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Cytoskeleton and Small G Proteins pp 51–83Cite as

The DH Protein Family, Exchange Factors for Rho-Like GTPases

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Part of the book series: Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology ((PMSB,volume 22))

Abstract

Members of the Ras superfamily of GTPases play critical roles in regulating a wide range of cellular processes, including growth, differentiation, various forms of vesicle transport, nuclear transport and actin cytoskeleton regulation (Bourne et al. 1990). These small GTPases (about 21 kDa) act as molecular switches that are active when they are GTP-bound, and inactive when GTP is converted to GDP, due to their intrinsic GTPase activity (Boguski and McCormick 1993). Cycling between the active and the inactive conformation is influenced by three classes of regulatory proteins (Fig. 1). GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) stimulate the intrinsic GTPase activity of small GTPases, thereby accelerating the return to the inactive conformation. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) catalyze the release of bound GDP which is rapidly exchanged by GTP, due to the high intracellular ratio of free GTP/ GDP in vivo. GEFs, which are also termed guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulators (GDSs) or guanine nucleotide release factors (GRFs), induce the active conformation. Guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) bind GTPases and stabilize their conformation, either in the GDP-bound-or in the GTP-bound state (Boguski and McCormick 1993). In addition, GDIs may extract GTPases from membranes, due to binding of GDI to the carboxyl-terminal isoprene group of the GTPases (Gosser et al. 1997). The intracellular localization of the regulators of small GTPases may also determine the activity of these proteins.

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  1. Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Jord C. Stam & John G. Collard

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  1. Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier CNRS, University of Montpellier II, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34293, France

    Philippe Jeanteur

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Stam, J.C., Collard, J.G. (1999). The DH Protein Family, Exchange Factors for Rho-Like GTPases. In: Jeanteur, P. (eds) Cytoskeleton and Small G Proteins. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology, vol 22. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58591-3_4

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