Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants V pp 269–286Cite as

Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. (Sainfoin): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Condensed Tannins

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry ((AGRICULTURE,volume 24))

Abstract

Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. (family Leguminoseae) is a perennial forage legume that has been grown in Europe and Asia for centuries (Duke 1981). The most widely used common name, sainfoin, is derived from the French “saint foin” meaning holy or wholesome hay. Other common names include: holy or holy hay, French grass, everlasting grass, medick vetchling, cockshead, esparcet, or snail grass. Its botanical genus name, Onobrychis, comes from the Greek words “onos” meaning ass, and it is felt that brychis is derived from “bruchis”, a plant. This provides some insight into the value that was placed on this species because it had been noted that asses were particularly partial to sainfoin as a feed (Usman 1967). Sainfoin grew in Russia as a forage crop over 1000 years ago and was noted in France in the 14th century, Germany in the 17th century, and Italy in the 18th century (Ditterline and Cooper 1975). The first introductions of sainfoin came to North America from Europe in the early 1900s, but its success as a forage crop did not occur until the 1960s when strains from Turkey and the USSR displayed the necessary adaptibility and yield to enable the development of cultivars for the Northern Great Plains and Canadian Prairies (Hanna et al. 1977). Although North American cultivars are restricted to the species O. viciifolia, there are other species in cultivated use. O. arenaria (Kit.) DC. and O. transcaucasica Grossh. are cultivated in the USSR and China, while O. sativa Lam. is grown in Great Britain (Hoveland and Townsend 1985) along with O. viciifolia (Doyle et al. 1984).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ahuja PS, Lu Dy, Cocking EC, Davey MR (1983) An assessment of the cultural capabilities of Trifolium repens L. (white clover) and Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. (sainfoin) mesophyll protoplasts. Plant Cell Rep 2:269–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arcioni S, Mariotti D (1982) Tissue culture and plant regeneration in Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. Z Pflanzenzücht 90:13–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Atanassov A, Brown DCW (1984) Plant regeneration from suspension culture and mesophyll protoplasts of Medicago sativa L. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 3:149–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bate-Smith EC (1962) The phenolic constituents of plants and their taxonomic significance. J Linn Soc (Bot) 58:95–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bate-Smith EC (1975) Phytochemistry of proanthocyanidins. Phytochemistry 14:1107–1113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becker P (1984) Tannin structure and function: keeping our perspective. Am Nat 124:134–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bell AA (1981) Biochemical mechanisms of disease resistance. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 32:21–81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blaydes DF (1966) Interaction of kinetin and various inhibitors in the growth of soybean tissue. Physiol Plant 19:748–753

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broadhurst RB, Jones WT (1978) Analysis of condensed tannins using acidified vanillin. J Sci Food Agric 29:788–794

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burns RE (1971) Method for estimation of tannin in grain sorghum. Agron J 63:511–512

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butcher DN (1977) Secondary products in tissue cultures. In: Reinert J, Bajaj YPS (eds) Applied and fundamental aspects of plant cell, tissue and organ culture. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 668493

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler LG (1987) Sorghum polyphenols. In: Cheeke PR (ed) Toxicants of plant origin, vol IV. Phenolics. CRC, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 95–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Cai T, Ejeta G, Axtell JD, Butler LG (1990) Somaclonal variation in high tannin sorghums. Theor Appl Gen 70:731–747

    Google Scholar 

  • Camazine S (1986) Zuni indian medicine: folklore or pharmacology, science or sorcery? In: Steiner RP (ed) Folk Medicine, the Art and the Science. Amer Chem Soc, Washington, pp 23–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Chalker-Scott L, Krahmer RL (1988) Microscopic studies of tannin formation and distribution in plant tissues. In: Hemingway RW, Karchesy JJ (eds) Chemistry and significance of condensed tannins. Plenum, New York, pp 345–368

    Google Scholar 

  • Constabel F, Gamborg OL, Kurz GWG, Steck W (1974) Production of secondary metabolites in plant cell cultures. Planta Med 25:158–165

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ditterline RL, Cooper CS (1975) Fifteen years with sainfoin. Bulletin 681 Montana Agric Exp Stn, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, Montana, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyle CJ, Thomson DJ, Sheehy JE (1984) The future of sainfoin in British agriculture. Grass Forage Sci 39:43–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duke JA (1981) Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. In: Duke JA (ed) Handbook of legumes of world economic importance. Plenum, New York, pp 177–180

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Fahey GC Jr, Jung H-JG (1987) Phenolic compounds in forages and fibrous feedstuffs. In: Cheeke PR (ed) Toxicants of plant origin, vol IV. Phenolics. CRC, Boca Raton, Florida, pp 123–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Farnsworth NR, Bingel AS, Fong HHS, Salen AA, Christenson GM, Saufferer SM (1976) Oncogenic and tumor-promoting spermatophytes and pteridophytes and their active principles. Cancer Treat Rep 60(8): 1171–1214

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fay, JP, Cheng K-J, Hanna MR, Howarth RE, Costerton JW (1981) A scanning electron microscopy study of the invasion of leaflets of a bloat-safe and a bloat-causing legume by rumen microorganisms. Can J Microbial 27(4):390–399

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fong HH, Bhatti W, Farnsworth NR (1972) Antitumor activity of certain plants due to tannins. J PharmSci 61(11): 1818

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gershenzon J (1984) Changes in the levels of plant secondary metabolite production under water and nutrient stress. In: Timmerman B, Steelink C, Loewus FA (eds) Recent advances in phytochemistry vol 18. Plenum, New York, pp 273–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilmour DM, Davey MR, Cocking EC, Pental D (1987) Culture of low numbers of forage legume protoplasts in membrane chambers. J Plant Physiol 129:457–465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goplen BP, Howarth RE, Sarkar SK, Lesins K (1980) A search for condensed tannins in annual and perennial species of Medicago trigonella and Onobrychis. Crop Sci 20:801–804

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gu Z (1987) Callus culture of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) and plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis. Ann Bot 60:309–313

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagerman AE, Butler LG (1978) Protein precipitation method for the quantitative determination of tannins. J Agric Food Chem 26:809–812

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagerman AE, Butler LG (1981) Specificity of proanthocyanidin-protein interactions. J Biol Chem 256:4494–4497

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagerman AE, Robbins CT (1987) Implications of soluble tannin-protein complexes for tannin analysis and plant defense mechanisms. J Chem Ecol 13(5): 1243–1259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halloin JM (1982) Localization and changes in catechin and tannins during development and ripening of cottonseed. New Phytol 90:651457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamill JD, Ahuja PS, Davey MR, Cocking EC (1986) Protoplast-derived streptomycin resistant plants of the forage legume Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. (sainfoin). Plant Cell Rep 5:439–441

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanna M, Cooke DA, Smoliak S, Goplen BP, Wilson DB (1977) Sainfoin for Western Canada. Bull 1470, Agriculture Canada Information Division, Ottawa, Canada, p 5

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartwell JL, Abbott BJ (1969) Antineoplastic principles in plants: recent developments in the field. Adv Pharmacol Chemother 7:117–209

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haslam E (1977) Symmetry and promiscuity in procyanidin biochemistry. Phytochemistry 16:1625–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haslam E (1981) Vegetable tannins. In: Conn EE (ed) The biochemistry of plants, vol 7, Secondary plant products. Academic Press, New York, pp. 527–556

    Google Scholar 

  • Haslam E (1988) Plant polyphenols (syn. vegetable tannins) and chemical defense — a reappraisal. J Chem Ecol 14(10): 1789–1805

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hemingway RW (1988a) Structural variations in proanthocyanidins and their derivatives. In: Hemingway RW, Karchesy JJ (eds) Chemistry and significance of condensed tannins. Plenum, New York, pp 83–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemingway RW (1988b) Reactions at the interflavanoid bond of proanthocyanidins. In: Hemingway RW, Karchesy JJ (eds) Chemistry and significance of condensed tannins. Plenum, New York, pp 265–283

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemingway RW, Karchesy JJ (1988) Chemistry and significance of condensed tannins. Plenum, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrick FW (1980) Chemistry and utilization of western hemlock bark extractives. J Agric Food Chem 28:228–237

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heszky L (1975) Production of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) callus and plant regeneration from tissue culture. Bot Kozlem 62:85–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Hostettman K (1989) Plant-derived molluscicides of current importance In: Wagner H, Hikino H, Farnsworth N (eds) Economic and medicinal plant research vol 3. Academic Press, New York, pp 73–102

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hoveland CS, Townsend DE (1985) Other legumes. In: Heath ME, Barnes RF, Metcalfe DS (eds) Forages: the science of grassland agriculture. 4th edn. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA, p 146–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Howell CR, Bell AA, Stipanovic RD (1976) Effect of aging on flavonoid content and resistance of cotton leaves to verticillium wilt. Physiol Plant Pathol 8:181–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ishikura N, Teramoto S (1983) Procyanidins and catechin from callus and cell suspension cultures of Cryptomeria japonica. Agric Biol Chem 47:421423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ishimaru K, Hirose M, Takahashi K, Kiyotaka K, Shimomura K (1990) Tannin production in root culture of Sanguisorba officinalis. Phytochemistry 29:3827–3830

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jalal MAF, Collins HA (1979) Secondary metabolism in tissue cultures of Theobroma cacao. New Phytol 83:343–349

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones WT, Mangan JL (1977) Complexes of the condensed tannins of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifoila Scop.) with fraction 1 leaf protein and with submaxillary mucoprotein, and their reversal by polyethylene glycol and pH. J Sci Food Agric 28:126–136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones WT, Broadhurst RB, Lyttleton JW (1976) The condensed tannins of pasture legume species. Phytochemistry 15:1407–1409

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kao KN (1977) Chromosomal behavior in somatic hybrids of soybean — Nicotiana glauca. Mol Gen Genet 150:225–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kapadia GJ, Paul BD, Chung EB, Ghosh B, Pradhan SN (1976) Carcinogenicity of Camellia sinensis (tea) and some tannin-containing folk medicinal herbs administered subcutaneously in rats. J Natl Cancer Inst 57(1): 207–209

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kapoor LD (1990) CRC Handbook of ayurvedic medicinal plants. CRC Boca Raton, Florida, pp 12, 85

    Google Scholar 

  • Karchesy JJ (1988) Analytical methods: an overview. In: Hemingway RW, Karchesy JJ (eds) Chemistry and significance of condensed tannins. Plenum, New York, pp 197–202

    Google Scholar 

  • Konowalchuk J, Speirs JI (1976) Virus inactivation by grapes and wines. J Appl Environ Microbiol 32(6): 757–763

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lees GL (1986) Condensed tannin in the tissue culture of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Plant Cell Rep 5:247–251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lees GL, (1988) Influence of benzyladenine on condensed tannin formation and callus growth in cultures from sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) cotyledons. Plant Cell Rep 7:166–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis NG, Yamamoto E (1988) Tannins — their place in plant metabolism. In: Hemingway RW, Karchesy JJ (eds) Chemistry and significance of condensed tannins. Plenum Press, New York, pp 23–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Linsmaier EM, Skoog F (1965) Organic growth factor requirements of tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 18:100–127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loub WD, Fong HHS, Theiner M, Farnsworth NF (1973) Partial characterization of antitumor tannin isolated from Calycogonium squamulosum (Melastomataceae). J Pharm Sci 62(1): 149–150

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mantell SH, Smith H (1983) Cultural factors that influence secondary metabolite accumulations in plant cell and tissue cultures. In: Mantell SH, Smith H (eds) Plant biotechnology. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 75–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Marquardt RR (1989) Dietary effects of tannins, vicine and convicine. In: Huisman J, van der Poel TFB, Liener IE (eds) Recent advances of research in antinutritional factors in legume seeds. Pudoc, Wageningen, pp 141–155

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall DR, Broué P, Munday F (1979) Tannins in pasture legumes. Aust J Exp Agric Anim Husb 19:192–197

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marten GC (1985) Factors affecting feeding value and effective utilization of forages for animal production. In: Proc XV Intl Grassland Cong, Kyoto, Japan, pp 89–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin MM, Martin JS (1984) Surfactants: their role in preventing the precipitation of proteins by tannins in insect guts. Oecologia 61:342–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mehansho H, Hagerman A, Clements S, Butler L, Rogler J, Carlson DM (1983) Modulation of prolinerich protein biosynthesis in rat parotid glands by sorghums with high tannin levels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:3948–3952

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morton JF (1968) A survey of medicinal plants of Curacao. Econ Bot 22(1): 87–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morton JF (1972) Further associations of plant tannins and human cancer. Q J Crude Drug Res 12(1): 1829–1841

    Google Scholar 

  • Morton JF (1973) Plant products and occupational materials ingested by esophageal cancer victims in South Carolina. Q J Crude Drug Res 13(1):2005–2022

    Google Scholar 

  • Morton JF (1980) Search for carcinogenic principles. In: Swain T, Kleiman R (eds) Recent advances in phytochemistry, vol 14. The resource potential in phytochemistry. Plenum, New York, pp 53–73

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Morton JF (1988) Tannin as a carcinogen in bush-tea: tea, maté, and khat. In: Hemingway RW, Karchesy JJ (eds) Chemistry and significance of condensed tannins. Plenum, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muthukumar G, Sivaramakrishnan R, Mahadevan A (1985) Effect of tannins on plants and on their productivity. Proc Indian Nat Sci Acad B51(2): 270–281

    Google Scholar 

  • Osbourn DF, Thomson DJ, Terry RA (1966) The relationship between voluntary intake and digestibility of forage crops, using sheep. In: Hill AGG (ed) Proc X Int’l Grassland Cong, Helsinki, Finland, pp 363–367

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker RJ, Moss BR, (1981) Nutritional value of sainfoin hay compared with alfalfa hay. J Dairy Sci 64:206210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perdue RE, Hartwell JL (1969) Crop quality and utilization: enzyme inhibition by Sericea lespedeza tannins and the use of supplements to restore activity. Crop Sci 31:827–832

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter LJ, Hrstich LN, Chan BG (1986) The conversion of procyanidins and prodelphinidins to cyanidin and delphinidin. Phytochemistry 25:223–230

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Price ML, Van Scoyoc S, Butler LG (1978) A critical evaluation of the vanillin reaction as an assay for tannin in sorghum grain. J Agric Food Chem 26:1214–1218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pupilli F, Damiani F, Pezzotti M, Arcioni S (1989) Plant regeneration from callus protoplasts of Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. (sainfoin). Plant Sci 63:87–94

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribereau-Gayon P (1972) The tannins. In: Heywood VH (ed) University reviews in botany, vol 3. Plant phenolics. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, pp 169–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Robbins CT, Hanley TA, Hagerman AE, Hjeljord O, Baker DL, Schwartz CC, Mautz WW (1987) Role of tannins in defending plants against ruminants: Reduction in protein availability. Ecology 68(1): 98–107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar SK, Howarth RE (1976) Specificity of the vanillin test for flavanols. Agric Food Chem 24:317–320

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar SK, Howarth RE, Goplen BP (1976) Condensed tannins in herbaceous legumes. Crop Sci 16:543–546

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scalbert A, Haslam E (1987) Polyphenols and chemical defence of the leaves of Quercus robur. Phytochemistry 26:3191–3195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz JC (1988) Tannin-insect interactions In: Hemingway RW, Karchesy JJ (eds) Chemistry and significance of condensed tannins. Plenum, New York, pp 417–433

    Google Scholar 

  • Schenk RU, Hildebrandt AC (1972) Medium and techniques for induction and growth of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous cell cultures. Can J Bot 50-199-204

    Google Scholar 

  • Smoliak S, Wilson DB (1982) Forage crops in the Prairies. Forage Symp, Ottawa, pp 35–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Stafford HA, Lester HH (1980) Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) in green cell suspension cultures of Douglas fir compared with those in strawberry and avocado leaves by means of C-18 reversed phase chromatography. Plant Physiol 66:1085

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stafford HA, Lester HH (1981) Proanthocyanidins and potential precursors in needles of Douglas-fir and in cell suspension cultures derived from seedling shoot tissues. Plant Physiol 68:1035

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun LH, Jian LC (1990) Cryopreservation of sainfoin tissue cultures and their ultrastructural observation. Acta Bot Sin 32:262–267

    Google Scholar 

  • Swain T (1977) Secondary compounds as protective agents. In: Briggs WR, Green PB, Jones RL (eds) Annu Rev Plant Physiol 28:479–501

    Google Scholar 

  • Swain T (1979) Tannins and lignins. In: Rosenthal GA, Janzen DH (eds) Herbivores: their interaction with secondary plant metabolites. Academic Press, Toronto, pp 657–682

    Google Scholar 

  • Swain T, Goldstein JL (1964) The quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds. In: Pridham JB (ed) Methods in polyphenol chemistry. Permagon, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson DJ (1977) The role of legumes in improving the quality of forage diets. Proc Int Mtg Anim Prod from Temperate Grasslands, pp 131–135 Dublin, Ireland, 1977 June

    Google Scholar 

  • Trease GE, Evans WC (1978) Phenols and phenolyic glycosides. In: Trease GE, Evans WC (eds) Pharmacognosy, 11th edn Bailliere Tindall, London, pp 356–404

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler VE, Brady LR, Robbers JE (1988) Glycosides and tannins. In: Tyler VE, Brady LR, Robbers JE (eds) Pharmacognosy 9th edn. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp 57–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Uchimiya H, Murashige T (1974) Evaluation of parameters in the isolation of viable protoplasts from cultured tobacco cells. Plant Physiol 54:936–944

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Usman SM (1967) Some cultural and physiological aspects of sainfoin. Masters Thesis University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb KJ, Woodcock S, Pike LS, Dale PJ (1986) Plant regeneration in the forage legumes. In: Withers LA, Alderson PG (eds) Plant tissue culture and its agricultural applications, Butterworths, London, pp 99–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Whyte RO. Nilsson-Leissner G. Trumble HC (1953) Legumes in agriculture. Plant Prod Br Agric Div FAO. Rome. Italy

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong WC, Preece TF (1978) Erwinia salicas in cricket bat willows: phenolic constituents in healthy and diseased wood. Physiol Plant Pathol 12:349–357

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yazaki K. Okuda T (1990a) Condensed tannin production in callus and suspension cultures of Cinnamomum cassia. Phymchemistry 29:15591562

    Google Scholar 

  • Yazaki K. Okuda T (19YOb) Procyanidins in callus and multiple shoot cultures of Hypericum erectum. Planta Med 56:490–491

    Google Scholar 

  • Zucker WV (1983) Does structure determine function? An ecological perspective. Am Nat 121:335–365

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agriculture Canada Research Station, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N OX2

    G. L. Lees

Authors
  1. G. L. Lees
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. A-137 New Friends Colony, New Delhi, 110065, India

    Y. P. S. Bajaj

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lees, G.L. (1993). Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. (Sainfoin): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Condensed Tannins. In: Bajaj, Y.P.S. (eds) Medicinal and Aromatic Plants V. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol 24. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58062-8_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58062-8_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63459-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-58062-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation