, Poppema S (1989) Human marginal zone B cells are not an activated B cell subset: strong expression of CD 21 as a putative mediator for rapid B-cell activation. Europ J Immunol 19:2163–2166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Timens W, Rozeboom-Uiterwijk T, Poppema S (1988) Im-munoarchitecture of human foetal lymphoid tissues. Virchows Arch A 423:563–571

    Article  Google Scholar 

  141. van Krieken JHJM, te Velde J (1997) Spleen. In: Sternberg SS (ed) Histology for pathologists, 2nd edn. Lippin-cott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp 675–685

    Google Scholar 

  142. Van Krieken JHJM, von Schilling C, Kluin M, Lennert K (1989) Splenic marginal zone lymphocytes and related cells in the lymph node: A morphologic and immunohistochemical study. Hum Pathol 20:320–325

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Waugh RE (1991) Reticulocyte rigidity and passage through endothelial-like pores. Blood 78:3037–3042

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Winkelstein JA, Lambert GH (1975) Pneumococcal serum opsonising activity in splenectomised children. J Pediatr 87:430–433

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Wolf BC, Luevano E, Neiman RS (1983) Evidence to suggest that the human fetal spleen is not a hematopoietic organ. Am J Clin Pathol 80:140–144

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Weiterführende Literatur (⊳ S. 551)

    Google Scholar 

  147. von Albert HH (1963) Zur Frage einer depressorischen Knochenmarkswirkung „hypersplener“ Milzen. I. Experimentelle Untersuchungen mit der Deckglaskultur-Methode. Blut 9:405–419

    Google Scholar 

  148. von Albert HH, Zickgraf H (1966) Zur Frage einer depressorischen Knochenmarkswirkung „hypersplener“ Milzen. II. Experimentelle Untersuchungen an der Flüssigkeitskultur. Blut 12:104–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  149. Aster RH (1966) Pooling of platelets in the spleen: Role in the pathogenesis of „hypersplenic“ thrombocytopenia. J Clin Invest 45:645–657

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Banti G (1898) Splenomegalie mit Leberzirrhose. Beitr Pathol Anat 24:21–33

    Google Scholar 

  151. Blendis LM, Clarke MB, Williams B (1969) Effect of splenectomy on the haemodilutional anaemia of splenomegaly. Lancet 1:795–798

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Brubaker LH, Johnson CA (1978) Correlation of splenomegaly and abnormal neutrophil pooling (margination). J Lab Clin Med 92:508–515

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Chauffard M (1907) Diskussionsbemerkung. Bull Soc Méd Hop Paris 24:1201–1203

    Google Scholar 

  154. Crosby WH (1962) Hypersplenism. Ann Rev Med 13:127–146

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Dameshek W, Estren S (1947) The spieen and hypersplenism. Grüne & Stratton, New York

    Google Scholar 

  156. Doan CA, Wright CS (1946) Primary congenital and secondary acquired splenic panhematopenia. Blood 1:10–26

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Frank E (1915) Die essentielle Thrombopenie. Berliner Klin Wochenschr 52:454–459, 490-494

    Google Scholar 

  158. Frank E (1916) Aleukia Splenica. Berliner Klin Wochenschr 53:555–561

    Google Scholar 

  159. Gehrmann G (1969) Hämolyse und hämolytische Anämien. Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  160. Gretsel (1866) Ein Fall von Anaemia splenica bei einem Kinde. Berlin Klin Wochenschr 3:212–214

    Google Scholar 

  161. Haam von E, Awny AJ (1948) The pathology of hypersplenism. Am J Clin Pathol 18:313–322

    Google Scholar 

  162. Jandl JH (1965) Leaky red cells. Blood 26:367–382

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Jandl JD, Aster RA (1967) Increased splenic pooling and the pathogenesis of hypersplenism. Am J Med Sei 253:383–397

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Kölliker A (1852) Mikroskopische Anatomie. Spezielle Gewebelehre 2/1, Bdll. Engelmann, Leipzig

    Google Scholar 

  165. Lauda E (1955) Die Milz — ein inkretorisches Organ. Bibl Haemat 3:3–21

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  166. Moeschlin S (1956) Physiopathologie des Hypersplenismus. Helv Med Acta 23:416–441

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Motulsky AG, Casserd F, Giblett ER, Broun GO, Finch CA (1958) Anemia and the spleen (concluded). N Engl J Med 259:1215–1219

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Prankerd TAJ (1960) Studies on the pathogenesis of haemolysis in hereditary spherocytosis. Quart J Med 29:199–208

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Prankerd TAJ (1963) The spleen and anaemia. Br Med J 11:517–524

    Article  Google Scholar 

  170. Reed IL, Barry P, Wong H, Greenberg MS (1966) Granulocyte turnover in patients with cirrhosis. Clin Res 14:325

    Google Scholar 

  171. Richards JMD, Toghill PJ (1967) The distribution of erythrocytes in the human spleen in health and disease. J Pathol Bact 93:653–660

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Rohr K (1956) Milzstrukturen bei verschiedenen Hypersplenismussyndromen. Helv Med Acta 23:462–468

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Rohrer C, Ami U, Deubelbeiss KA (1983) Influence of the spleen on the distribution of blood neutrophils. Quantitative studies in the rat. Scand J Haematol 30:103–109

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Schmid-Schönbein H (1979) Hemorrheological aspects of splenic function. In: Lennert K, Harms D (Hrsg) Die Milz/ The Spleen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 67–80

    Google Scholar 

  175. Stutte HJ (1974) Hypersplenismus und Milzstruktur. Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  176. Stutte HJ, Ezumi K (1969) Die Rolle der Milz bei hämolytischen Erkrankungen. Blut 19:99–113

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Stutte HJ, Heusermann U (1972) Splenomegaly and red blood cell destruction: a morphometric study on the human spleen. Virchows Arch Abt B Zellpathol 12:1–21

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Teir H, Wikström S (1970) Milz und Granulozytenhaushalt. In: Lennert K, Harms D (Hrsg) Die Milz/The Spleen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 317–329

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  179. Teitel P (1967) Corrélations entre les caractéristiques mi-crorhéologiques (filtrabilité) des globules rouges et leur séquestration splénique et hépatique. Nouv Rev Franç Hémat 7:321–338

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Tizianello A, Pannacciuli I (1959) The effect of splenomegaly on dilution curves of tagged erythrocytes and red blood cell volume. Comparative studies on normal anaemic and splenomegalic patients. Acta Haemat 21:346–359

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Toghill PJ (1964) Red cell pooling in enlarged spleens. Br J Haemat 10:347–357

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Toghill PJ (1969) The spleen as an arteriovenous shunt. Lancet 1:532

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Weed RI, Weiss L (1966) The relationship of red cell fragmentation occurring within the spleen to cell destruction. Trans Ass Am Phycns 79:426–438

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Weiterführende Literatur (⊳ S. 551)

    Google Scholar 

  185. Beutler E, Dem RJ, Alving AS (1955) The hemolytic effect of primaquine. Ann J Lab Clin Med 45:40–50

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Bisno AL, Freeman JC (1970) The syndrome of asplenia: pneumococcal sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Ann Intern Med 72:389–393

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Boxer MA, Braun J, Ellman L (1978) Thromboembolic risk of postsplenectomy thrombocytosis. Arch Surg 113:808–813

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Brown EJ, Hosea SW, Frank MM (1981) The role of the spleen in experimental pneumococcal bacteremia. J Clin Invest 67:975–982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Carlisle HN, Saslaw S (1959) Properdin levels in splenectomized persons. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 102:150–155

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Chaimoff C, Douer D, Pick IA, Pinkas J (1978) Serum immunoglobulin changes after accidental splenectomy in adults. Am J Surg 136:332–333

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Crosby WH (1959) Normal functions of the spleen relative to red blood cells. Blood 14:399–408

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. Crosby WH (1963) Hyposplenism: An inquiry into normal function of the spleen. Ann Rev Med 14:349–370

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Francke EL, Neu HC (1981) Postsplenectomy infection. Surg Clin North Am 61:135–155

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Giraldi T, Sava G, Kopitar M, Brzin J, Suhar A, Turk V (1981) Antimetastatic effects and tumor proteinase inhibition by spleen intracellular inhibitors of neutral proteinases. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 17:1301–1306

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Hirsh J, McBride JA, Dacie JV (1966) Thrombo-embolism and increased platelet adhesiveness in postsplenectomy thrombocytosis. Austral Ann Med 15:122–128

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Hittmair A (1969) Die Physiologie und Pathologie der Milz. Forschungsergebnisse der letzten 20 Jahre. Urban & Schwarzenberg, München Berlin Wien

    Google Scholar 

  197. King DR, Lobe TE, Haase GM, Boles ET (1981) Selective management of injured spleen. Surg 90:677–682

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. King H, Shumacker HB (1952) Splenic studies: I. Susceptibility to infection after splenectomy performed in infancy. Ann Surg 136:239–242

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. Krivit W (1977) Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection. Ann JHematol 2:191–201

    Google Scholar 

  200. Krivit W, Giebink GS, Leonard A (1979) Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection. Surg Clin North Am 59:223–233

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. Lanng Nielsen J, Haahr S (1982) Interferon production, cellular and humoral immunity in splenectomized patients. Scand J Haematol 29:168–174

    Google Scholar 

  202. Löffler H (1970) Milz und Erythrozytenbildung. In: Lennert K, Harms D (Hrsg) Die Milz/The Spleen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 196–204

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  203. McBride JA, Dacie JV, Shapley R (1968) The effect of splenectomy on the leucocyte count. Br J Haematol 14:225–231

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. Melamed I, Zakuth V, Tzechoval E, Spirer Z (1982) Suppressor T cell activity in splenectomized subjects. J Clin Lab Immunol 7:173–177

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. Mitterstieler G, Müller W, Hammerer I, Höpfel-Kreiner I (1978) Disseminierte intravasale Gerinnung bei Pneumokokkensepsis nach Splenektomie. Z Kinderchir 25:8–15

    Google Scholar 

  206. Mondorf W, Lennert KA, Kollmar M (1970) Zur Immun-globulinbildung in der menschlichen Milz. In: Lennert K, Harms D (Hrsg) Die Milz/The Spleen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 162–165

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  207. Nordøy A, Neset G (1968) Splenectomy in hematologie diseases. Acta Med Scand 183:117–126

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  208. Patel J, Williams JS, Shmigel B, Hinshaw JR (1981) Preservation of splenic function by autotransplantation of traumatized spleen in man. Surg 90:683–688

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. Pedersen FK, Henrichsen J, Schiffman G (1982) Antibody response to vaccination with pneumococcal capsular poly-saccharides in splenectomized children. Acta Paediatr Scand 71:451–455

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. Polhill RB, Johnston RB (1975) Diminished alternative complement pathway after splenectomy. Pediatr Res 9:333

    Google Scholar 

  211. Robinette CD, Fraumeni JF (1977) Splenectomy and subsequent mortality in veterans of 1939-1945 war. Lancet 11:127–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  212. Selwyn JG (1955) Heinz bodies in red cells after splenectomy and after phenacetin administration. Br J Haemat 1:173–183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. Seufert RM (1983) Die Chirurgie der Milz. Enke, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  214. Seufert RM, Böttcher W, Münz D, Heusermann U (1981) Erste klinische Erfahrungen mit der heterotopen Autotransplantation der Milz. Chirurg 52:525–530

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. Sherman R (1980) Perspectives in management of trauma to the spleen. J Trauma 20:1–13

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. Singer DB (1973) Postsplenectomy sepsis. In: Rosenberg HS, Bolande RP (eds) Perspectives of pediatrie pathology, vol I. Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago, pp 285–305

    Google Scholar 

  217. Spector BD, Perry III GS, Good RA, Kersey JH (1978) Immundeficiency diseases and malignancy. In: Twomey JJ, Good RA (Hrsg) The immuno-pathology of lymphoreticular neoplasms. Comprehensive immunology, vol 4. Plenum, New York London

    Google Scholar 

  218. Spirer Z, Häuser GJ, Hazar B, Joshua H (1980) Autoimmune antibodies after splenectomy. Acta Haemat 63:230–233

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. Sullivan JL, Ochs HD, Schiffman G et al (1978) Immune response after splenectomy. Lancet 1:178–181

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  220. Syrjänen KJ (1980a) Spleen white pulp morphology in evaluation of immunologie reactivity of patients with widespread colorectal carcinoma. Dis Col Rect 23:228–235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  221. Syrjänen KJ (1980b) Morphology of the spleen in women who died of metastatic genital tract cancer. Arch Gynecol 230:33–40

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  222. Schwartz PE, Sterioff S, Mucha P, Melton III LJ, Offord KP (1982) Postsplenectomy sepsis and mortality in adults. JAMA 248:2279–2283

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  223. Starksen NF, Day AT, Gazzaniga AB (1978) Does splenectomy result in a higher incidence of limb deep venous thrombosis? Am J Surg 135:202–207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. Sträuli P (1970) Häufigkeit und Morphologie der Tumormetastasierung in der Milz. In: Lennert K, Harms D (Hrsg) Die Milz/The Spleen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 406–416

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  225. Tootla FS, Gennaro A, Malmud L (1979) Splenomegalie with carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Surg Gyn Obst 148:412–414

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. Westerhausen M, Wörsdörfer O, Gessner U, De Giuli Senn HJ (1981) Immunological changes following posttraumatic splenectomy. Blut 43:345–353

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. Wiedermann B, Wondrák E (1962) Hämatologische und einige andere Befunde beim Milzverlust des Gesunden. Z Ges Inn Med 17:20–26

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  228. Anonymus: Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of infection in patients with an absent or dysfunctional spleen. Working party of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Clinical Haematology Task Force. BMJ 1996; 312:430–434

    Google Scholar 

  229. Buyukunal C, Danismend N, Yeker D (1987) Spleen-saving procedures in pediatrie splenic trauma. Br J Surg 74:350–352

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. Gordon DH, Schaffner D, Bennett JM, Schwartz SI (1978) Postsplenectomy thrombocytosis: Its association with mesenteric, portal and/or renal vein thrombosis in patients with myeloproliferative disorders. Arch Surg 113:713–715

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Griffith JP, Sue-Ling HM, Martin I et al (1995) Preservation of the spleen improves survival after radical surgery for gastric cancer. Gut 36:684–690

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  232. Holdsworth RJ, Cushieri A (1994) The epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention of postsplenectomy sepsis. In: Cushieri A, Forbes CD (eds) Disorders of the spleen. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 229–239

    Google Scholar 

  233. Holdsworth RJ (1991) Regeneration of the spleen and splenic autotransplantation: Br J Surg 78:270–278

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. Lortan JE (1993) Management of asplenic patients. Br J Haematol 84:566–569

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. Pimpl W, Dapunt O, Kaindl H, Thalhammer J (1989) Incidence of septic and thromboembolic related deaths after splenectomy in adults. Br J Surg 76:517–521

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. Schaefer HE (1991) Tumoren bei Immundefekten. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 75:80–97

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  237. Weiterführende Literatur (⊳ S. 551)

    Google Scholar 

  238. Chandra RS (1974) Biliary atresia and other structural anomalies in the congenital polysplenia syndrome. J Pediatr 85:649–655

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  239. Cotelingham JD, Saito R (1978) Hepatolienal fusion: case report of an unusual lesion. Hum Pathol 9:234–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  240. Freedom RM (1972) The asplenia syndrome: a review of significant extracardiac structural abnormalities in 29 necropsied patients. Pediatrics 81:1130–1133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  241. Gonzalez-Crussi F, Raibley S, Ballantine TVN, Grosfeld JL (1977) Splenorenal fusion: heterotopia simulating a renal neoplasm. Am J Dis Child 131:994–996

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  242. Hutchins GM, Moore GW, Lipford EH, Haupt HM, Cooley Walker M (1983) Asplenia and polysplenia malformation complexes by abnormal embryonic body curvature. Pathol Res Pract 177:60–76

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  243. Ivemark BJ (1955) Implication of agenesis of the spleen on the pathogenesis of conotruncus anomalies in childhood. An analysis of the heart malformations in the splenic agenesis syndrome with fourteen new cases. Acta Paediat 44, Suppl 104:7–110

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. Maksem JA (1980) Polysplenia syndrome and splenic hyperplasia associated with extrahepatic biliary atresia. Arch Pathol Lab Med 104:212–214

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  245. Mishalany H, Mahnovsky V, Wolley M (1982) Congenital asplenia and anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract. Surg 91:38–41

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. Putschar WGJ, Manion WC (1956) Splenic-gonadal fusion. Cancer 32:15–34

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  247. Schidlow DV, Karz SM, Turtz MG, Donner RM, Capasso S (1982) Polysplenia and Kartagener Syndromes in a sibship: Association with abnormal respiratory cilia. J Pediatr 100:401–403

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  248. Schwarze E-W, Sörensen N, Drescher J (1974) Zur diagnostischen Bedeutung des roten Blutbildes bei Ivemark-Syn-drom (Alienie), dargestellt an 4 Fällen. Z Kinderheilk 118:163–174

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  249. Teichberg S, Markowitz J, Silverberg M et al (1982) Abnormal cilia in a child with the polysplenia syndrome and extrahepatic biliary atresia. J Pediatr 100:399–401

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  250. Allen KB, Andrews G (1989) Pediatric wandering spleenthe case for splenopexy: review of 35 reported cases in the literature. J Pediatr Surg 24:432

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  251. Anderson C, Devine WA, Anderson RH (1990) Abnormalities of the spleen in relation to congenital malformations of the heart: a survey of necropsy findings in children. Br Heart J 63:122–128

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  252. Debich DE, Devine WA, Anderson RH (1990) Polysplenia with normally structured hearts. Am J Cardiol 65:1274–1275

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. Kameoka H, Yamada R, Sonoda T, Okuyama A (1993) Splenic gonadal fusion with persistent mullerian duct syndrome. Urol Int 50:170–173

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  254. Kevy SV, Tefft M, Wanter GF, Rosen FS (1968) Hereditary splenic hypoplasia. Pediatr 42:752–757

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  255. Redmond HP, Redmond JM, Rooney BP et al (1989) Surgical anatomy of the human spleen. Br J Surg 76:198–201

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  256. Weiterführende Literatur (⊳ S. 551)

    Google Scholar 

  257. Atkinson JP, Frank MM (1975) Complement-independent clearance of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes: inhibition by cortisone. Blood 44:629–637

    Google Scholar 

  258. Bensinger TA, Keller AR, Merrell LF, O’Leary DS (1971) Thorotrast-induced reticuloendothelial blockade in man. Am JMed 51:663–668

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  259. Boyko WJ, Pratt R, Wass H (1982) Functional hyposplenism, a diagnostic clue in amyloidosis. Am J Clin Pa-thol 77:745–748

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  260. Coleman CN, McDougall R, Daily MO et al (1982) Functional hyposplenia after splenic irradiation for Hodgkin’s disease. Ann Intern Med 96:AA–A1

    Google Scholar 

  261. Cooper JH, Haq BM, Bagnell H (1969) Intrafollicular hyalinosis and arterial hyalinosis of the spleen: histochemical and immunofluorescence studies. J Pathol Bact 98:193–199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  262. Crome P, Mollison PL (1964) Splenic destruction of Rh-sensitized and of heated red cells. Br J Haemat 10:137–154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  263. Daily MO, Coleman CN, Kaplan HS (1980) Radiation-induced splenic atrophie in patients with Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. N Engl J Med 302:215–217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  264. Dameshek W (1955) Hyposplenism. JAMA 157:613

    Article  Google Scholar 

  265. Guyton JR, Zumwalt RE (1975) Pneumococcia with sar-coid-infiltrated spleen. Ann Intern Med 68:848

    Google Scholar 

  266. Heusermann U (1982) Follikelfibrinein degenerativer Prozeß der dendritischen Retikulumzellen? Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 66:600

    Google Scholar 

  267. Jewell DP, Berney JJ, Pettit JE (1981) Splenic phagocytic function in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Pathology 13:717–723

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  268. Lubarsch O (1927) Pathologische Anatomie der Milz. In: Henke F, Lubarsch O (Hrsg) Handbuch der speziellen pathologischen Anatomie und Histologie, BdI/2. Springer, Berlin, S 452–456

    Google Scholar 

  269. Marsh GW, Lewis SM, Szur L (1966) The use of 51Crlabelled heat-damaged red cells to study splenic function. II. Splenic atrophy in thrombocythaemia. Br J Haematol 12:167–171

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  270. Marsh GW, Stewart JS (1970) Splenic function in adult coeliac disease. Br J Haematol 19:445–457

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  271. Martin JB, Bell HE (1965) The association of splenic atrophy and intestinal malabsorption: report of a case and review of the literature. Can Med Assoc J 92:875–878

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  272. Pearson HA, Cornelius EA, Schwartz AD et al (1970) Transfusion-reversible functional asplenia in young children with sicklecell anemia. N Engl J Med 283:334–337

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  273. Pearson HA, Spencer RP, Cornelius EA (1969) Functional asplenia in sicklecell anemia. N Engl J Med 281:923–926

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  274. Pettit JE, Hoffbrand AV, Seah PP (1972) Splenic atrophy in dermatitis herpetiformis. Br Med J 11:438–440

    Article  Google Scholar 

  275. Ryan FP, Smart RC, Holdworth CD, Preston FE (1978) Hyposplenism in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 19:50–55

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  276. Stein H, Gerdes J, Mason DY (1982) The normal and malignant germinal centre. Clin Haematol 11:531–559

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  277. Stone MJ, Frenkel EP (1975) The clinical spectrum of light chain myeloma. Am J Med 58:601–619

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  278. Stutte HJ, Schlüter E (1972) Zur Ätiologie von Fibrinpräzipitaten in den Lymphfollikeln der menschlichen Milz. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat 356:32–41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  279. Wardrop CAJ, Lee FD, Dyet JF, Dagg JH, Singh H, Moffat A (1975) Immunological abnormalities in splenic atrophy. Lancet 11:4–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  280. Hersey P, Lawrence S, Prendegast D et al (1983) Association of Sjögren’s syndrome with C4 deficiency, defective reticuloendothelial function and circulating immune complexes. Clin Exp Immunol 52:551–560

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  281. Knecht H, Jost R, Gmur J et al (1988) Functional hyposplenia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is detected by epinephrine stimulation test and splenic ultrasonography. Eur J Haematol 41:382–387

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  282. O’Grady JG, Stevens FM, Harding B et al (1984) Hyposplenism and glutensensitive enteropathy. Natural history, incidence and relationship to diet and small bowel morphology. Gastroenterology 87:1326–1331

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  283. Serjeant GR (1992) The Spleen. In: Sickle cell disease, 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p 135

    Google Scholar 

  284. Williams BD, Pussell BA, Lockwood CM, Cotton C (1979) Defective retikuloendothelial system function in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1:1311–1314

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  285. Wilson WA, Perez MC, Marwah R et al (1989) Scintigra-phic quantitation of splenic function in SLE: correlation with IgM levels in serum. Clin Exp Rheumatol 7:251–255

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  286. Weiterführende Literatur (⊳ S. 551)

    Google Scholar 

  287. Bruton OC (1952) Agammaglobulinaemia. Pediatrics 9:722–728

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  288. Carr I, Hancock BW, Henry L, Milford Ward A (1977) Lymphoreticular tissue. Blackwell, Oxford London Edinburgh Melbourne

    Google Scholar 

  289. Di George AM (1965) Diskussionsbemerkung. J Pediatr 67:907–908

    Article  Google Scholar 

  290. Glanzmannn E, Riniker P (1950) Essentielle Lymphocytophthise. Ein neues Krankheitsbild aus der Säuglingspathologie. Ann Pediatr 175:1–32

    Google Scholar 

  291. Gottlieb MS, Schroff R, Schranker HM, Weisman JD, Fan PT, Wolf RA, Saxon A (1981) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men: evidence for a new acquired cellular immunodeficiency. N Engl J Med 305:1425–1431

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  292. Reichert CM, O’Leary TJ, Levens DL, Simrell CR, Macher AM (1983) Autopsy pathology in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am J Pathol 112:357–382

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  293. Schmidts HL, Prosek H, Schneider M, Berger K, Hübner K (1983) Obduktionsbefunde bei erworbenem Immundefektsyndrom (AIDS). Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 67:740

    Google Scholar 

  294. Taitz LS, Zorate Salvador C, Schwartz E (1966) Congenital absence of the parathyroid and thymus glands in an infant (III and IV Pharyngeal Pouch Syndrome). Pediatrics 38:412–418

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  295. Wallace JI, Coral FS, Rimm IJ, Lane H, Levine H, Reinherz EL, Schlossman SE, Sonnabend J (1982) T-cell ratios in homosexuals. Lancet 1:908

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  296. Burke AP, Benson W, Ribas JL et al (1993) Postmortem localization of HIV-1 RNA by in situ hybridization in lym-phoid tissues of intravenous drug addicts who died unexpectedly. Am J Pathol 142:1701–1713

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  297. Falk S, Müller H, Stutte HJ (1988) The spleen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An autopsy study of 75 cases. Pathol Res Pract 183:425–433

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  298. Falk S Stutte HJ (1990) The spleen in HIV-infection — Morphological evidence of HIV-associated macrophage dysfunction. Res Virol 141:161–169

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  299. Klatt EC, Meyer PR (1987) Pathology of the spleen in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Pathol Lab Med 111:1050–1053

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  300. Madea B, Roewert HJ, Krueger GR (1990) Search for early lesions following human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. A study of six individuals whod died a violent death after seroconversion. Arch Path Lab Med 114:379–382

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  301. Müller H, Falk S, Stutte HJ (1986) Accessory cells as primary target of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. J Clin Pathol 39:1161

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  302. Müller-Hermelink HK, Müller J (1991) Die angeborenen Immundefekte. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 75:32–50

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  303. Nézelof C, Jammet ML, Lortholary B et al (1964) L’hypoplasie héréditaire du thymus. Sa place et sa responsabilité dans une observation d’aplasie lymphocytaire normoplasmocytaire et normoglobulinémique du nourisson. Arch Fr Pediatr 21:897–920

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  304. Rousselet MC, Audouin J, Le Tourneau A et al (1988) Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in patients at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: histopathology, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural study of six spleens. Arch Pathol Lab Med 112:1242–1250

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  305. van Houte J, Schuurman HJ, van der Meer J et al (1990) The periarteriolar lymphocyte sheat in immunodeficiency T-or B-lymphocyte area? Am J Clin Pathol 94:318–322

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  306. Walsh CM, Karpatkin S (1990) Thrombocytopenia and human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection. Sem Oncol 17:367–374

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  307. Weiterführende Literatur (⊳ S. 551)

    Google Scholar 

  308. Heusermann U, Stutte HJ (1977) Die tieferen Lymphgefäße in der menschlichen Milz und ihre pathologisch-anatomischen Aspekte. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 61:469

    Google Scholar 

  309. da Silva Horta J (1967) Late effects of thorotrast on the liver and spleen and their efferent lymph nodes. Ann NY Acad Sei 145:676–699

    Article  Google Scholar 

  310. Wegener K, Wesch H, Kampmann H (1976) Investigations into human thorotrastosis. Tissue concentrations of 232-Th and late effects in 13 autopsy cases. Virchows Arch A 371:131–143

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  311. Arrive L, Thurnher S, Hricak H, Price DC (1990) Magnetic resonance imaging of splenic iron overload. Eur J Radiol 10:98–104

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  312. Buck FS, Koss MN (1992) Splenic amyloidosis, correlations between chemical types of amyloid protein and morphological features (letter). Mod Pathol 5:97

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  313. Chen KT, Flam MS, Workman RD (1987) Amyloid tumor of the spleen. Am J Surg Pathol 11:723–725

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  314. Falk S, Krishnan J, Meis JM (1993) Primary angiosarcoma of the spleen. A clinicopathologic study of 40 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 17:959–970

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  315. Gal R, Korzets A, Schwartz A et al (1994) Systemic distributions of beta 2-microglobulin-derived amyloidosis in patients who undergo long-term hemodialysis. Report of seven cases and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med 118:718–721

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  316. Lefevre ME, Green FH, Joel DD, Laqueur W (1992) Frequency of black pigment in livers and spleens of coal workers: correlation with pulmonary pathology and occupational information. Hum Pathol 13:1121–1125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  317. Ohyama T, Shimokama T, Yoshikawa Y, Watanabe T (1990) Splenic amyloidosis: correlations between chemical types of amyloid protein and morphological features. Mod Pathol 3:419–422

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  318. Seo IS, Li CY (1995) Hyposplenic blood picture in systemic amyloidosis. Its absence is not a predictable sign for absence of splenic involvement. Arch Pathol Lab Med 119:252–254

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  319. Tedeschi LG (1971) Gamna nodule. Hum Pathol 2:182–183

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  320. Weiterführende Literatur (⊳ S. 551)

    Google Scholar 

  321. Daems WTh (1976) On the role of the electron microscope in the identification of lysosomes. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 60:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  322. Elleder M (1979) Alkaline phosphatase activity induction in human spleen sinuses in storage diseases. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol 32:89–92

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  323. Gedigk P, Totovie V (1976) Lysosomen und Pigmente. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 60:64–94

    Google Scholar 

  324. Gitzelmann R, Wiesmann UN, Spycher MA (1976) Lysoso-male Speicherungskrankheiten: klinische Vielfalt und genetische Heterogenität. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 60:101–105

    Google Scholar 

  325. Heusermann U, Stutte HJ (1977) Die tieferen Lymphgefäße in der menschlichen Milz und ihre pathologisch-anatomischen Aspekte. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 61:469

    Google Scholar 

  326. Langer KH (1976) Lysosomen und Heterophagie. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 60:9–27

    Google Scholar 

  327. Lynn R, Terry RD (1964) Lipid histochemistry and electron microscopy in adult Niemann-Pick disease. Am J Med 37:987–994

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  328. Marie JP, Thulliez M, Tricottet-Paczinski V, Reynes M, Diebold J (1982) Gaucher’s disease with monoclonal gammopathie. Significance of splenic plasmacytosis. Scand J Haematol 28:54–58

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  329. Moeschlin S (1947) Die Milzpunktion: Technik, diagnostische und hämatologische Ergebnisse. Schwabe, Basel, S 37–38

    Google Scholar 

  330. Pfeifer U (1976) Lysosomen und Autophagie. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 60:28–64

    Google Scholar 

  331. Reynès M, Kalifat R, Diebold J (1973) Etude ultrastructurale des histiocytes bleu marine dans une lipidose splénique idiopathique avec surcharge en céroides. Virchows Arch A Path Anat 360:349–358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  332. Rywlin AM, Lopez-Gomez A, Tachmes P, Pardo V (1971) Ceroid histiocytosis of the spleen in hyperlipemia: Relationship to the syndrome of the sea-blue histiocyte. Am J Clin Pathol 56:572–579

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  333. Salky B, Kreel I, Gelernt J, Bauer J, Aufses AH (1979) Splenectomy for Gaucher’ s disease. Ann Surg 190:592–594

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  334. Sawitzky A, Rosner F, Chodsky S (1972) The sea-blue histiocyte syndrome, a review: genetic and biochemical studies. Semin Hematol 9:285–297

    Google Scholar 

  335. Silverstein MN, Ellefson RD, Ahern EJ (1970) The syndrome of the sea-blue histiocyte. N Engl J Med 282:1–4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  336. Spycher MA, Gitzelmann R, Wiesmann UN (1976) Lysoso-male Speicherungskrankheiten: Möglichkeiten der ultrastrukturellen Diagnose. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 60:110–119

    Google Scholar 

  337. Varela-Duran J, Roholt PC, Ratliff NB (1980) Sea-blue histiocyte syndrome. Arch Pathol Lab Med 104:30–34

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  338. Wewelka F (1950) Zur Frage der „blauen“ Pigmentmakro-phagen im Sternalpunktat. Wiener Klin Wochenschr 62:788–791

    Google Scholar 

  339. Dawson PJ, Dawson G (1982) Adult Niemann-Pick disease with sea-blue histiocytes in the spleen. Hum Pathol 13:1115

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  340. Elleder M (1990) Deposition of lipopigment — a new feature of human splenic sinus endothelium (SSE). Ultrastructural and histochemical study. Virchows Arch A 416:423–428

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  341. Elleder M (1992) Foamy transformed Gaucher cells. Zen-tralbl Pathol 138:47–50

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  342. Elleder M (1994) The spleen and storage disorders. In: Cushieri A, Forbes CD (eds) Disorders of the spleen. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 151–190

    Google Scholar 

  343. Satti MB, Melha AA, al-Sohaibani MO et al (1990) Splenic foam cells: a clinico-pathologic analysis of 92 splenecto-mized patients. Acta Haematol 83:9–15

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  344. Yamadori I, Morikawa T, Kobayashi S, Ohmori M (1990) Gaucher’s disease type I. Report of a case with prominent deposition of ceroid in splenic endothelial cells and intestinal smooth muscle fibers. Acta Pathol Jpn 40:425–430

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  345. Weiterführende Literatur (⊳ S. 551)

    Google Scholar 

  346. Bachner U, Etzel F, Lange C-E, Marsteller HJ, Veltman G (1974) Hämostaseologische Aspekte bei der Vinylchlorid-Krankheit. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 99:2409–2411

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  347. Ball J, Davson J (1949) Splenic lesions in periarteritis nodosa. J Pathol Bact 61:569–580

    Article  Google Scholar 

  348. Banti E (1894) La splenomegalia con cirrosi epatica. Lo sperimentale sez biol 48

    Google Scholar 

  349. Banti E (1898) Splenomegalie mit Lebercirrhose. Beitr Pathol Anat 24:21–33

    Google Scholar 

  350. Redford PD, Lodge B (1960) Aneurysm of the splenic artery. Gut 1:312–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  351. Boijsen E, Efsing H-Ø (1967) Intrasplenic arterial aneurysm following splenoportal phlebography. Act Radiol 6:487–496

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  352. Collins RD, Neiman RS (1983) Granulomatous diseases of the spleen. In: Joachim HL (Hrsg) Pathology of granulomas. Raven Press, New York, pp 189–207

    Google Scholar 

  353. Feitis H (1921) Über multiple Nekrosen in der Milz. Beitr Pathol Anat Allg Pathol 68:297–332

    Google Scholar 

  354. Gross R, Parwaresch MR (Berichterstatter; 1970) Gibt es eine splenopathische Markhemmung und einen Morbus Banti? In: Lennert K, Harms D (Hrsg) Die Milz/The Spleen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 419–431

    Google Scholar 

  355. Hammer B, Horisberger B, Siebenmann R (1967) Das Aneurysma der Milzarterie. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 97:278–283

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  356. Harms D, Lehmann H (1969) Untersuchungen über die periphere Mikrothrombose in einem unausgewählten Sektionsgut. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat 247:57–68

    Google Scholar 

  357. Harms D, Pape GR, Bohle A (1973) Pathologische Anatomie des Waterhouse-Friderichsen-Syndroms unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der disseminierten intravaskulären Koagulation. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 98:542–547

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  358. Heusermann U, Stutte HJ (1977a) Enzymhistochemische, histochemische und ultrastrukturelle Untersuchungen von Milzen bei der Vinylchlorid-Krankheit. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol 375:303–317

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  359. Heusermann U, Stutte HJ (1977b) Zur Ätiologie der Thrombozytopenie bei der Vinylchlorid-Krankheit. Blut 35:317–322

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  360. Jäger E (1937) Milzbau und Kreislaufstörung. 1. Ein Beitrag zur Entstehung von Milzveränderungen bei Stauungszuständen im Pfortadersystem. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat 299:531–552

    Article  Google Scholar 

  361. Jühe S, Lange C-E (1972) Sklerodermieartige Hautveränderungen, Raynaud-Syndrom und Akroosteolysen bei Arbeitern der PVC-herstellenden Industrie. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 49:1922–1923

    Google Scholar 

  362. Kojima M, Takahashi K (1971) Pathological study on the changes of lymphatic tissues in shock with special reference to secondary nodule lesions. Acta Pathol Jap 21:387–403

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  363. Lange C-E, Jühe S, Stein G, Veitmann G (1974) Die sogenannte Vinylchlorid-Krankeit — eine berufsbedingte Systemsklerose? Int Arch Arbeitsmed 32:1–32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  364. Lehmann H, Klein UE, Stutte HJ (1980) Die Lebervenen-verschlußkrankheiten. Klinik und Diagnostik des Budd-Chiari-Syndroms. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 110:314–323

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  365. Moore SW, Lewis RJ (1961) Splenic artery aneurysm. Ann Surg 153:1033–1046

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  366. O’Grady JP, Day EJ, Toole AL, Paust JC (1977) Splenic artery aneurysm rupture in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 50:627–630

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  367. Remmele W, Harms D (1968) Zur pathologischen Anatomie des Kreislaufschocks beim Menschen. I. Mikrothrombose der peripheren Blutgefäße. Klin Wochenschr 46:352–357

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  368. Shaw EC, Arbegast NR, Schmalhorst WR (1973) Splenic artery aneurysm. Arch Surg 106:660–662

    Article  Google Scholar 

  369. Stutte HJ, Heusermann U (1977) Die Milz bei der Vinylchlorid-Krankheit. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 61:468

    Google Scholar 

  370. Stutte HJ, Heusermann U (1978) Die Innervation der menschlichen Milz und ihre pathophysiologische Bedeutung insbesondere für die Milzveränderungen beim hämorrhagischen Schock. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 62:300

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  371. Trastek VF, Pairolero PC, Joyce JW, Hollier LH, Bernatz PE (1982) Splenic artery aneurysm. Surg 91:694–699

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  372. Vos LJM, Potocky V, Broker FHL, De Vries JA, Postma L, Edens E (1974) Splenic vein thrombosis with eosophageal varices: a late complication of umbilical vein catheterization. Ann Surg 180:152–156

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  373. Ayalon A, Wiesner RH, Perkins JD et al (1988) Splenic artery aneurysms in liver transplant patients. Transplantation 45:386–389

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  374. Benhamou J-P, Valla D (1991) Intrahepatic portal hypertension. In: Mclntyre N, Benhamou J-P, Bircher J, Rizetto M, Rodes J (eds) Oxford textbook of clinical hepatology, vol 1. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 400–407

    Google Scholar 

  375. Easter DW, Cushieri A (1994) The spleen and disorders of its circulation. In: Cushieri A, Forbes CD (eds) Disorders of the spleen. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 139–144

    Google Scholar 

  376. Howat AJ, Variend S (1986) Nuclear fragmentation and epitheloid change of germinal centers in lymphoid tissue of child deaths. Pediatr Pathol 5:125–134

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  377. Lowry SM, O’Dea TP, Gallagher DI, Mozenter R (1986) Splenic artery aneurysm rupture: the seventh instance of maternal and fetal survival. Obstet Gynecol 67:291–292

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  378. Maesawa C, Sakuma T, Sato T, Masuda T, Murooka G, Satodate R (1995) Structural characteristic of splenic sinuses in idiopathic portal hypertension. Pathol Int 45:642–648

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  379. Merkel C, Gatta A, Arnaboldi L, Zuin R (1985) Splenic haemodynamics and portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis and spleen enlargement. Clin Physiol 5:531–539

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  380. Ohta M, Hashizume M, Tanoue K et al (1992) Splenic hyperkinetic state and splenic artery aneurysm. Hepato-Gastroenterol 39:529–532

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  381. Tarn TN, Lai KH, Tsau YT et al (1988) Huge splenic artery aneurysm after portocaval shunt. J Clin Gastroenterol 1:565–568

    Google Scholar 

  382. Weiterführende Literatur (⊳ S. 551)

    Google Scholar 

  383. Barbacci O (1896) Über die feineren histologischen Alterationen der Milz, der Lymphdrüsen und der Leber bei der Diphtherie-Infektion. Zbl Allg Path pathol Anat 7:321–358

    Google Scholar 

  384. Carter RK, Penman HG (1969) Infectious mononucleosis. Blackwell, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  385. Chino F, Kodama H, Ohkawa T, Egashira Y (1979) Alterations of the thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissues in fatal measles. Acta Pathol Jap 29:493–507

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  386. Chun CH, Raff MJ, Contreras L, Varghese R, Waterman N, Daffner R, Melo JC (1980) Splenic abscess. Medicine 59:50–65

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  387. Gowing NFC (1975) Infectious mononucleosis: Histopatho-logic aspects. In: Sommers SC (ed) Pathology Annual. Ap-pleton-Century-Crofts, New York, pp 1–20

    Google Scholar 

  388. Hübner K, Röttger P (1970) Milz und Lymphknoten bei der Marburger Affenkrankheit. In: Lennert K, Harms D (Hrsg) Die Milz/The Spleen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 188–195

    Google Scholar 

  389. Marcial-Rojas RA, Moreno E (1971) Pathology of protozoal and helminthic diseases with clinical correlation. Williams & Walkins, Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  390. Sarr MG, Zuidema GD (1982) Splenic abscess: presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Surg 92:480–485

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  391. Smith EB, Custer RP (1946) Rupture of spleen in infectious mononucleosis. Blood 1:317–333

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  392. Sun T (1982) Pathology and clinical features of parasitic diseases. Masson, New York Paris Barcelona Milan Mexico City Rio de Janeiro

    Google Scholar 

  393. Schleussing H (1927) Nekrosen in Leber, Milz und Nebennieren bei nicht vereiterten Varizellen. Verh Dtsch Pathol Ges 22:288–292

    Google Scholar 

  394. Schnitzer B, Sodeman TM, Mead ML, Contacos PG (1973) An ultrastructural study of the red pulp of the spleen in malaria. Blood 41:207–218

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  395. Tapp E (1969) Ruptured spleen associated with chicken-pox. Brit Med J 1:617–618

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  396. Abbondanzo SL, Sato N, Strauss SE, Jaffe ES (1990) Acute infectious mononucleosis. CD30(Ki-l) antigen expression and histologie correlations. Am J Clin Pathol 93:698–702

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  397. Bahnini A, Lebas J, Baron JC et al (1986) Absces de la rate a Salmonella typhi: une observation. Ann Med Interne 137:597–598

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  398. Berman SM, Shah B, Wyle FA (1990) Disseminated pneumocystis carinii in an patient receiving aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis. West J Med 153:82–86

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  399. Cranston HA, Boylan CW, Carrol GL et al (1984) Plasmodium falciparum maturation abolishes physiologic red cell deformability. Science 223:400

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  400. Falk S, Protz H, Köbrich U, Stutte HJ (1992) Milzruptur bei akuter Malaria tropica. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 117:854–857

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  401. Gatt D, Jantet G (1987) Perisplenitis and perinephritis in the Curtis-Fitz-Hugh syndrome. Br J Surg 74:110–112

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  402. Grois N, Mostbeck G, Scherrer R et al (1991) Hepatic and splenic abscesses — a common complication of intensive chemotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A prospective study. Ann Hematol 63:33–38

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  403. Gupta RK, Pant CS, Gangylu SK (1987) Ultrasound demonstration of amebic splenic abscess. J Clin Ultrasound 15:555–557

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  404. Lai P, Popple AW (1984) Spontaneous rupture of chicken-pox spleen. Br J Surg 71:351–352

    Google Scholar 

  405. Looareesuwan S, Ho M, Wattanagoon Y et al (1987) Dynamic alteration in splenic function during acute falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 317:675

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  406. Massad M, Murr M, Razzouk B et al (1988) Spontaneous splenic rupture in an adult with mumps. A case report. Surgery 103:332–333

    Google Scholar 

  407. McCully RM, Barron CN, Cheever AW (1976) Schistoso-miasis. In: Binford CH, Connor DH (eds) Pathology of tropical and extraordinary disease, vol 2. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington DC, pp 482–508

    Google Scholar 

  408. Mercer JA, Wiley CA, Spector DH (1988) Pathogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus infection: identification of infected cells in the spleen during acute and latent infections. J Virol 62:987–997

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  409. Nakazawa S, Brown AE, Maeno Y, Smith CD, Aikawa M (1994) Malaria-induced increase of splenic gamma delta T cells in humans, monkeys, and mice. Exp Parasitol 79:391–398

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  410. Cast CC, Colodro IH, Cohen AH (1986) Splenic immune deposits in bacterial endocarditis. Clin Immunol Immuno-pathol 40:209–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  411. Oren R, Schnur LF, Ben Jehuda D et al (1991) Visceral leishmaniasis: a difficult diagnosis and unusual causative agent. J Infect Dis 164:746–749

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  412. Pelletier LL, Petersdorf RG (1977) Infective endocarditis, a review of 125 cases from the University of Washington hospitals 1963-1977. Medicine 56:287–313

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  413. Pringle SD, McCartney AC, Cobbe SM (1988) Spontaneous splenic rupture as complication of infective endocarditis. Int J Cardiol 19:384–386

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  414. Rockley PF, Wilcox CM, Moynihan M et al (1994) Splenic infection simulating lymphoma: an unusual presentation of disseminated Pneumocystis cariini infection. South Med J 87:530–536

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  415. Rotman N, Kracht M, Mathieu D, Fagniez PL (1989) Ab-sces de la rate: diagnostique et traitement. A propos de douze cas. Ann Chir 13:203–206

    Google Scholar 

  416. Santa Cruz DJ (ed) (1989) Pneumocystis carinii infection. Seminars in diagnostic pathology, vol 6(3). Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  417. Schmidt H, Fischedick AR, Peters PE, von Lengerke HJ (1986) Candida-Abszesse in Leber und Milz. Sonogra-phische und computertomographische Morphologie. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 111:816–820

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  418. Sherman ME, Albrecht M, De Girolami PC et al (1987) Lactobacillus. An unusual case of splenis abscess and sepsis in an immuncompromised host. Am J Clin Pathol 88:659–662

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  419. Smith EB, Custer RP (1946) Rupture of the spleen in infectious mononucleosis; clinicopathological report of 7 cases. Blood 1:317–333

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  420. Sparks AK, Connor DH, Neafie RC (1976) Echinococcosis. In: Binford CH, Connor DH (eds) Pathology of tropical and extraordinary disease, vol 2. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington DC, pp 530–531

    Google Scholar 

  421. Unger PD, Rosenblum M, Krown SE (1988) Disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Hum Pathol 19:113–116

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  422. Wagner P, Snale B (1975) Amebic abscess of the liver and spleen pregnancy and puerperium. Obstet Gynecol 45:562–565

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  423. Warren DA, Molyneux ME, Beales PF (1990) Severe and complicated malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84 (Suppl 2): 1–65

    Google Scholar 

  424. Wolff MJ, Bitran J, Northland RG, Levy IL (1991) Splenic abscesses due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with AIDS. Rev Infect Dis 13:373–375

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  425. Zingman BS, Viner BL (1993) Splenic complications in malaria: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis 16:223–232

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  426. Weiterführende Literatur (⊳ S. 551)

    Google Scholar 

  427. von Albertini A, Lieberherr W (1937) Beiträge zur pathologischen Anatomie der Febris undulans Bang. Frankf Z Pathol 51:69–97

    Google Scholar 

  428. Baker RD (1971) The pathologie anatomy of mycoses. In: Uehlinger E (Hrsg) Handbuch der speziellen pathologischen Anatomie und Histologie, BdIII/5. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  429. Boitnott JK, Margolis S (1970) Saturated hydrocarbons in human tissues. III. Oil droplets in the liver and spleen. Johns Hopkins Med J 127:65–78

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  430. Bommer J, Ritz E, Waldherr R (1981) Silicone induced splenomegaly. Treatment of pancytopenia by splenectomy in a patient on hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 305:1077–1079

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  431. Braylan RC, Long JC, Jaffe ES, Greco FA, Orr SL, Berard CW (1977) Malignant lymphoma obscured by concomitant extensive epithelioid granulomas. Report of three cases with similar clinicopathologic features. Cancer 39:1146–1155

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  432. Brincker H (1972) Sarcoid reactions and sarcoidosis in Hodgkin’s disease and other malignant lymphoma. Br J Cancer 26:120–128

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  433. Cain H, Kraus B (1983) Immunofluorescence microscopic demonstration of Vimentin filaments in asteroid bodies of sarcoidosis. Virchows Arch (Cell Pathol) 42:213–226

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  434. Collins RD, Neimann RS (1983) Granulomatous diseases of the spleen. In: Joachim HL (Hrsg) Pathology of granulomas. Raven Press, New York, pp 186–207

    Google Scholar 

  435. Edelstein AD, Miller A, Zimelman AP, Rocklin RE, Neiman RS (1978) Adult severe combined immunodeficiency and sarcoidlike granulomas with hypersplenism. Am J Hematol 5:55–62

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  436. Forbes GB (1978) Splenic lipidosis after administration of intravenous fat emulsions. J Clin Pathol 31:765–771

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  437. Goodwin RA, Shapiro JL, Thurman GH, Thurman SS, Des Prez RM (1980) Disseminated histoplasmosis: Clinical and pathologic correlations. Medicine 59:1–33

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  438. Hannos O, Myers ME (1951) Gummatous syphilitic splenomegaly. Am J Clin Pathol 21:737–742

    Google Scholar 

  439. Heim RR (1966) Zur Frage der verkalkenden Milztuberkulose bei Hypersplenismus. Zbl Allg Pathol 109:180–185

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  440. Hill K, Neidhardt M (1970) Familiäre, infantil-septische Granulomatose. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 33:1667–1678

    Article  Google Scholar 

  441. Kaiserling E, Müller-Hermelink HK, Lennert K (1980) Zur Morphologie und Pathogenese der mykobakteriellen Histiozytose. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 64:392–396

    Google Scholar 

  442. Katzenstein AA, Carrington CB, Liebow AA (1979) Lym-phomatoid granulomatosis. A clinicopathologic study of 152 cases. Cancer 43:360–373

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  443. Klemperer P (1936) The pathologic anatomy of splenomegaly. Am J Clin Pathol 6:99–159

    Google Scholar 

  444. Krempien B, Bommer J (1980) Fremdkörpergranulome in Leber, Milz und Lungen — eine Komplikation der Langzeithämodialyse durch Weichmacher? Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 64:282–286

    Google Scholar 

  445. Kuo T, Rosai J (1974) Granulomatous inflammation in splenectomy specimens. Arch Pathol 98:261–268

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  446. Liebow AA, Carrington CRB, Friedman PJ (1972) Lym-phomatoid granulomatosis. Human Pathol 3:457–458

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  447. Liber AF, Rose HG (1967) Saturated hydrocarbons in folli-cular lipidosis of the spleen. Arch Pathol 83:116–122

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  448. Lüchtrath H (1951) Isolierte Milztuberkulose. Zbl Allg Pathol 87:15–18

    Google Scholar 

  449. Mayo WJ (1928) A review of 500 splenectomies with special reference to mortality and end results. Ann Surg 88:409–415

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  450. Mikuz G, Probst A, Hoinkes G, Wildflingseder P (1980) Granulomatose Gewebsreaktion bei intrazellulären Kunst-stoff-(Silikongummi-)Abbau. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 64:279–282

    Google Scholar 

  451. Müller-Hermelink HK, Kaiserling E (1980) Epitheloidzell-reaktionen im lymphatischen Gewebe. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 64:77–102

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  452. Neiman RS, Bischel MD, Lukes RJ (1973) Hypersplenism in the uremic hemodialyzed patient: Pathology and proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms. Am J Clin Pathol 60:502–511

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  453. Neiman RS (1977) Incidence and importance of splenic sar-coidlike granulomas. Arch Pathol Lab Med 101:518–521

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  454. Pak H Y, Friedman NB (1981) Pseudosarcoid granulomas in Hodgkin’s disease. Human Pathol 12:832–837

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  455. Racz P, Tenner-Racz K (1980) Durch intrazelluläre Parasiten verursachte Granulome. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 64:126–138

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  456. Reich C, Seife M, Kessler BJ (1951) Gaucher’s disease: a review and discussion of twenty cases. Medicine 30:1–20

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  457. Salfelder K, Schwarz J (1967) Histoplasmotische Kalkherde in der Milz. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 92:1468–1470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  458. Scadding JG (1967) Sarcoidosis. Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, pp 22–37

    Google Scholar 

  459. Selroos O (1976) Sarcoidosis of the spleen. Acta Med Scand 200:337–340

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  460. Symmers W St C (1978) The lymphoreticular system. In: Symmers W St C (Hrsg) Systemic pathology, 2nd edn, vol 2. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh London New York

    Google Scholar 

  461. Schjølseth SA, Blom GP (1978) Lymphomatoid granulomatosis of the lung, liver and spleen. Scand J Haematol 21:104–108

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  462. Schneider H-M, Schäfer R, Hill K (1977) Häufigkeit und Wertung der epitheloidzelligen Granulome in der Milz bei Morbus Hodgkin. Klin Wochenschr 55:231–237

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  463. Starck HJ (1952-53) Sektionsbefunde bei Tularämie nach lympho-hämatogener Generalisation. Zbl Allg Pathol 89:233–237

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  464. Stryker WA (1941) Absorption of liquid petrolatum („mineral oil“) from the intestine: A histological and chemical study. Arch Pathol 31:670–692

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  465. Wiland OK, Smith EB (1957) Lipid globules in the lymphoid follicles of the spleen. Arch Pathol 64:623–628

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  466. Williams GD, Hara M (1967) Active splenic granuloma as a source of recurrent brucellosis. Successful surgical treatment. Am J Surg 113:422–424

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  467. Yow EM, Brennan JC, Nathan MH, Israel L (1961) Calcified granulomata of the spleen in long standing brucellar infection. Ann Intern Med 55:307–313

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  468. Abrams J, Pearl P, Moody M, Schimpff SC (1988) Epithe-loid granulomas revisited: long-term follow-up in Hodgkin’s disease. Am J Clin Oncol 11:456–460

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  469. Cruikshank B (1984) Follikular (mineral oil) lipidosis. 1. Epidemiologie studies of involvement of the spleen. Hum Pathol 15:724–730

    Article  Google Scholar 

  470. Cruikshank B, Thomas MJ (1984) Mineral oil (follicular) lipidosis: Histologie studies of spleen, liver, lymph nodes and bone marrow. Hum Pathol 15:731–737

    Article  Google Scholar 

  471. Falk S, Takeshita M, Stutte HJ (1988) Epitheloid granulomatosis with initial and predominant manifestation in the spleen. Virchows Arch (A) Pathol Anat 414:69–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  472. Gross EM (1978) Autopsy findings in drug addicts. Pathol Annu 2:35–67

    Google Scholar 

  473. Grossgebauer K, Pohle HD (1986) Cryptococcus neofor-mans: rapid detection in the spleen of an AIDS patient using DAPI-fluorochrome. Mykosen 29:155–158

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  474. Johnson PC, Khardory N, Nassar AF (1988) Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Med 85:152–158

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  475. Klatt EC, Meyer PR (1987) The spleen in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Pathol Lab Med 111:1050–1053

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  476. Rank EL, Dias SM, Hasson J et al (1989) Human necrotizing splenitis caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. Am J Clin Pathol 91:493–498

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  477. Rotterdam H (1987) Tissue diagnosis of AIDS-related opportunistic infections. Am J Surg Pathol 11:3–15

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  478. Rudniki C, Kessler E, Zarfati M et al (1988) Kikuchi’s necrotizing lymphadenitis: a cause of fever of unknown origin and splenomegaly. Acta Haematol 79:99–102

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  479. Schwartzman WA, Marchevsky A, Meyer RD (1990) Epitheloid angiomatosis or cat scratch disease with splenic and hepatic abnormalities in AIDS: case report and review of the literature. Scand J Infect Dis 22:121–133

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  480. Symmers WStC (1992) Sarcoidosis and other varieties of granulomatous lymphadenitis of uncertain cause. In: Henry K, Symmers WStC (eds) Systemic pathology, 3rd edn, vol 7. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh London, pp 532–533

    Google Scholar 

  481. Taavitsiaver M, Koivuniemi A, Helminen J et al (1987) Aspiration biopsy of the spleen in patients with sarcoidosis. Acta Radiologica 28:723–728

    Article  Google Scholar 

  482. Tomita T, Chiga M (1988) Disseminated histoplasmosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: light and electron microscopic observations. Hum Pathol 19:438–441

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  483. von Eiff M, Essink M, Roos N et al (1990) Hepatosplenic candidiasis, a late manifestation of Candida septicaemia in neutropenic patients with haematologic malignancies. Blut 60:242–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  484. Wanless IR, Geddie WR (1985) Mineral oil lipogranulomata in liver and spleen. Arch Pathol Lab Med 109:283–286

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  485. Welch DF, Pickett DA, Slater LN et al (1992) Rochalimaea henselae sp. nov. a cause of septicemia, bacillary angiomatosis, and parenchymal bacillary peliosis. J Clin Microbiol 30:275–280

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  486. Weiterführende Literatur (⊳ S. 551)

    Google Scholar 

  487. Felty AR (1924) Chronic arthritis in the adult, associated with splenomegaly and leukopenia. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 35:16–20

    Google Scholar 

  488. Laszlo J, Jones R, Silberman HR, Banks PM (1978) Splen-ectomy for Felty’s syndrome. Arch Intern Med 138:597–602

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  489. Matsumoto N, Ishihara T, Fujii H, Nakamura H, Uchinio F, Miwa S (1978) Fine structure of the spleen in autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with systemic lupus erythema-tosus. Tohoku J Exp Med 124:223–232

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  490. Vincent PC, Levi JA, MacQuenn A (1974) The mechanism of neutropenia in Felty’s syndrome. Br J Haematol 27:463–475

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  491. Dillon AM, Stein HB, English RA (1982) Splenic atrophy in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Intern Med 96:239–242

    Google Scholar 

  492. Gordon DA, Stein JL, Broder I (1973) The extraarticular features of rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med 54:445–452

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  493. Newland AC, Catovsky D, Linch D et al (1984) Chronic T cell lymphocytosis: a review of 21 cases. Br J Haem 58:433–446

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  494. Poralla I, Hutteroth T, Mayet W et al (1988) Peritonitis and massive granulocytic infiltration of the spleen in adult Still’s disease. Z Rheumatol 47:364–365

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  495. van Krieken JHJM, Breedveld FC, te Velde J (1988) The spleen in Felty’s syndrome: a histological, morphometrical, and immunohistochemical study. Eur J Haematol 40:58–64

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  496. Weiterführende Literatur (⊳ S. 551)

    Google Scholar 

  497. Bauer TW, Haskins GE, Armitage JO (1981) Splenic rupture in patients with hematologie malignancies. Cancer 48:2729–2733

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  498. Berlatzky Y, Shiloni E, Anner H, Weiss Y (1980) „Delayed rupture of the spleen“ or delayed diagnosis of the splenic injury? Isr J Med Sei 16:659–664

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  499. Brewster DC (1973) Splenosis. Am J Surg 126:14–19

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  500. Coulter JBS, Raine PAM (1975) Rupture of the spleen in erythroblastosis fetalis. Arch Dis Child 50:398–400

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  501. Cuculo GF, Kavazes JP (1967) Marfan’s syndrome with rupture of spleen and cystic medionecrosis of splenic artery. N Y State J Med 67:2863–2865

    Google Scholar 

  502. Davis R (1973) Spontaneous rupture of the pathological spleen in malaria. S Afr Med J 47:1801–1803

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  503. Delta BG, Eisenstein EM, Rothenberg AM (1968) Rupture of a normal spleen in the newborn: Report of a survival and review of the literature. Clin Pediatr 7:373–376

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  504. Dillon ML, Koster JK, Coy J, Utley JR et al (1977) Intrathoracic splenosis. South Med J 70:112–114

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  505. Garcia RL, Khan MK, Berlin RB (1982) Peliosis of the spleen with rupture. Human Pathol 13:177–179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  506. James I, Wilson AJ (1946) Spontaneous rupture of the spleen in sarcoidosis. Br J Surg 33:280–282

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  507. Khanna HL, Hayes BR, McKeown KC (1967) Delayed rupture of the spleen. Ann Surg 165:477–480

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  508. Livingston CD, Levine BA, Lecklitner ML, Sirinek KR (1983) Incidence and function of residual splenic tissue following splenectomy for trauma in adults. Arch Surg 118:617–620

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  509. Orloff MJ, Peskin GW (1958) Spontaneous rupture of the normal spleen — a surgical enigma. Surg Gynec Obst 106:1–11

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  510. Osemlak J, Chrominski J, Modrzewska B (1978) Milzruptur bei einem Kinde als Komplikation einer akuten Virus-Hepatitis. Z Kinderchir 23:411–414

    Google Scholar 

  511. Pabst R, Reilmann H (1980) Regeneration of heterotopically transplanted autologous splenic tissue. Cell Tissue Tes 209:137–143

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  512. Patel J, Williams JS, Shmigel B, Hinshaw JR (1981) Preservation of splenic function by autotransplantation of traumatized spleen in man. Surg 90:683–688

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  513. Rumlova E, Schärli AF (1972) Praenatal traumatische Milzruptur. Z Kinderchir 11:477–481

    Google Scholar 

  514. Seufert RM (1983) Die Chirurgie der Milz. Enke, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  515. Seufert RM, Böttcher W, Münz D, Heusermann U (1981) Erste klinische Erfahrungen mit der heterotopen Autotransplantation der Milz. Chirurg 52:525–530

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  516. Smith JN Jr (1956) Complications of infectious mononu-cleosis. Ann Intern Med 44:861–873

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  517. Sonobe H, Uchida H, Doi K, Shinozaki Y, Kunitomo T, Ogawa K (1981) Spontaneous rupture of the spleen in acute myeloid leukemia. Acta Pathol Jpn 31:309–315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  518. Stobbe H (1952) Milzruptur bei Mononucleosis infectiosa (Kasuistischer Beitrag zur Histopathologie der Mononucleosis infectiosa). Z Ges Inn Med 7:1026–1035

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  519. Stutte HJ, Parwaresch MR, Rossius H (1974) Über die Regeneration von Milzautotransplantanten beim Kaninchen. Fermenthistochemische Untersuchungen. Res Exp Med 163:79–94

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  520. Widmann WD (1969) Blunt trauma and the normal spleen: peacetime experience at a military hospital in Europe. Milit Med 134:25–35

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  521. Winkler HH, Frame B, Saeed SM, Spindler AC, Brouillette JN (1969) Ceroid storage disease, complicated by rupture of the spleen. Am J Med 46:297–301

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  522. Awad RW (1980) Delayed iatrogenic rupture of the spleen. Lancet 2:754–755

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  523. Barnad H, Dreef EJ, van Krieken JH (1990) The ruptured spleen. A histological, morphometrical and immunohistochemical study. Histol Histopathol 5:299–304

    Google Scholar 

  524. Carr NJ, Turk EP (1992) The histological features of splenosis. Histopathology 21:549–553

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  525. Denehy T, McGrath EW, Breen JL (1988) Splenic torsion and rupture in pregnancy. Obstet Gynaecol Surv 43:123–131

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  526. Hanneschläger GV, Bergmann W, Povysil B (1990) Hämorrhagische Milzläsionen bei chronischer und chronisch-rezidivierender Pankreatitis. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 115:776–783

    Article  Google Scholar 

  527. Hathaway JM, Harley RA, Self S et al (1995) Immunological function in posttraumatic splenosis. Clin Immunol Im-munopathol 74:143–150

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  528. Henneking K, Müller C, Franke F, Becker H, Schwemmle K (1994) Spätergebnisse der heterotopen Autotransplantation von Milzgewebe nach traumatischer Milzruptur im Kindesalter. Chirurg 65:457–468

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  529. Madjar S, Weissberg D (1994) Thoracic splenosis. Thorax 49:1020–1022

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  530. Makanji HH, Elliot HR (1980) Rupture of the spleen after laparoscopy. Case report. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 87:73–74

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  531. Mitchell A, Morris PJ (1983) Surgery of the spleen. Clin Haematol 12:565–590

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  532. Neudorfer H, Hesse H, Simma W (1989) Spontane Milzruptur bei infektiöser Mononukleose. Dtsch Med Wo-chenschr 114:2006–2007

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  533. Nielsen JL, Ellegard J, Margiversen J (1981) Detection of splenosis and ectopic spleens with TC-99m labelled heat damaged autologous erythrocytes in 90 splenectomized patients. Scand J Haematol 27:51–56

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  534. Yackel DB, Panton ONM, Martin DJ, Lee D (1988) Splenic pregnancy — case report. Obstet Gynaecol 71:471–473

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  535. Weiterführende Literatur (⊳ S. 551)

    Google Scholar 

  536. Ali M, Fayemi O, Rigolosi R, Frascino J, Marsden T, Malcolm D (1980) Hemosiderosis in hemodialysis patients. JAMA 244:343–345

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  537. Berge T (1974) Extramedullary haemopoiesis and metastases in the spleen. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 82:507–513

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  538. Bosman C, Cavaliere P (1967) Biometrically revealed splenic differences between thalassemia, hereditary spherocyto-sis and elliptocytosis. Pathol Microbiol 30:35–58

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  539. Bowdler A (1976) The role of the spleen and splenectomy in autoimmune hemolytic disease. Sem Hematol 13:335–348

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  540. Cohn I, Tygstrup I (1976) Foamy histiocytosis of the spleen in patients with chronic thrombocytopenia. Scand J Haem 16:33–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  541. Ferrant A (1983) The role of the spleen in haemolysis. In: Lewis SM (ed) Clinics in haematology, vol 12/2. Saunders, London Philadelphia Toronto, pp 489–499

    Google Scholar 

  542. Fischer R, Hennekeuser HH, Schaefer HE (1970) Extrame-dulläre Blutbildung in der Milz, insbesondere bei Knochenmarkmetastasierung. In: Lennert K, Harms D (Hrsg) Die Milz/The Spleen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 81–92

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  543. Heimpel H (1970) Die Milz bei hämolytischen Anämien. In: Lennert K, Harms D (Hrsg) Die Milz/The Spleen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 251–265

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  544. Heusermann U, Stutte HJ (1973) Milzmakrophagen bei idiopathischer thrombozytopenischer Purpura — eine elektronenmikroskopische Studie. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 57:428

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  545. Jandl JH, Kaplan ME (1960) The destruction of red cells by antibodies in man. III. Quantitative factors influencing the patterns of hemolysis in vivo. J. Clin Invest 39:1145–1156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  546. Kikuchi M, Iwasaki H, Mitsui T, Matsui N (1982) Morphology of spleen in hemolytic anemia. Jpn J Clin Hematol 22:578–584

    Google Scholar 

  547. Krüger GR, Bedoya V, Grimley PM (1971) Lymphoreticu-lar tissue lesions in Steinbrinck-Chediak-Higashi-Syndrome. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat 353:273–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  548. Layrisse M, Linares J, Roche M (1965) Excess hemolysis in subjects with severe iron deficiency anemia associated and nonassociated with hookworm infection. Blood 25:73–91

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  549. Lennert K, Oerkermann H (1967) Pathologische Anatomie der sideroachrestischen Anämie (Untersuchung von 4 Fällen). Beitr Pathol Anat 136:34–57

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  550. Lewis SM (1983) The spieen — mysteries solved and unresolved. In: Lewis SM (ed) The Spleen. Clinics in hemato-logy, vol 12/2. Saunders, London Philadelphia Toronto, pp 363–373

    Google Scholar 

  551. Molnar Z, Rappaport H (1972) Fine structure of the red pulp of the spleen in hereditary spherocytosis. Blood 38:81–98

    Google Scholar 

  552. Najean Y, Ardaillou N, Dresch C, Bernard J (1967) The platelet destruction site in thrombocytopenic purpuras. Br J Haematol 13:409–426

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  553. Neiman RS, Bischel MD, Lukes RJ (1973) Hypersplenism in the uremic hemodialyzed patient: pathology and proposed pathophysiologic mechanism. Am J Clin Pathol 60:502–511

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  554. Pettit JE (1977) Spleen function. Clin Haematol 6:639–656

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  555. Rappaport H, Crosby W (1957) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia. II. Morphologic observations with clinicopathological correlations. Am J Pathol 33:429–457

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  556. Rappaport H (1970) The pathologic anatomy of the splenic red pulp. In: Lennert K, Harms D (Hrsg) Die Milz/The Spleen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 24–41

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  557. Rodvien R, Tavassoli M, Crosby WH (1974) The structure of the spleen in experimentally induced iron deficiency anemia. Am J Pathol 75:243–250

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  558. Shneidman D, Kissling P, Onstad J, Wolf P (1977) Red pulp of the spleen in hereditary elliptocytosis. Virchows Arch A Anat Histol 372:337–342

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  559. Sprague CC, Patterson JCS (1958) Role of the spleen and effect of splenectomy in sickle cell disease. Blood 13:569–581

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  560. Tavassoli M, McMillan R (1975) Structure of the spleen in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Clin Pathol 64:180–191

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  561. Weinreich J (1970) Die Milz und Morbus Werlhof. In: Lennert K, Harms D (Hrsg) Die Milz/The Spleen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 285–290

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  562. Agre P, Asismos A, Casella JF, McMillan C (1986) Inheritance pattern and clinical response to splenectomy as a reflection of erythrocyte spectrin deficiency in hereditary spherocytosis. N Engl J Med 315:1579–1583

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  563. Agre P (1989) Hereditary spherocytosis. JAMA 262:2887–2890

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  564. Arendt I, Nizze H, Konrad H (1988) Prognostic significance of splenic follicle size in splenectomized idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura patients. Blut 58:31–39

    Google Scholar 

  565. Arnold R, Calvo W, Heymer B et al (1985) Extramedullary hematopoiesis after bone marrow transplantation. Scand J Haematol 34:9–12

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  566. Becker PS, Lux SE (1985) Hereditary spherocytosis and related disorders. Clin Haematol 14:15–43

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  567. Bommer J, Gemsa D, Kessler J, Ritz E (1985) Evidence for macrophage activation in dialysis patients exposed to silicone filing. Nephron 39:395–397

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  568. Chang CS, Li CY, Cha SS (1993) Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Splenic pathologic features and their clinical correlation. Arch Pathol Lab Med 117:981–985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  569. Chang CS, Li CY, Liang YH, Cha SS (1993) Clinical features and splenic pathologic changes in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and congenital hemolytic anemia. Mayo Clin Proc 68:757–762

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  570. Costa FF, Agre P, Watkins PC et al (1990) Linkage of dominant hereditary spherocytosis to the gene for the erythrocyte membrane skeleton protein ankyrin. N Engl J Med 323:1046–1050

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  571. Dale DC (1991) Neutropenia. In: Williams WJ, Beutler E, Erslev AJ, Lichtman MA (eds) Hematology. McGraw Hill, New York, pp 807–816

    Google Scholar 

  572. Diebold J, Audouin J (1988) Association of splenoma, pe-liosis and lipid histiocytosis in spleen or accessory spleen removed in 2 patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura after long term treatment with steroids. Pathol Res Pract 183:446–452

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  573. Eaton WA, Hofrichter J (1987) Hemoglobin S concentration and sickle cell disease. Blood 70:1245–1266

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  574. Evans RS, Takahashi K, Duane RT et al (1951) Primary thrombocytopenic purpura and acquired hemolytic anemia. Evidence for a common etiology. Arch Intern Med 87:48

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  575. Ferreira JA, Feliu E, Rozman C et al (1989) Morphologic and morphometric light and electron microscopic studies of the spleen in patients with hereditary spherocytosis and autoimmune haemolytic anemia. Br J Haematol 72:246–253

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  576. Freedman MH, Saunders EF (1981) Hematopoiesis in the human spleen. Am J Hematol 11:271–275

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  577. Hassan NMR, Neiman RS (1985) The pathology of the spleen in steroid-treated immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Clin Pathol 84:433–438

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  578. Hayes MM, Jacobs P, Wood L, Dent DM (1985) Splenic pathology in immune thrombocytopenia. J Clin Pathol 38:985–988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  579. Hebbel RP, Bogaerts MAB, Eaton JW, Steinberg MH (1980) Erythrocyte adherence to endothelium in sickle cell anemia: a possible determinant of disease severity. N Engl J Med 302:992–995

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  580. Jiang DY, Li CY (1995) Immunohistochemical study of the spleen in chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. With special reference to hyperplastic follicles and foamy macrophages. Arch Pathol Lab Med 119:533–537

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  581. Luk SC, Musclow E, Simin GT (1980) Platelet phagocytosis in the spleen of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Histopathology 4:127–136

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  582. Marti M, Feliu E, Campo E et al (1993) Comparative study of spleen pathology in drug abuseres with thrombocytopenia related to human immunodeficiency virus infection and in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. A morphometric, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study. Am J Clin Pathol 100:633–642

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  583. O’Keane JC, Wolf BC, Neiman RS (1989) The pathogenesis of splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis in metastatic carcinoma. Cancer 63:1539–1543

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  584. Palitzsch KD, Falk S, Müller H, Stutte HJ (1987) Splenic hematopoiesis in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Virchows Arch A 411:179–183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  585. Platts MM, Anastassiades E, Sherif S et al (1984) Spleen size in chronic renal failure. Br Med J 289:1415–1418

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  586. Rifkind RA (1965) Heinz body anemia: an ultrastructural study. II. Red Cell sequestration and destruction. Blood 26:433–448

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  587. Saracco SM, Farhi DC (1990) Splenic pathology in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Surg Pathol 14:223–229

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  588. Satti MB, Melha AA, Al-Shaibani MO et al (1980) Splenic foam cells: a clinicopathologic analysis of 92 splenectomized patients. Acta Haematol 83:9–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  589. Schmidt EE, McDonald IC, Groom AC (1991) Changes in splenic microcirculatory pathways in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 78:1485–1489

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  590. Sears DA, Udden MM (1985) Splenic infarction, splenic sequestration, and functional hyposplenism in hemoglobin SC disease. Am J Haematol 18:261–268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  591. Serjeant GR (1990) The spleen in sickle cell disease. In: Bowdler AJ (ed) The spleen. Chapman & Hall, London, pp 385–397

    Google Scholar 

  592. Stutte HJ, Iwasaki H, Callies H, Müller H (1984) Die Milz bei chronischer Hämodialyse. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 68:417

    Google Scholar 

  593. Tillmann W, Schröter W (1982) Erythrocytenrheologie und Indikationen zur Splenektomie bei kongenitalen hämolytischen Anämien. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 130:254–266

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  594. Walsh CM, Karpatkin S (1990) Thrombocytopenia and human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection. Sem Oncol 17:367

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  595. Wennberg E, Weiss I (1968) Splenic erythroclasia: an electron microscopic study of hemoglobin H disease. Blood 31:778–790

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  596. Wiseman BK, Doan CA (1942) Primary splenic neutropenia: Newly recognized syndromed closely related to congenital hemolytic icterus and essential thrombocytopenic purpura. Ann Intern Med 16:1097–1117

    Google Scholar 

  597. Wolf BC, Luevano E, Neiman RS (1983) Evidence to suggest that the fetal human spleen is not a hematopoetic organ. Am J Clin Pathol 80:140–144

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  598. Wolf BC, Neiman RS (1987) Hypothesis. Splenic filtration and the pathogenesis of extramedullary hematopoiesis in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. Hematol Pathol 1:77–80

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  599. Weiterführende Literatur (⊳ S. 551)

    Google Scholar 

  600. Dameshek W, Gunz F (1958) Leukemia. Grüne & Stratton, New York London

    Google Scholar 

  601. Fickers M, Speck B (1974) Thrombocythaemia, Familial occurrence und transition into blastic crisis. Acta Haematol 51:257–265

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  602. Fisher ER, Hazard JB (1954) Differentiation of megakaryo-cyte and Reed-Sternberg cell. With reference to the PAS reaction. Lab Invest 3:261–269

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  603. Goldman JM, Nolasko I (1983) The spleen in myeloprolif-erative disorders. In: Lewis SM (Hrsg) The Spleen. Clinics in haematology, vol 12/2. Saunders, London Philadelphia Toronto, pp 505–516

    Google Scholar 

  604. Jacobson RJ, Salo A, Fialkow PJ (1978) Agnogenic mye-loid metaplasia: a clonal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells with secondary myelofibrosis. Blood 51:189–194

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  605. Leder L-D (1967) Der Blutmonocyt. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 168–223

    Book  Google Scholar 

  606. Lennert K, Parwaresch MR (1979) Mast cells and mast cell neoplasia: a review. Histopathology 3:349–365

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  607. Niles NR, Koler RD, Johnson RL (1959) Myeloprolifera-tive diseases: clinical and pathological study of 69 cases. Am J Clin Pathol 31:222–229

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  608. Rappaport H (1966) Tumors of the hematopoietic system. In: Atlas of tumor pathology, vol III/8. AFIP, Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  609. Rohr K (1960) Das menschliche Knochenmark. Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  610. Roux A, Fischer J, Léon A, Ruberg R (1970) Gewicht und Funktion der Milz bei Polycythämie und Polyglobulie. In: Lennert K, Harms D (Hrsg) Die Milz/The Spleen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 270–275

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  611. Albrecht M (1966) „Gaucher-Zellen“ bei myeloischer Leukämie. Blut 13:169–179

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  612. Barosi G, Ambrosetti A, Buratti A et al (1993) Splenectomy for patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: pretreatment variables and outcome prediction. Leukemia 7:200–206

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  613. Bauer T, Haskins G, Armitage J (1981) Splenic rupture in patients with hematological malignancies. Cancer 48:2729–2733

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  614. Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT et al (1985) Proposed revised criteria for the classification of acute myeloid leukemia. A report of the French-American-British Cooperative Group. Ann Intern Med 103:626–629

    Google Scholar 

  615. Cheson BD, Cassileth PA, Head DR et al (1990) Report of the National Cancer Institute-sponsored workshop on definitions of diagnosis and response in acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol 8:813–819

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  616. Diebold J, Riviere O, Gosselin B et al (1991) Different patterns of spleen involvement in systemic and malignant mastocytosis. Virchows Arch A 419:273–280

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  617. Ellis JT, Peterson P, Geller SA, Rappaport H (1986) Studies of the bone marrow in polycythemia vera and the evolution of myelofibrosis and second hematologie malignancies. Semin Hematol 23:144

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  618. Falk S, Mix D, Stutte HJ (1990) The spleen in osteomyelo-fibrosis. A morphological and immunohistochemical study on 30 cases. Virchows Arch A 416:437–442

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  619. Falk S, Stutte HJ (1991) Pathologie der Milz bei chronischen myeloproliferativen Erkrankungen. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 75:400

    Google Scholar 

  620. Geller SA, Shapiro E (1982) Acute leukemia as a natural sequel to primary thrombocythemia. Am J Clin Pathol 77:353

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  621. Hogan SF, Osborne BM, Butler JJ (1989) Unexpected splenic nodules in leukemic patients. Hum Pathol 20:62–68

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  622. Horny H-P, Ruck MT, Kaiserling E (1992) Spleen findings in generalized mastocytosis. Cancer 70:459–468

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  623. Horny HP, Schaumburg-Lever G, Bolz S et al (1990) Use of monoclonal antibody KP 1 for identifying normal and neoplastic human mast cells. J Clin Pathol 43:719–722

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  624. Inoshita T, Lee CY, Tabor DC (1984) Localized blast crisis in the spleen in a patient with chronic myelocytic leukemia. Arch Pathol Lab Med 108:609–610

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  625. Marsh GW, Lewis SM, Szur L (1966) The use of 51Cr-la-belled heatdamaged red cells to study splenic function. II. Splenic atrophy in thrombocythaemia. Br J Haematol 12:167–171

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  626. Parwaresch RM, Horny HP, Bödewaldt-Radzun S (1992) Mast cell disease. In: Knowles DM (ed) Neoplastic hemato-pathology. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 1485–1515

    Google Scholar 

  627. Thiele J, Klein H, Falk S et al (1992) Splenic megakaryocytopoiesis in primary (idiopathic) osteomyelofibrosis — an immunhistologic and morphometric study with comparison of corresponding bone marrow features. Acta Haematol 87:176–180

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  628. Wolf BC, Banks PM, Mann RB, Neiman RS (1988) Splenic hematopoiesis in polycythemia vera: a morphologic and immunhistologic study. Am J Clin Pathol 89:69–75

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  629. Wolf BC, Neiman RS (1985) Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Pathophysiologic implications of the correlation between bone marrow changes and progression of splenomegaly. Blood 65:803–809

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  630. Wong KF, Chan JK, Chan JC et al (1991) Concurrent acute myeloid leukemia and systemic mastocytosis. Am J Hematol 38:243–244

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  631. Weiterführende Literatur (⊳ S. 551)

    Google Scholar 

  632. Abrams HL, Spiro R, Goldstein N (1950) Metastases in carcinoma. Cancer 3:74–85

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  633. Autry JR, Weitzner S (1975) Hämangiosarcoma of spleen with spontaneous rupture. Cancer 35:534–539

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  634. Avigad S, Jaffe R, Frand M, Izhak Y, Rotem Y (1976) Lymphangiomatosis with splenic involvement. JAMA 236:2315–2317

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  635. Berge TH (1974) Splenic metastases. Frequencies and patterns. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 82:499–507

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  636. Bostick WL, Lucia SP (1949) Nonparasitic, noncancerous cystis tumors of the spleen. Arch Pathol 47:215–222

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  637. Chen KTK, Bolles JC, Gilbert EF (1979) Angiosarcoma of the spleen: A report of two cases and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med Med 103:122–124

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  638. Clemens M, Langhans P, Strunk E, Wittrin G (1978) Pathogenese und Klinik der Milzzysten. Helv Chir Acta 45:391–401

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  639. Diebold J, Audouin J (1983) Peliosis of the spleen. Report of a case associated with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, presenting with spontaneous splenic rupture. Am J Surg Pathol 7:197–204

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  640. Dunn RI (1955) Cancer metastases in the spleen. Glasgow Med J 36:43–49

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  641. Easier RE, Dowlin WM (1969) Primary lipoma of the spleen. Arch Pathol 88:557–559

    Google Scholar 

  642. Faust G (1967) Ein Hämangiosarkom der Milz mit Metastasen. Z Krebsforsch 69:283–287

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  643. Fowler RH (1953) Nonparasitic benign cystic tumors of the spleen. Surg Gynec Obst Internat Abst Surg 96:209–227

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  644. Garcia RL, Khan MK, Berlin RB (1982) Peliosis of the spleen with rupture. Human Pathol 13:177–179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  645. Gnepp DR, Shah S (1982) Splenic lymphangioma: luminal surface ultrastructure; a scanning electron microscopic study. Lymphology 15:56–59

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  646. Govoni E, Bazzocchi F, Pileri S, Martinelli G (1982) Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the spleen; an ultra-structural study. Histopathology 6:351–361

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  647. Hanada M, Kimura M, Kitada M, Nakajima T, Yamada K, Yoshii M (1981) Epidermoid cyst of accessory spleen. Acta Pathol Jpn 31:863–872

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  648. Kaip E, Eyssel B, Sobbe A (1976) Zystisches Lymphangiom der Milz bei einem 15jährigen Jungen. Fortschr Rönt-genstr 125:83–84

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  649. Kasabach HH, Merritt KK (1940) Capillary hemangioma with extensive purpura. Am J Dis Child 59:1063–1070

    Google Scholar 

  650. Lubarsch O (1927) Pathologische Anatomie der Milz, Gewächse und nichtparasitäre Zysten. In: Henke F, Lubarsch O (Hrsg) Handbuch der speziellen pathologischen Anatomie und Histologie, Bd 1/2. Springer, Berlin, S 698–728

    Google Scholar 

  651. Marti WC (1976) Angiome splénique avec thrombocytopénie. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 106:717–719

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  652. McClure RD, Altemeier WA (1942) Cysts of the spleen. Ann Surg 116:98–101

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  653. Navas Palacios JJ, Garzon Martin A, Valdez Sanchez MD, Coites Lambea et al (1982) Peliosis esplenica. Estudio morfologico de dos casos con rotura espontanea de bazo. Morf Norm Pathol 6:57–64

    Google Scholar 

  654. Pardo-Mindan FJ, Vazquez JJ, Joly M, Rocha E (1983) Splenic hamartoma, vascular type, with endothelial proliferation. Pathol Res Pract 177:32–40

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  655. Park JY, Song KT (1971) Splenic cyst: a case report and review of literature. Am J Surg 37:544–547

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  656. Pines B, Rabinovich J (1942) Hemangioma of the spleen. Arch Pathol 33:487–503

    Google Scholar 

  657. Rappaport H (1966) Tumors of the hematopoietic system. In: Atlas of tumor pathology, vol III/8. AFIP, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  658. Shalev O, Ariel I (1978) Hamartoma of the spleen. A case report. Israel J Med Sei 14:862–864

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  659. Shaneberge JN, Tanaka K, Gruhl BD (1971) Chronic consumption coagulopathy due to hemangiomatous transformation of the spleen. Am J Clin Pathol 56:723–729

    Google Scholar 

  660. Silverman ML, Federman M, O’Hara CJ (1981) Malignant hemangioendothelioma of the spleen. A case report with ultrastructural observations. Arch Pathol Lab Med 105:300–304

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  661. Silverman ML, Livolsi V (1978) Splenic Hamartoma. Am J Clin Pathol 70:224–230

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  662. Symmers WStC (1978) The lymphoreticular system. In: Symmers WStC (ed) Systemic Pathology, vol 2. Edinburgh London New York, p 739

    Google Scholar 

  663. Stutte HJ, Simon C (1968) Über eine durch Salmonella anatum infizierte Milzzyste. Z Kinderchir 6:66–74

    Google Scholar 

  664. Thatcher LG, Clatanoff DV, Stiehm ER (1968) Splenic humangioma with thrombocytopenia and afibrinogenemia. J Pediatr 73:345–354

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  665. Tsakraklides V, Hadley TW (1973) Epidermoid cysts of the spleen. Arch Pathol 96:251–255

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  666. Warfel KA, Ellis GH (1982) Peliosis of the spleen. Arch Pathol Lab Med 106:99–100

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  667. Whitley RD, Winship T (1954) Splenic hemangioma with subsequent fatal hemangiosarcoma. Surg 35:787–792

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  668. Warnke RA, Weiss LM, Chan JKC, Cleary ML, Dorfman RF (1995) Tumors of the lymph nods and spleen. Atlas of tumor pathology, 3nd Series, Fascile 14. AFIP, Washington S 171–468

    Google Scholar 

  669. Albrecht E (1904) Über Hamartome. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 7:153–156

    Google Scholar 

  670. Alt B, Hafez GR, Trigg M et al (1985) Angiosarcoma of the liver and spleen in an infant. Pediatr Pathol 4:331–339

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  671. Arber DA, Kamel OW, van de Rijn M et al (1995) Frequent presence of the Epstein-Barr virus in inflammatory pseudotumor. Hum Pathol 26:1093–1098

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  672. Beckstead JH, Wood GS, Fletcher V (1985) Evidence for the origin of Kaposis’ sarcoma from lymphatic endothe-lium. Am J Pathol 119:294–300

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  673. Beham A, Hermann W, Venningerholz F, Schmid Ch (1989) Hamartoma of the spleen with haematological symptoms. Virchows Arch (A) 414:535–539

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  674. Bleiweiss IJ, Thung SN, Goodman JD (1986) Peliosis of the spleen in a patient with cirrhosis of the liver. Arch Pathol Lab Med 110:669–671

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  675. Borner N, Blank W, Bohnof J et al (1990) Echoreiche Milzprozesse — Häufigkeit und Differentialdiagnose. Ultraschall Med 11:112–118

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  676. Bostick WL (1945) Primary splenic neoplasms. Am J Pathol 21:1143–1165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  677. Brandwein M, Choi H-SH, Sträuchen J et al (1990) Spindle cell reaction to nontuberculous myobacteriosis in AIDS mimicking a spindle cell neoplasm. Virchows Arch A 416:281–286

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  678. Briziarelli G (1985) Über ein Lipom der Milz. Z Krebsforsch 61:346–349

    Google Scholar 

  679. Buckley PJ, Dickson SA, Walker WS (1985) Human splenic sinusoidal lining cells express antigens associated with mono-cytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and T-lymphocytes. J Immunol 134:2310–2315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  680. Bürrig KF (1988) Epithelial (True) splenic cysts. Pathogen-esis of the mesothelial and so-called epidermoid cysts of the spleen. Am J Surg Pathol 12:275–281

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  681. Chan JKC, Frizzera G, Fletcher CDM, Rosai J (1992) Primary vascular tumors of lymph nodes other than Kaposi’s sarcoma, analysis of 39 cases and delineation of two new entities. Am J Surg Pathol 16:335–350

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  682. Chan JKC (1996) Inflammatory pseudotumor: a family of lesions of diverse nature and etiologies. Adv Anat Pathol 3:156–171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  683. Chang Y, Cesarman E, Pessin MS et al (1994) Identification of herpes virus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-asso-ciated Kaposi’s sarcoma. Science 266:1865–1869

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  684. Cockerell CJ, Whitlow MA, Webster GF, Friedman-Kien AE (1987) Epitheloid angiomatosis: a distinct vascular disorder in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS-related complex. Lancet 2:654–656

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  685. Coffin CM, Watterson J, Priest JR, Dehner LP (1995) Extra-pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (inflammatory pseudotumor): A clinicopathologic and immunohisto-chemical study of 84 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 19:859–872

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  686. Cotelingam JD, Jaffe ES (1984) Inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen. Am J Surg Pathol 8:375–380

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  687. Darden JW, Teeslink R, Parrish A (1975) Hamartoma of the spleen: a manifestation of tuberous sclerosis. Am Surg 41:564–566

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  688. Enzinger FM, Weiss SW (1995) Soft tissue tumors. 3rd edn. CV Mosby, St. Louis, pp 713–729

    Google Scholar 

  689. Falk S, Biegler T, Stutte HJ (1987) Tumormetastasen in der Milz. Pathologe 8:85–90

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  690. Falk S, Krishnan J, Meis JM (1993) Primary angiosarkoma of the spleen. A clinicopathologic study of 40 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 17:959–970

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  691. Falk S, Seipelt G, Stutte HJ (1989) Immunohistochemical assessment of splenic macrophage and lymphocyte subpopulations in gastric cancer. Cancer 64:1646–1651

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  692. Falk S, Stutte HJ, Frizzera G (1991) Littoral cell angioma. A novel splenic vascular lesion demonstrating histiocytic differentiation. Am J Surg Pathol 15:1023–1033

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  693. Falk S, Stutte HJ (1990) Benigne Gefäßtumoren der Milz-Morphologie und Differentialdiagnose. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 74:552

    Google Scholar 

  694. Falk S, Stutte HJ (1989) Hamartomas of the spleen: a study of 20 biopsy cases. Histopathology 14:603–612

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  695. Falk S, Stutte HJ (1990) Primary malignant lymphomas of the spleen. A morphologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 17 cases. Cancer 66:2612–2619

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  696. Falk S, Stutte HJ (1989) Splenic metastasis in an ileal carcinoid tumor. Pathol Res Pract 185:238–242

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  697. Garvin DF, King FM (1981) Cysts and nonlymphomatous tumors of the spleen. Pathol Ann 1:61–80

    Google Scholar 

  698. Hammoudi AB, Vassy LE, Morse TS (1975) Multiple lymphangioendothelioma of the spleen in a 13-year old girl. Arch Pathol 99:605–606

    Google Scholar 

  699. Hashimoto H, Müller H, Falk S, Stutte HJ (1987) Histogen-esis of Kaposi’s sarcoma associated with AIDS: a histologie, immunohistochemical and enzyme histochemical study. Pathol Res Pract 182:658–668

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  700. Heusermann U, Stutte HJ (1977) Die tieferen Lymphgefäße der menschlichen Milz und ihre pathologisch-anatomischen Aspekte. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 61:469

    Google Scholar 

  701. Heusermann U (1988) Morphologie und Funktion der menschlichen Milz. Enzymhistochemische und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen der linealen Lymphgefäße, Nerven und Bindegewebsstrukturen. Fischer, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  702. Husni EA (1961) the clinical course of splenic hemangio-ma: With emphasis on spontaneous rupture. Arch Surg 33:681–688

    Article  Google Scholar 

  703. Katz JA, Mahoney DH, Shukla LW et al (1988) Endovas-cular papillary angioendothelioma in the spleen. Pediatr Pathol 8:185–193

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  704. Kaw YT, Duwaji MS, Knisley RE, Esparza AR (1992) Hemangioendothelioma of the spleen. Arch Pathol Lab Med 116:1079–1082

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  705. Klein B, Stein M, Kuten A et al (1987) Splenomegaly und solitary spleen metastasis in solid tumors. Cancer 60:100–102

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  706. Krishnan J, Danon AD, Frizzera G (1993) Use of antifactor VHI-related antigen (F8) and QBEND 10 (CD34) antibodies helps classify the benign vascular lesions of the spleen (Abstract). Mod Pathol 6:94 A

    Google Scholar 

  707. Kubosawa H, Konno A, Komatsu T et al (1989) Peliosis hepatis. An unusual case involving the spleen and lymph nodes. Acta Pathol Jpn 39:212–215

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  708. Lacson A, Berman LD, Neiman RS (1979) Peliosis of the spleen. Am J Clin Pathol 71:586–590

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  709. Lifschitz-Mercer B, Open M, Kushnir I, Czernobilsky B (1994) Epidermoid cyst of the spleen: a cytokeratin profile with comparison to other squamous epithelia. Virchows Arch 424:213–216

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  710. Marymount JH Jr, Gross S (1963) Patterns of metastatic cancer in the spleen. Am J Clin Pathol 40:58–66

    Google Scholar 

  711. Meybehm M, Fischer H-P (1997) Littoralzellangiosarkom der Milz. Pathologe 18:401–405

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  712. Michal M, Skalova A, Fakan F et al (1993) Littoral cell angioma of the spleen. A case report with ultrastructural and immunohistochemical observations. Zentralbl Pathol 139:361–365

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  713. Morgenstern L, McCafferty L, Rosenberg J, Michel SL (1984) Hamartomas of the spleen. Arch Surg 119:1291–1293

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  714. Morgenstern L, Rosenberg J, Geller SA (1985) Tumors of the spleen. World J Surg 9:468–476

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  715. Neill JS, Park HK (1991) Hemangiopericytoma of the spleen. Am J Clin Pathol 95:680–683

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  716. Nesher G, Vollberg L, Zimran A, Hershko C (1985) He-patosplenic peliosis after danazol and glucocorticoids for ITP. N Engl J Med 312:242–243

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  717. O’Brien DM, Ghent WR, Dexter DH (1987) Systemic cystic angiomatosis in an woman with hematuria and splenomegaly. Can J Surg 30:277–279

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  718. Pinkhas J, Djaldetti M, de Vries A, Safra D, Dollberg L (1969) Diffuse angiomatosis with hypersplenism. Splenec-tomy followed by polycythemia. Am J Med 45:795–801

    Article  Google Scholar 

  719. Radhi JM, Wallis JP, Mansy H (1988) Hemolytic anemia associated with splenic hemangiomata. Postgrad Med J 64:152–154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  720. Ramani P, Shah A (1993) Lymphangiomatosis. Histologie and immunohistochemical analysis of four cases. Am J Surg Pathol 17:329–335

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  721. Rohrborn C, Alles JU (1984) Verkalktes Lymphangiom der Milz. Ein Beitrag zur Diagnose und Differentialdiagnose von Milzzysten. Chirurg 55:122–124

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  722. Rosso R, Paul M, Gianelli U et al (1995) Littoral cell an-giosarcoma of the spleen. Case report with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis. Am J Surg Pathol 19:1203–1208

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  723. Ruck P, Horny HP, Xiao JC, Baginsky R, Kaiserling E (1994) Diffuse sinusoidal hemangiomatosis of the spleen. A case report with enzymehistochemical, immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopic findings. Pathol Res Pract 190:708–714

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  724. Sarode VR, Datta BN, Savitri K et al. (1991) Kaposi’s sarcoma of the spleen with unusual clinical and histological features. Arch Pathol Lab Med 115:1042–1044

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  725. Seijo L, Unger PD, Stauchen JA (1996) Inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen. A case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Pathol 3:289–298

    Google Scholar 

  726. Sencer S, Coulter-Knoff, Day D et al (1987) Splenic hemangioma with thrombocytopenia in a newborn. Pediatrics 79:960–966

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  727. Shek TWH, Ho FCS, Ng IOL et al (1996) Follicular dendritic cell tumor of the liver: evidence for an Epstein-Barr virus related clonal proliferation of follicular dendritis cells. Am J Surg Pathol 20:313–324

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  728. Shepherd JJ, Fassett RG, Chain’s D (1992) Hypercalcaemia associated with inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen. Br J Surg 79:50

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  729. Sieber SC, Lopez V, Rosai J, Buckley PJ (1990) Primary tumor of the spleen with morphologic features of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Immunohistochemical evidence for a macrophage origin. Am J Surg Pathol 14:1061–1070

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  730. Silverman ML, Federman M, O’Hara CJ (1981) Malignant hemangioendothelioma of the spleen. A case report with ultrastructural observations. Arch Pathol 105:300–304

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  731. Spence RA, Dane TE (1983) Spontaneous rupture of an epithelial cyst of the spleen. Postgrad Med J 59:65

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  732. Suster S, Moran CA, Blanco M (1994) Mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor of the spleen. Am J Clin Pathol 101:539–542

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  733. Suster S (1992) Epitheloid and spindle-cell haemangioen-dothelioma of the spleen, report of a distinctive splenic vascular neoplasm of childhood. Am J Surg Pathol 16:785–792

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  734. Syrjänen KJ (1980) Spleen white pulp morphology in the evaluation of immunologie reactivity of patients died with widespread gastric carcinoma. Arch Geschwulstforsch 50:647–656

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  735. Thomas RM, Jaffe ES, Zarate-Osorno A, Medeiros LJ (1993) Inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen. A clinico-pathologic and immunophenotypic study of eight cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med 117:921–926

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  736. Tsang WYW, Chang JKC (1993) The family of epithelioid vascular tumors. Histol Histopathol 8:187–212

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  737. Walz MK, Metz KA, Eigler FW (1991) Milzzysten, Morphologie, Diagnostik und Therapie. Dtsch Med Wo-chenschr 116:1377–1383

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  738. Westra WH, Anderson BO, Klimstra DS (1994) Carcino-sarcoma of the spleen. An extragenital malignant mixed mullerian tumor? Am J Surg Pathol 18:309–315

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  739. Wick MR, Humphrey PA, Ritter JH (1997) Pathology of pseudoneoplastic lesions. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia New York, pp 494–502

    Google Scholar 

  740. Wick MR, Scheithauer BW, Smith SL, Beart RW jr (1982) Primary nonlymphoreticular malignant neoplasms of the spleen. Am J Surg Pathol 6:229–242

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  741. Wolf BC, Neiman RS (1989) Disorders of the spleen. Major problems in pathology, vol 20. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 186–187

    Google Scholar 

  742. Zukerberg LR, Kaynor BL, Silverman ML, Harris NL (1991) Splenic hamartoma and capillary hemangioma are distinct entities: immunohistochemical analysis of CD 8 expression by endothelial cells. Hum Pathol 22:1258–1261

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  743. Weiterführende Literatur (⊳ S. 551)

    Google Scholar 

  744. Ahmann DL, Kiely JM, Harrison EG, Payne WS (1966) Malignant lymphoma of the spleen. A review of 49 cases in which the diagnosis was made at splenectomy. Cancer 19:461–469

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  745. Askergren J, Björkholm M, Holm G, Johansson B, Sundblad R (1981) On the size and tumor involvement of the spleen in Hodgkin’s disease. Acta Med Scand 209:217–220

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  746. Bartels H (1980) Prognose der malignen Lymphome der Keimzentren. Habilitationsschrift, Lübeck

    Google Scholar 

  747. Bartels H, Burger A, Common H, Donhuijsen-Ant R, Graubner M et al (1979) Klinik und Prognose des centro-blastischcentrocytischen Lymphoms und des centroblastischen Lymphoms. In: Stacher A, Höcker P (Hrsg) Lym-phoknotentumoren. Urban & Schwarzenberg, München Wien Baltimore, S 211–217

    Google Scholar 

  748. Bearman RM, Pangalis GA, Rappaport H (1978) Prolym-phocytic leukemia. Clinical, histopathological and cytochemical observations. Cancer 42:2360–2372

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  749. Bergholz M, Rahlf G, Doering KM (1978) Familiäre hämo-phagocytierende Retikulose (Farquhar). Pathol Res Pract 163:267–280

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  750. Boiron M, Flandrin G, Ripault J, Lortholary P, Teillet F, Jacquillat C, Bernard J (1968) Histio-lymphocytose médullaire et splénique d’apparance primitive. Nouv Rev franc Hémat 8:179–200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  751. Bousser J, Delarue J, Bilski-Pasquier G, Diebold J, Zittoun R, Dao C (1970) Lymphome nodulaire de la rate. Nouv Rev franc Hémat 10:289–297

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  752. Brittinger G, Bartels H, Bremer K, Dühmke E et al (1976) Klinik der malignen Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome entsprechend der Kiel-Klassifikation: Centrocytisches Lymphom, centro-blastischcentrocytisches Lymphom, lymphoblastisches Lymphom, immunoblastisches Lymphom. In: Löffler H (Hrsg) Maligne Lymphome und monoklonale Gammo-pathien. Hämatologie und Blut-Transfusion, Bd. 18. Lehmann, München, S 211–223

    Google Scholar 

  753. Brouet JC, Flandrin G, Sasportes M, Preud’homme J-L, Seligman M (1975) Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of T-cell origin. Immunological and clinical evaluation in eleven patients. Lancet 11/2:890–893

    Article  Google Scholar 

  754. Brouet JC, Seligman M (1981) T-derived chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Main clinical and immunological features. Pathol Res Pract 171:262–267

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  755. Burke JS (1981) Surgical pathology of the spleen: An approach to the differential diagnosis of splenic lymphomas and leukemias. Part II. Diseases of the white pulp. Am J Surg Pathol 5:551–563

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  756. Burke JS, Butler JJ (1976) Malignant lymphoma with a high content of epitheloid histiocytes (Lennert’s lymphoma). Am J Clin Pathol 66:1–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  757. Burke JS, Osborne BM (1983) Localized reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of the spleen simulating malignant lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol 7:373–380

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  758. Cancilla PA, Lahey ME, Carnes WH (1967) Cutaneous lesions of Letterer-Siwe disease, electron microscopic study. Cancer 20:1986–1991

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  759. Castellani R, Bonadonna G, Spinelli P, Bajetta E, Galante E, Rilke F (1977) Sequential pathologic staging of untreated non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas by laparoscopy and laparotomy combined with marrow biopsy. Cancer 40:2322–2328

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  760. Catovsky D (1977) Hairy-cell leukaemia and prolymphocyt-ic leukaemia. Clin Haematol 6:245–268

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  761. Diebold J, Chomette G, Reynès M, Tricot G (1977) La rate dans la leucémia à tricholeucocytes. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol 372:325–336

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  762. Dijkstra CD (1982) Characterization of nonlymphoid cells in rat spleen, with special reference to strongly lapositive branched cells in T-cell areas. J Reticuloendothel Soc 32:167–178

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  763. Dorfman RF, Warnke R (1974) Lymphadenopathy simulating the malignant lymphomas. Human Pathol 5:519–550

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  764. Farquhar JW, Claireaux AE (1952) Familial haemophago-cytic reticulosis. Arch Dis Childh 27:519–525

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  765. Farrer-Brown G, Bennett MH, Harrison CV, Miller Y, Jelliffe AM (1972) The diagnosis of Hodgkin’s disease in surgically excised spleens. J Clin Pathol 25:294–300

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  766. Favara BE, McCarthy RC, Mireau GW (1983) Histiocytosis X. Human Pathol 14:663–676

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  767. Ferchner RE, Smith MG, Midelkamp JN (1963) Coxsackie B virus infection of the newborn. Am J Pathol 42:493–506

    Google Scholar 

  768. Feller AC, Parwaresch MR, Bartels H, Lennert K (1982) Enzymhistochemical heterogeneity of human chronic T-lym-phocytic leukemia as demonstrated by reactivity to depepti-dylaminopeptidase IV (DAP IV). Leukemia Res 6:801–808

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  769. Fischer M, Mitrou PS, Hübner K, Hauk H, Lennert KA (1974) Die Splenektomie bei Morbus Hodgkin. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 99:1402–1405

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  770. Flotte TJ, Springer TA, Thorbecke GJ (1983) Dendritic cell and macrophage staining by monoclonal antibodies in tissue sections and epidermal sheets. Am J Pathol 111:112–124

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  771. Frizzera G, Moran EM, Rappaport H (1974) Angioimmuno-blastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemie. Lancet 1:1070–1073

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  772. Frizzera G, Moran EM, Rappaport H (1975) Angioimmuno-blastic lymphadenopathy. Diagnosis and clinical course. Am J Med 59:803–818

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  773. Galton DAG, Goldman JM, Wiltshaw E, Catovsky D, Henry K, Goldenberg GJ (1974) Prolymphocytic leukaemia. Brit J Haematol 27:7–23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  774. Glatstein E, Guernsey JM, Rosenberg SA, Kaplan HS (1969) The value of laparotomy and splenectomy in the staging of Hodgkin’s disease. Cancer 24:709–718

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  775. Goldberg GM, Ungar H (1958) The lymphatics of the spleen in leukemia. Lab Invest 7:146–151

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  776. Goodall HB, Guthrie W, Buist NRM (1965) Familial hae-mophagocytic reticulosis. Scot Med J 10:425–438

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  777. Halie MR, Thiadens J, Eibergen R, Van den Brock A A (1978) Hodgkin’s disease in the spleen. Investigation of Hodgkin foci and areas for the immune response. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol 27:39–48

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  778. Helbron D, Brittinger G, Lennert K (1979) T-Zonen-Lym-phom. Klinisches Bild, Therapie und Prognose. Blut 39:117–131

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  779. Hickling RA (1960) Giant follicle lymphoma of the spleen; recovery after splenectomy. Br Med J 1:1464–1467

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  780. Huhn D, Meister P (1978) Malignant histiocytosis: Morphologic und cytochemical findings. Cancer 42:1341–1349

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  781. Jansen J, Hermans J (1981) Splenectomy in hairy cell leukemia: a retrospective multicenter analysis. Cancer 47:2066–2076

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  782. Kadin ME, Donaldson SS, Dorfman RF (1970) Isolated granulomas in Hodgkin’s disease. N Engl J Med 283:859–861

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  783. Kadin ME, Glatstein E, Dorfman RF (1971) Clinico-patholo-gic studies of 117 untreated patients subjected to laparotomy for the staging of Hodgkin’s disease. Cancer 27:1277–1294

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  784. Kaplan HS (1980 a) Hodgkin’s disease, 2nd edn. Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA USA

    Google Scholar 

  785. Kaplan HS (1980 b) Hodgkin’s disease: Unfolding concepts concerning its nature, management and prognosis. Cancer 45:2439–2474

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  786. Kim H, Dorfman RF (1974) Morphological studies of 84 untreated patients subjected to laparotomy for the staging of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Cancer 33:657–674

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  787. Kim H, Jacobs C, Warnke RA, Dorfman RF (1978) Malignant lymphoma with a high content of epitheloid histiocytes. A distinct clinicopathologic entity and a form of so-called „Lennert’s lymphoma“. Cancer 41:620–635

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  788. Kirschner RH, Abt AB, O’Connell MJ, Sklansky BD, Green WH, Wiernik PH (1974) Vascular invasion and he-matogenous dissemination of Hodgkin’s disease. Cancer 34:1159–1162

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  789. Kostich ND, Rappaport H (1965) Diagnostic significance of the histologie changes in the liver and spleen in leukemia and malignant lymphoma. Cancer 18:1214–1232

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  790. Lampert I (1983) Splenectomy as a diagnostic technique. Clin Haemat 12:535–563

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  791. Lampert I, Catovsky D, Marsh GW, Child JA, Galton DAG (1980) The histopathology of prolymphocytic leukaemia with particular reference to the spleen: a comparison with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Histopathology 4:3–19

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  792. Lennert K (1953 a) Histologische Studien zur Lymphogra-nulomatose: I. Die Cytologie der Lymphogranulomzellen. Frankfurt Z Pathol 64:209–234

    Google Scholar 

  793. Lennert K (1953 b) Studien zur Histologie der Lymphogra-nulomatose. II. Die diagnostische Bedeutung der einzelnen Zellelemente in lymphogranulomatösen Lymphknoten. Frankfurt Z Pathol 64:343–356

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  794. Lennert K (1958) Die Früh Veränderungen der Lymphogra-nulomatose. Frankfurt Z Pathol 69:103–122

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  795. Lennert K (1973) Pathologisch histologische Klassifizierung der malignen Lymphome. In: Stacher A (Hrsg) Leukämien und maligne Lymphome. Urban & Schwarzenberg, München Berlin Wien

    Google Scholar 

  796. Lennert K (1978) Malignant lymphomas, other than Hodg-kin’s disease. In: Uehlinger E (Hrsg) Handbuch der speziellen pathologischen Anatomie und Histologie, Bd 1/33. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  797. Lennert K (1981) Histopathologie der Non-Hodgkin-Lym-phome. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  798. Lennert K, Mestdagh J (1968) Lymphogranulomatosen mit konstant hohem Epitheloidzellgehalt. Virchows Arch A 344:1–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  799. Lennert K, Mohri N (1971) Zur Pathologie der Leukämien und malignen Lymphome im Kindesalter. Verh Dtsch Ges Path 55:216–269

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  800. Lichtenstein L (1964) Histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granu-loma of bone, Letterer Siwe disease, Hand-Schüller-Chris-tian disease). J Bone Joint Surg 46:76–90

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  801. Löffler H, Grabner M, Desaga JF, Jung M (1977) prolym-phocytic leukemia with T cell properties and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase. In: Thierfelder S, Rodt H, Thiel E (Hrsg) Immunological diagnosis of leukemias and lymphomas. Hämatologie und Bluttransfusion, Bd 20. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 175–178

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  802. Lotz MJ, Chabner B, De Vita VT, Johnson RE, Berard CW (1976) Pathological staging of 100 consecutive untreated patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Extramedullary sites of disease. Cancer 37:266–270

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  803. Lukes RJ (1971) Criteria for involvement of lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen and liver in Hodgkin’s disease. Cancer Res 31:1755–1767

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  804. Lukes RJ, Tindle BH (1975) Immunoblastic lymphadeno-pathy: a hyperimmune entity resembling Hodgkin’s disease. N Engl J Med 292:1–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  805. Lutzner M, Edelson R, Schein P, Green I, Kirkpatrick C, Ahmed A (1975) Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: The Sézary syndrome, mykosis fungoides, and related disorders. Ann Intern Med 83:534–552

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  806. Lutzner MA, Jordan HW (1968) The ultrastructure of an abnormal cell in Sézary’ s syndrome. Blood 31:719–726

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  807. Mendelsohn G, Eggleston JC, Mann RB (1980) Relationship of lysozyme (muramidase) to histiocytic differentiation in malignant histiocytosis. An immunhistochemical study. Cancer 45:273–279

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  808. Meusers P, König E, Brittinger G (1981) Clinical aspects on non-cutaneous T-lymphomas. Pathol Res Pract 171:216–239

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  809. Motoi M, Schwarze E-W, Stein H, Lennert K (1978) Ly-sozymnachweis in histiozytischem Retikulosarkom and maligner Retikulose. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 62:514

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  810. Müller-Hermelink HK, Kaiserling E (1980) Epitheloidzell-reaktionen im lymphatischen Gewebe. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 64:77–102

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  811. Naeim F, Waisman J, Coulson WF (1974) Hodgkin’s disease: the significance of vascular invasion. Cancer 34:655–662

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  812. Nanba K, Soban EJ, Bowling MC, Berard CW (1977) Splenic pseudosinuses and hepatic angiomatous lesions: distinct features of hairy cell leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol 67:415–426

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  813. Nathwani BN, Rappaport H, Moran EM, Pangalis GA, Kim H (1978) Malignant lymphoma arising in angioimmu-noblastic lymphadenopathy. Cancer 41:578–606

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  814. Neidhardt B, Hartwich G, Schwemmle K, Hermanek P, Seiler G (1975) Explorative Laparotomie und Splenekto-mie bei Lymphogranulomatose. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 100:1487–1492

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  815. Nezelof C, Frileux-Herbert F, Cronier-Sachot J (1979) Disseminated histiocytosis X. Analysis of prognostic factors based on a retrospective study of 50 cases. Cancer 44:1824–1838

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  816. Noel H, Helbron D, Lennert K (1979) Die epitheloidzel-lige Lymphogranulomatose (sog. „Lennert’s lymphoma“). In: Stacher A, Höcker P (Hrsg) Lymphknotentumoren. Urban & Schwarzenberg, München Wien Baltimore, S 40–45

    Google Scholar 

  817. Obrecht JP (1982) Klinik der malignen Lymphome: In: Begemann H (Hrsg) Handbuch der Inneren Medizin, Bd II/7. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 275–278

    Google Scholar 

  818. Pilon VA, Davey FR, Gordon GR (1981) Splenic alterations in hairy-cell leukemia: I. A light microscopic and histochemical study. Arch Pathol Lab Med 105:577–581

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  819. Pilon VA, Davey FR, Gordon GB, Jones DB (1982) Splenic alterations in hairy-cell leukemia: II. An electron microscopic study. Cancer 49:1617–1623

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  820. Rappaport H (1966) Tumors of the hematopoietic system. Atlas of tumor pathology, vol III/8. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington DC, pp 49–63

    Google Scholar 

  821. Jurco S, Starling K, Hawkins EP (1983) Malignant histiocytosis in childhood: morphologic considerations. Human Pathol 14:1059–1065

    Article  Google Scholar 

  822. Rappaport H, Thomas LB (1974) Mycosis fungoides: The pathology of extracutaneous involvement. Cancer 34:1198–1299

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  823. Rilke F, Canetta R, Castellani MR (1980) Malignant lymphomas of germinal cell origin: prevalence, type of presentation, stages and survival (preliminary data). In: Van Den Tweel JG et al (eds) Malignant lymphoproliferative diseases. Boerhave series for postgraduate medical education. Leiden University Press, The Hague Boston London, pp 221–227

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  824. Rosenberg SA, Ribas-Mundo M, Goffinet DR, Kaplan HS (1978) Staging in adult non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Recent Results Cancer Res 65:51–67

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  825. Sacks EL, Donaldson SS, Gordon J, Dorfman RF (1978) Epitheloid granulomas associated with Hodgkin’s disease. Cancer 41:562–567

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  826. Schwarze E-W (1983) Differentialdiagnose der malignen Lymphome unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome. Diagnostik 16:32–34

    Google Scholar 

  827. Stacher A, Bartels H, Bremer K, Brunswicker F et al (1979) Klinik und Prognose der lymphoplasmozytoiden malignen Lymphome (Immunozytome). In. Stacher A, Höcker P (Hrsg) Lymphknotentumoren. Urban & Schwarzenberg, München Wien Baltimore, S 218–223

    Google Scholar 

  828. Stein H, Gerdes J, Mason DY (1982) The normal and malignant germinal centre. Clin Haematol 11/3:531–559

    Google Scholar 

  829. Stein H, Tolksdorf G, Lennert K (1981) T-cell lymphomas. A cell origin related classification on the basis of cytologie, immunologie and enzyme cytochemical criteria. Pathol Res Pract 171:197–215

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  830. Theml H (1978) Die chronische lymphatische Leukämie. In: Begemann H (Hrsg) Hbd d inn Med, Bd II 6. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 519–619

    Google Scholar 

  831. Theml H, Burger A, Keiditsch E, Enne W, Eggert K, Dietzfelbinger H, Gräff L, Zsida L (1977) Klinische Beobachtungen zur Charakterisierung des splenomegalen Immu-nozytoms. Med Klin 72:1019–1032

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  832. Timens W, Koudstaal J, Poppema S (1982) Morphometri-cal analysis of T-and B-cell compartments of spleens in Hodgkin’s disease. Virchows Arch B 38:291–296

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  833. Turner A, Kjeldsberg CR (1978) Hairy cell leukemia: a review. Medicine 57:477–499

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  834. Vardiman JW, Byrne GE, Rappaport H (1975) Malignant histiocytes with massive splenomegaly in asymptomatic patients. A possible chronic form of the disease. Cancer 36:419–427

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  835. Variakojis D, Rosas Uribe A, Rappaport H (1974) Mykosis fungoides: Pathologic findings in staging laparotomy. Cancer 33:1589–1600

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  836. Warnke R, Levy R (1978) The immunopathology of the follicular lymphomas: a model of B-lymphocyte homing. N Engl J Med 298:481–486

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  837. Watanabe S, Nakajima T, Shimosato Y, Sato Y, Shimizu K (1983) Malignant histiocytosis and Letterer-Siwe-dis-ease: Neoplasms of T-zone histiocyte with S 100 protein. Cancer 51:1412–1424

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  838. Yam LT, Li CY, Lam KW (1971) Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoenzyme in the reticulum cells of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. N Engl J Med 284:357–360

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  839. Aine R (1985) Small non-cleaved follicular center lym-phoma: clinicopathologic comparison of Burkitt and non-Burkitt variants in Finnish material. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 21:1179–1185

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  840. Alberti VN, Neiman RS (1984) Lymphoplasmacytic lym-phoma. A clinicopathologic study of a previously unrecognized composite variant. Cancer 53:1103–1108

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  841. Arber DA, Rappaport H, Weiss LM (1997) Non-Hodg-kin’s lymphoproliferative disorders involving the spleen. ModPathol 10:18–32

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  842. Audouin J, Diebold J, Schwartz H et al (1988) Malignant lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with prominent splenomegaly (primary lymphoma of the spleen). J Pathol 155:17–34

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  843. Audouin J, Le Tourneau A, Diebold J et al (1989) Primary intestinal lymphoma of Ki-1 large cell anaplastic type with mesenteric lymph node and spleen involvement in a renal transplant recipient. Hematol Oncol 7:441–449

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  844. Banks PM, Arseneau JC, Gralnick HR et al (1975) American Burkitt’s lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study of 30 cases. II. Pathologic correlations. Am J Med 58:322–329

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  845. Banks PM, Chan J, Cleary ML et al (1992) Mantle cell lymphoma. A proposal for unification of morphologic, immunologie, and molecular data. Am J Surg Pathol 16:637–640

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  846. Bellamy COC, Krajewski AS (1994) Primary splenic large cell anaplastic lymphoma associated with HIV infection. Histopathology 481-483

    Google Scholar 

  847. Ben-Ezra J, Bailey A, Azumi N et al (1991) Malignant histiocytosis X. A distinct clinicopathologic entity. Cancer 68:1050–1060

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  848. Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel M et al (1989) Proposals for the classification of chronic (mature) B and T lymphoid leukaemias. J Clin Pathol 42:567–584

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  849. Betman HF, Vardiman JW, Lau J (1994) T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma of the spleen. Letter to the editor. Am J Surg Pathol 18:323–324

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  850. Bourdessoule D, Gaulard P, Mason DY (1990) Preferential localisation of human lymphocytes bearing T-cell receptors to the red pulp of the spleen. J Clin Pathol 43:461–464

    Article  Google Scholar 

  851. Burke JS (1993) Splenic lymphoid hyperplasias versus lymphomas/leukemias. A diagnostic guide. Am J Clin Pathol 99:193–486

    Google Scholar 

  852. Carli MG, Cuneo A, Piva N et al (1991) Lymphoblastic lymphoma with primary splenic involvement and the classic 14; 18 translocation. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 57:47–51

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  853. Chan JK, Sin VC, Wong KF et al (1997) Nonnasal lymphoma expressing the natural killer cell marker CD56: a clinicopathologic study of 49 cases of an uncommon aggressive neoplasm. Blood 89:4501–4513

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  854. Chan JKC (1997) Proliferative lesions of follicular dendritic cells: an overview, including a detailed account of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, a neoplasm with many faces and uncommon etiologic associations. Adv Anatom Pathol 4:387–411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  855. Chittal SM, Brousset P, Voigt JJ, Delsol G (1991) Large B-cell lymphoma rich in T-cells and simulating Hodgkin’s disease. Histopathology 19:211–220

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  856. Cooke CB, Krenacs L, Stetler-Stevenson M et al (1996) Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma: a distinct clinicopathologic entity of cytotoxic gamma delta origin. Blood 88:4265–4274

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  857. Demirer T, Dail DH, Aboulafi DM (1994) Four varied cases of intravascular lymphomatosis and a literature review. Cancer 73:1738–1745

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  858. Diebold J, Kanavaros P, Audouin J et al (1987) Centro-blastic-centrocytic and centroblastic malignant lymphoma with splenic predominance (or with primary splenic involvement). Clinical and histopathological study of 17 cases. Bull Cancer 74:437–454

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  859. Duggan MJ, Weisenburger DD, Ye YL et al (1990) Mantle zone lymphoma. A clinicopathologic study of 22 cases. Cancer 66:522–529

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  860. Egeler RM, D’Angio GJ (1995) Langerhans cell histiocytosis. J Pediatr 127:1–11

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  861. Falini BA, Pileri S, DeSolas I et al (1990) Periperal T-cell lymphoma associated with hemophagocytic syndrome. Blood 75:434–444

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  862. Falk S, Müller H, Stutte HJ (1988) The spleen in Hodgkin’s disease. An immunohistochemical study of lymphocyte sub-populations and makrophages. Histopathology 13:139–148

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  863. Falk S, Stutte HJ (1992) Morphologic menifestations of malignant lymphomas in the spleen; a histologie and immunohistochemical study of 500 biopsy cases. In: Fenoglio-Prei-ser CM, Wolff M, Rilke F (eds) Progress in surgical pathology, vol 12. Field & Wood, Philadelphia, pp 49–95

    Google Scholar 

  864. Falk S, Stutte HJ (1990) Primary malignant lymphomas of the spleen. A morphologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 17 cases. Cancer 66:2612–2619

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  865. Feller AC, Griesser GH, Mak TW, Lennert K (1986) Lym-phoepiteloid lymphoma (Lennert’s Lymphoma) is a monoclonal proliferation of helper/inducer T cells. Blood 68:663–667

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  866. Feller AC (1989) Phenotypic analysis of human T-cell lymphoma. Fischer, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  867. Fend F, Kraus-Huonder B, Müller-Hermelink HK, Feller AC (1993) Monocytoid B-cell lymphoma: its relationship to and possible cellular origin from marginal zone cells. Hum Pathol 24:336–339

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  868. Gaffey MJ, Frieson HF, Medeiros LJ, Weiss LM (1993) The relationship of Epstein-Bar virus to infection-related (sporadic) and familial hemophagocytic syndrome and secondary (lymphoma-related) hemophagocytosis: an in situ hybridization study. Hum Pathol 24:657–667

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  869. Gaulard P, Bourquelot P, Kanavaros P et al (1990) Expression of the alpha/beta and gamma/delta T-cell receptors in 57 cases of peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Identification of a subset of gamma/delta T-cell lymphomas. Am J Pathol 137:617–628

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  870. Gobbi PG, Grignani GE, Pozzetti U et al (1994) Primary splenic lymphoma: does it exist? Haematologica 79:286–293

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  871. Griffith RC, Kelly DR, Nathwani BN et al (1987) A morphologic study of childhood lymphoma of the lymphoblastic type. Cancer 59:1126–1131

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  872. Hammer RD, Glick AD, Greer JP et al (1996) Splenic marginal zone lymphoma. A distinct B-cell neoplasm. Am J Surg Pathol 20:613–626

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  873. Hansmann ML, Stein H, Fellbaum C et al (1989) Nodular paragranuloma can transform into high-grade malignant lymphoma of B type. Hum Pathol 20:1169–1175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  874. Hanson CA, Frizzera G, Patton DF et al (1988) Clonal rearrangement for immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes in systemic Castleman’s disease. Association with Epstein-Barr-virus. Am J Pathol 132:84–91

    Google Scholar 

  875. Hara K, Ito M, Shimizu K et al (1985) Three cases of primary malignant splenic lymphoma: case report and review of the Japanese literature. Acta Pathol Jpn 35:419–435

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  876. Harris NL, Aisenberg AC, Meyer JE et al (1984) Diffuse large cell (histiocytic) lymphoma of the spleen. Clinical and pathological characteristics of ten cases. Cancer 54:2460–2467

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  877. Harris NL, Bhan AK (1985) Mantle zone lymphoma. A pattern produced by lymphoma of more than one cell type. Am J Surg Pathol 9:872–882

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  878. Harris NL (1984) Hypervascular follicular hyperplasia and Kaposi’s sarcoma in patients with risk for AIDS. N Engl J Med 310:462–463

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  879. Harris S, Wilkins BS, Jones DB (1996) Splenic marginal zone expansion in B-cell lymphomas of gastrointestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is reactive and does not represent homing of neoplastic lymphocytes. J Pathol 179:49–53

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  880. Horny HP, Inniger R, Kaiserling E, Busch FW (1988) He-mophagocytic syndrome. Differential diagnostic aspects in a case of well-differentiated malignant histiocytosis. Pathol Res Pract 183:80–85 and Letters to the case: Isaacson PG: ibid. 85-86, Banks PM: ibid. 86-87

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  881. Horny HP, Saal J, Kaiserling E (1992) Primary splenic presentation of plasma cell dyscrasia: report of two cases. Hematol Pathol 6:155–160

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  882. Hoyer JD, Yam LT, Kurtin PJ (1997) Immunohistochem-ical demonstration of acid phosphatase isoenzyme 5 (tar-trate-resistant) in paraffin sections of hairy cell leukemia and other hematologic disorders. Am J Clin Pathol 108:308–315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  883. Hsu SM, Ho YS, Hsu PL (1991) Lymphomas of true histiocytic origin. Expression of different phenotypes in so-called true histiocytic lymphoma and malignant histiocytosis. Am J Pathol 138:1389–1404

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  884. Hübner K (1983) Pathologische Anatomie des multiplen Myeloms (Plasmocytoms). Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 67:423–439

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  885. Hui PK, Feller AC, Lennert K (1988) High-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of B-cell type. I. Histopathology. Histopathology 12:127–143

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  886. Isaacson PG, Matutes E, Burke M, Catovsky D (1994) The histopathology of splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes. Blood 84:3828–3834

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  887. Isaacson PG, Norton AJ (1994) Extranodal lymphomas. Churchill-Livingstone, Edinburgh, p 258

    Google Scholar 

  888. Isaacson PG, Piris MA (1997) Splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Adv Anat Pathol 4:191–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  889. Jaffe ES (1988) Histiocytoses of lymph nodes: biology and differential diagnosis. Sem Diagn Pathol 5:376–390

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  890. Janka GE (1989) Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistio-cytosis: diagnostic problems and differential diagnosis. Pe-diatr Haematol Oncol 6:219–225

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  891. Katayama I, Li CW, Yam LT (1972) Ultrastructural characteristics of the „hairy cells“ of leukemic reticuloendothelio-sis. Am J Pathol 67:361–366

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  892. Knowles DM (1992) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphoma. Blood 80:8–20

    Google Scholar 

  893. Knowles DM, Cesarman E, Chadburn A et al (1995) Correlative morphologic and molecular genetic analysis demonstrates three distinct categories of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders. Blood 85:552–565

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  894. Köbrich U, Falk S, Karhoff M et al (1992) Primary large cell lymphoma of the splenic sinuses: a variant of angio-tropic B-cell lymphoma (neoplastic angioendotheliomato-sis)? Hum Pathol 23:1184–1187

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  895. Krajewski AS, Myskow MW, Cachia PG et al (1988) T-cell lymphoma: morphology, immunophenotype and clinical features. Histopathology 13:19–41

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  896. Krishnan J, Wallberg K, Frizzera G (1994) T-cell-rich large B-cell lymphoma. A study of 30 cases, supporting its histologie heterogeneity and lack of clinical distinctive-ness. Am J Clin Pathol 18:455–465

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  897. Ladisch S, Poplack DG, Holiman B, Blaese RM (1978) Immunodeficiency in familial erythrophagocytic lympho-histiocytosis. Lancet 1:581–583

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  898. Lasota J, Hyjek E, Koo CH et al (1996) Cytokeratin-pos-itive large cell lymphomas of B-cell lineage. Am J Surg Pathol 20:346–354

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  899. Lennert K, Feller AC, Radzun HJ (1984) Malignant histiocytosis, histiocytic sarcoma and related neoplasms. Rec Adv R.E.S. Res 24:1–16

    Google Scholar 

  900. Lennert K, Feller AC (1992) Histopathology of non-Hodg-kin’s lymphomas (based on the updated Kiel classification). 2nd ed. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  901. Levo Y, Behar AJ, Blum I, Frish B (1987) A benign course of multicentric Castleman’s disease with involvement of spleen and bone marrow. Eur J Haematol 39:471–474

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  902. Macon WR, Williams ME, Greer JP et al (1996) Natural killer-like T-cell lymphomas: aggressive lymphomas of T-large granular lymphocytes. Blood 87:1474–1483

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  903. Macon WR, Williams ME, Greer JP et al (1992) T-cell rich B-cell lymphomas: a clinico-pathologic study of 19 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 16:351–363

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  904. Malone M (1991) The histiocytoses of childhood. Histopathology 19:105–119

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  905. Mann RB, Jaffe ES, Braylan RC et al (1976) Non-endemic Burkitt’s lymphoma. A B-cell tumor related to germinal centers. N Engl J Med 295:685–691

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  906. Matutes E, Brito-Babapulle V, Swansbury J et al (1991) Clinical and laboratory features of 78 cases of T-prolym-phocytic leukemia. Blood 78:3269–3274

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  907. Matutes E, Brito-Babapulle V, Swansbury J et al (1991) Clinical laboratory features of 78 cases of T-prolymphocyt-ic leukemia. Blood 78:3269–3274

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  908. Medeiros LJ, Harris NL (1990) Immunohistologic analysis of small lymphocytic infiltrates of the orbit and conjunctiva. Hum Pathol 21:1126–1131

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  909. Melo JV, Hedge U, Parreira A et al (1987) Splenic B cell lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes: differential diagnosis of B cell leukemias with large spleen. J Clin Pathol 40:642–651

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  910. Mollejo M, Lloret E, Menarguez J et al (1997) Lymph node involvement by splenic marginal zone lymphoma: morphological an immunohistochemical features. Am J Surg Pathol 21:772–780

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  911. Monda L, Warnke A, Rosai J (1986) A primary lymph node malignancy with features suggestive of dendritic reti-culum cell differentiation, a report of 4 cases. Am J Pathol 122:562–572

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  912. Mulligen SP, Matutes E, Dearden C, Catovsky D (1991) Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes: natural history and response to therapy in 50 cases. Br J Haematol 78:206–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  913. Naeim F (1988) Hairy cell leukemia: characteristics of the neoplastic cells. Human Pathol 19:375–388

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  914. Nakamura S, Hara K, Suchi T et al (1988) Interdigitating cell sarcoma. A morphologic, immunohistologic, and en-zyme-histochemical study. Cancer 61:562–568

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  915. Narang S, Wolf BC, Neiman RS (1985) Malignant lymphoma presenting with prominent splenomegaly. A clinico-pathologic study with special reference to intermediate cell lymphoma. Cancer 55:1948–1957

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  916. Newland AC, Catovsky D, Linch D et al (1984) Chronic T-cell lymphocytosis: a review of 21 cases. Br J Haemat 58:433–446

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  917. Nizze H, Cogliatti S, von Schilling C et al (1991) Mono-cytoid B-cell lymphoma: morphological variants and relationship to low-grade B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Histopathology 22:409–414

    Google Scholar 

  918. Palutke M, Tabaczka P, Mirchandani I, Goldfarb S (1981) Lymphocytic lymphoma simulating hairy cell leukemia: a consideration of reliable and unreliable diagnostic features. Cancer 48:2047–2055

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  919. Pasmantier MW, Azar HA (1969) Extrasceletal spread in multiple plasma cell myeloma: a review of 57 autopsied cases. Cancer 23:167–174

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  920. Pawade J, Wilkins BS, Wright DH (1995) Low-grade B-cell lymphomas of the splenic marginal zone: a clinico-pathological in immunohistochemical study of 14 cases. Histopathol 27:127–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  921. Perez-Ordonez B, Erlandson RA, Rosai J (1996) Follicular dendritic cell tumor: report of 13 additional cases of a distinctive entity. Am J Surg Pathol 20:944–955

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  922. Petruch UR, Horny HP, Kaiserling E (1992) Frequent expression of haemopoietic and nonhaemopoietic antigens by neoplastic plasma cells: an immunohistochemical study using formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded tissue. Histopathology 20:35–40

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  923. Piris M, Gatter KC, Mason DY (1991) CD30 expression in follicular lymphoma. Histopathology 18:25–29

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  924. Poppema S, Miiller-Hermelink K, Harris NL et al (1998) The Hodgkin’s Lymphomas (Abstracts). Am J Surg Pathol 22:125–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  925. Ralfkiaer E, Delsol G, O’Connor NT (1990) Malignant lymphomas of true histiocytic origin. A clinical, histologi-cal immunophenotypic and genotypic study. J Pathol 160:9–17

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  926. Rappaport H (1966) Tumors of the hematopoietic system. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington DC, pp 49–63

    Google Scholar 

  927. Risdall RJ, Brunning RD, Hernandez JI, Gordon DH (1984) Bacteria-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. Cancer 54:2986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  928. Risdall RJ, McKenna RW, Nesbit ME et al (1979) Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. A benign histiocytic proliferation distinct from malignant histiocytosis. Cancer 44:993–1002

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  929. Rosenblatt JD, Giorgi JV, Golde DW et al (1988) Integrated human T-cell leukemia virus II genome in CD8+ T cells from a patient with „atypical“ hairy cell leukemia: evidence for distinct T and B cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Blood 71:363–369

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  930. Rosier RP (1977) Spontaneous rupture of the spleen in hairy cell leukemia. Arch Pathol Lab Med, pp 101-557

    Google Scholar 

  931. Salhany KE, Feldman M, Kahn MJ et al (1997) Hepato-splenic gammadelta T-cell lymphoma: ultrastructural, immunophenotypic, and functional evidence for cytotoxic T lymphocyte differentiation. Hum Pathol 28:674–685

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  932. Sasadeusz J, Buchanan M, Speed B (1990) Reactive hemophagocytic syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect 20:65–68

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  933. Schaefer HE (1996) Gammopathy-related crystal-storing histiocytosis, pseudo-and pseudo-pseudo-Gaucher cells. Path Res Pract 192:1152–1162

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  934. Schmid C, Kirkham N, Diss T, Isaacson PG (1992) Splenic marginal zone cell lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol 16:455–466

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  935. Schneider DR, Taylor CR, Parker JW et al (1985) Immu-noblastic sarcoma of T-and B-cell types. Hum Pathol 16:885–900

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  936. Stark AN, Limbert HJ, Roberts BE et al (1986) Prolym-phocytoid transformation of CLL: a clinical and immuno-logical study of 22 cases. Leukemia Res 10:1225–1232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  937. Stein RS, Weikert D, Reynolds V et al (1987) Splenectomy for end-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 59:1815–1818

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  938. Stroup RM, Burke JS, Sheibani K et al (1992) Splenic involvement by aggressive B-cell and T-cell types. A morphologic and immunophenotypic study. Cancer 69:413–420

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  939. Suchi T, Lennert K, Tu L-Y et al (1987) Histopathology and immunocytochemistry of peripheral T-cell lymphomas: a proposal for their classification. J Clin Pathol 40:955–1015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  940. Swerdlow SH, Zukerberg LR, Yang WI et al (1996) The morphologic spectrum of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas with BCLl/cyclin Dl gene rearrangements. Am J Surg Pathol 20:627–640

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  941. Takagi N, Nakamura S, Ueda R et al (1992) A phenotypic and genotypic study of three nodebased, lowgrade peripheral T-cell lymphomas: angioimmunoblastic lymphoma, T-zone lymphoma and lymphoepithelioid lymphoma. Cancer 69:2571–2582

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  942. Takeshita M, Falk S, Schwetje J, Stutte HJ (1989) Morphological and immunohistochemical studies of Hodgkin’s disease in the spleen. Virchows Arch A 415:429–436

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  943. Tashiro K, Kikuchi M, Takeshita M et al (1989) Clinico-pathologic study of Ki-1 positive lymphomas. Pathol Res Pract 185:461–467

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  944. Turley H, Jones M, Erber W et al (1994) VS 38: a new monoclonal antibody for detecting plasma cells differentiation in routine sections. J Clin Pathol 47:418–422

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  945. van Krieken JH, Feller A, te Velde J (1989) The distribution of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in the lymphoid compartments of the human spleen. Am J Surg Pathol 13:757–765

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  946. Vasef MA, Medeiros LJ, Koo et al (1997) Cyclin Dl immunohistochemical staining is useful in distinguishing mantle cell lymphoma from other low-grade B-Cell neoplasms in bone marrow. Am J Clin Pathol 108:302–307

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  947. Wagner SD, Martinelli V, Luzatto L (1994) Similar patterns of Bk gene usage but different degrees of somatic mutation in hairy cell leukemia, prolymphocytic leukemia, Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia, and myeloma. Blood 83:3647–3653

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  948. Waldron JA, Leech JH, Glick AD et al (1977) Malignant lymphoma of peripheral T-lymphocyte origin: immunologie, pathologic, and clinical features in six patients. Cancer 40:1604–1617

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  949. Weisenburger DD (1988) Multicentric angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia. Pathology of the spleen. Am J Surg Pathol 12:176–181

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  950. Weissinger F, Kreipe HH, Wilhelm M (1997) Non-Hodg-kin-Lymphome. Internist 38:1131–1142

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  951. Wilson MS, Weiss LM, Gatter KS et al (1990) Malignant histiocytosis. A reassessment of cases previously reported in 1975 based on paraffin section immunophenotyping studies. Cancer 66:530–536

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  952. Wong KF, Chan JK, Matutes E et al (1995) Hepatosplenic gamma delta cell lymphoma: a distinctive aggressive lymphoma type. Am J Surg Pathol 6:718–726

    Article  Google Scholar 

  953. Writing group of the histiocyte society (1987) Histiocytosis syndromes in children. Lancet 1:208–209

    Google Scholar 

  954. Yamakawa M, Matsuda M, Imai Y et al (1992) Lymph node interdigitating cell sarcoma. A case report. Am J Clin Pathol 97:139–146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  955. Yano T, van Krieken JH, Magrath IT et al (1992) Histogenetic correlations between subcategories of small non-cleaved cell lymphomas. Blood 79:1282–1290

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stutte, H.J. (1999). Milz. In: Remmele, W. (eds) Pathologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58620-0_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58620-0_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63669-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-58620-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics