Skip to main content

Equilibria of Large Games with Imperfect Observability

  • Conference paper
Positive Operators, Riesz Spaces, and Economics

Part of the book series: Studies in Economic Theory ((ECON.THEORY,volume 2))

Abstract

In this paper we present two formulations of an equilibrium notion for large games in which each player cannot observe precisely the moves of the other players in the game. In the context of large anonymous games where the moves of the other players are summarized by a probability measure on the action space, imperfect observability is formulated as a map from the space of such measures to the space of probability measures on this space. In the context of large non-anonymous games where the moves of the other players are summarized by a measurable function from the space of players to the action space, imperfect observability is formulated as a conditional expectation of such a function with respect to a σ-subalgebra of the measure space of players. We report results both on the existence and upper hemicontinuity of equilibrium.

A preliminary version of this paper was presented at the Midwest Mathematical Economics Conference in Spring 1990, at the Ohio State University Conference on Game Theory, and at the International Conference on Game Theory and Economic Applications held at ISI, New Delhi in December 1990. We thank especially Alejandro Manelli, John Hillas and David Schmeidler for their stimulating comments.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. B. Allen, Neighboring information and distributions of agents’ characteristics under uncertainty, J. Math. Econom. 12 (1983), 63–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. A. Ash, Probability Theory, Academic Press, New York, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  3. E. J. Balder and N. C. Yannelis, Equilibrium points of non-atomic games with imperfect information, mimeo, University of Illinois, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  4. E. J. Balder, New sequential compactness results for spaces of scalarly integrable functions, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 151 (1990), 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. E. J. Balder, On Cournot-Nash equilibrium distributions as solutions of a variational inequality: new existence results, Econom. Theory, forthcoming.

    Google Scholar 

  6. C. Berge, Topological Spaces, MacMillan, New York, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  7. C. Castaing and M. Valadier, Convex analysis and measurable multifonctions, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, # 580, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  8. D. S. Christiansen and M. Majumdar, On shifting temporary equilibrium, J. Econom. Theory 16 (1977), 1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. K. Cotter, Similarity of information and behavior with a pointwise convergence topology, J. Math. Econom. 15 (1986), 25–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. G. Debreu, A social equilibrium existence theorem, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 38 (1952), 886–893.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. J. Diestel and J. J. Uhl, Jr., Vector Measures, Mathematical Surveys, # 15, Amer. Math. Society, Rhode Island, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  12. J. Diestel, Sequences and Series in Banach Spaces, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1984.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  13. J. Dugundji, Topology, Allyn and Bacon Inc., Boston, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  14. K. Fan, Fixed points and minimax theorems in locally convex spaces, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 38 (1952), 121–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. I. Glicksberg, A further generalization of the Kakutani fixed point theorem with applications to Nash equilibrium points, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 3 (1952), 170–174.

    Google Scholar 

  16. J. M. Grandmont, Continuity properties of a von Neumann-Morgenstern utility, J. Econom. Theory 2 (1972), 45–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. J. M. Grandmont, Temporary General Equilibrium Theory, Academic Press, New York, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  18. E. J. Green, Continuum and finite player noncooperative models of competition, Econometrica 52 (1984), 976–993.

    Google Scholar 

  19. E. J. Green, On lower hemicontinuity, manuscript, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  20. B. Grodal, A second remark on the core of a large economy, Econometrica 40 (1972), 581–583.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. F. Hahn, Conjectural equilibria, in: J. Eatwell et al. eds., The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics (MacMillan Press, London, 1987), pp. 575–579.

    Google Scholar 

  22. S. Hart, W. Hildenbrand, and E. Kohlberg, On equilibrium allocations as distributions on the commodity space, J. Math. Econom. 1 (1974), 159–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. W. Hildenbrand, Core and Equilibria of a Large Economy, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  24. D. Housman, Infinite player noncooperative games and the continuity of the Nash equilibrium correspondence, Math. Oper. Res. 13 (1988), 488–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. D. Housman, Equilibria in infinite player strategic games, manuscript, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  26. B. Jovanovic and R. Rosenthal, Sequential anonymous games, J. Math. Econom. 17 (1988), 77–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. E. Karni and D. Schmeidler, Fixed preferences and changing tastes (The economics of fashion), Johns Hopkins Working Paper, # 216.

    Google Scholar 

  28. M. Ali Khan, On extensions of the Cournot-Nash theorem, in: C. D. Aliprantis, O. Burkinshaw and N. J. Rothman eds., Advances in Economic Theory, Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, #244 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1985), pp. 79–106.

    Google Scholar 

  29. M. Ali Khan, Equilibrium points of nonatomic games over a Banach space, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 293 (1986), 737–749.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. M. Ali Khan, On Cournot-Nash equilibrium distributions for games with a non-metrizable action space and upper semi-continuous payoffs, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 315 (1989), 127–146.

    Google Scholar 

  31. M. Ali Khan and N. S. Papageorgiou, On Cournot-Nash equilibria in generalized quantitative games with an atomless measure space of agents, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 100 (1987), 505–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. M. Ali Khan and A. Rustichini, On Cournot-Nash equilibrium distributions with uncertainty and imperfect information, Johns Hopkins Working Paper, #222.

    Google Scholar 

  33. M. Ali Khan and A. Rustichini, Cournot-Nash equilibrium distributions for games with differential information, in: M. Thera and B. Baillon eds., Fixed Point Theory (Pitman Research Notes in Mathematics, London), forthcoming.

    Google Scholar 

  34. M. Ali Khan and Y. Sun, On a reformulation of Cournot-Nash equilibria, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 146 (1990), 442–460.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. M. Ali Khan and R. Vohra, Equilibrium in abstract economies with non-ordered preferences and with a measure space of agents, J. Math. Econom. 13 (1984), 133–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. T. Kim, K. Prikry and N. C. Yannelis, Equilibria in abstract economies with a measure space of agents and with an infinite dimensional strategy space, J. Approx. Theory 56 (1989), 256–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. D. Kreps and R. Wilson, Sequential equilibria, Econometrica 50 (1982), 863–894.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. J. Marschak, et al, Personal probabilities of probabilities, Theory and Decision 6 (1975), 121–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. A. Mas-Colell, On a theorem of Schmeidler, J. Math. Econom. 13 (1984), 201–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. D. Schmeidler, Equilibrium points of nonatomic games, J. Statist. Phys. 7 (1973), 295–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. L. Schwartz, Radon Measures on Arbitrary Topological Spaces, Oxford University Press, Bombay, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  42. R. Selten, Reexamination of the perfectness concept for equilibrium points in extensive form games, Intern. J. Game Theory 4 (1975), 25–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. F. Topsoe, Topology and Measure, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, # 133, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  44. N. C. Yannelis, Equilibria in non-cooperative models of competition, J. Econom. Theory 41 (1987), 96–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. N. C. Yannelis, Set-valued functions of two variables in economic theory, forthcoming in: M. Ali Khan and N. Yannelis eds., Economies with an Infinite Number of Commodities, (Springer-Verlag, Berlin & New York, 1991), pp. 36–72.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Chakrabarti, S.K., Khan, M.A. (1991). Equilibria of Large Games with Imperfect Observability. In: Positive Operators, Riesz Spaces, and Economics. Studies in Economic Theory, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58199-1_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58199-1_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63502-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-58199-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics