Abstract
In life insurance and finance, stochastically discounted sums of the following type are important:
where (Z i) and (Vi) are independent iid sequences satisfying mild moment conditions. Sums of this type are called perpetuities. The Y i are interpreted as payments, the Zi as discount factors. The distributional properties of S n, for n < ∞, can be studied via the following random equation:
where S o:= 0. In this paper we discuss some aspects of the behaviour of solutions of this and related random equations, and their applications to perpetuities.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aebi, M., Embrechts, P. & Mikosch, T., Stochastic discounting, aggregate claims and the bootstrap. Report, 1992, Departement Mathematik, ETH, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland; Adv. Appl. Probab. (March 1994) (to appear).
Aldous, D., Probability Approximations via the Poisson Clumping Heuristic, Applied Math. Sciences 77, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989. Bougerol, Ph. & Picard, N., Strict stationarity of generalized autoregressive processes, Ann. Probab. 20 (1992), 1714-1730.
Brandt, A., The stochastic equation with stationary coefficients, Adv. Appl. Probab. 18 (1986), 211–220.
Brandt, A., Franken, P. & Lisek, B., Stationary Stochastic Models, Wiley Ser. in Probab. & Math. Stat., Wiley, Chichester, UK, 1990.
Burton, R. M. & Rösler, U., An L2 convergence theorem for random affine mappings, Report, 1993, Dept. Math., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
De Schepper, A., De Vylder, F., Goovaerts, M. & Kaas, R., Interest randomness in annuities certain, Insurance: Math. and Econom. 11 (1992), 271–282.
De Schepper, A., Goovaerts, M.& Delbaen, F., The Laplace transform of annuities certain with exponential time distributions, Insurance: Math. and Econom. 11 (1992), 291–299.
Dufresne, D., The distribution of a perpetuity, with applications to risk theory and pension funding, Scand. Act. J. no. 1-2 (1991), 39–79.
Dufresne, D., On discounting when rates of return are random, in Comptes rendus du 24e Congrés International des Actuaires, Montréal, 1992.
Feigin, P. D. & Tweedie, R. L., Random coefficient autoregressive processes: a Markov chain analysis of stationarity and finiteness of moments, J. Time Series Anal. 6 (1985), 1–14.
Geman, H. & Yor, M., Bessel processes, Asian options and perpetuities, Report, 1992, Dépt. Finance, ESSEC, 95021 Cergy-Pontoise, France.
Goldie, C. M., Implicit renewal theory and tails of solutions of random equations, Ann. Appl. Probab. 1 (1991), 126–166.
Grey, D. R., Regular variation in the tail behaviour of solutions of random difference equations, Report, 1993, Dept. Prob. & Stat., Univ. Sheffield, PO Box 597, Sheffield S10 2UN, UK; Ann. Appl. Probab. (to appear).
Grey, D. R. & Lu Zhunwei, The fractional linear probability generating function in the random environment branching process, Report, 1992, Dept. Prob. & Stat., Univ. Sheffield, PO Box 597, Sheffield S10 2UN, UK.
Grey, D. R. & Lu Zhunwei, The asymptotic behaviour of extinction probability in the Smith-Wilkinson branching process, Adv. Appl. Probab. 25 (1993), 263–289.
Grincevičius, A. K., On the continuity of the distribution of a sum of dependent variables connected with independent walks on lines, Theor. Prob. Appl. 19 (1974), 163–168.
Grincevičius, A. K., One limit distribution for a random walk on the line, Lithuanian Math. J. 15 (1975), 580–589.
Grincevičius, A. K., Approxirnation-in-variation of distributions of products of random linear transformations of a straight line, Lithuanian Math. J. 18 (1978), 183–190.
Guegan, D., A continuous time ARCH model, Report, 1992, Inst. Galilée, Av. Jean Baptiste Clément, 93430 Vffletaneuse, France.
Haan, L. de & Karandikar, R. L., Embedding a stochastic difference equation into a continuous-time process, Stoch. Proc. Appl. 32 (1989), 225–235.
Haan, L. de, Resnick, S. I., Rootsén, H., Vries, C. G.de, Extremal behaviour of solutions to a stochastic difference equation, with applications to ARCH processes, Stoch. Proc. Appl. 32 (1989), 213–224.
Kellerer, H. G., Ergodic behaviour of affine recursions, I: criteria for recurrence and transience, II: invariant measures and ergodic theorems, III: positive recurrence and null recurrence, Reports, 1992, Math. Inst. Univ. München, Theresienstrasse 39, D-8000 München, Germany. Kesten, H., Random difference equations and renewal theory for products of random matrices, Acta Math. 131 (1973), 207–248.
esten, H. & Maller, R. A., Infinite limits and infinite limit points of random walks and trimmed sums, Report, 1993, Dept. Math., Univ. Western Australia, Nedlands, W.A. 6009, Australia.
Letac, G., A contraction principle for certain Markov chains and its applications, in Random Matrices and their Applications (Proc. AMS-IMS-SIAM Joint Summer Research Conf. 1984) (J. E. Cohen, H. Kesten, C. E. Newman, eds.), Contemporary Mathematics 50, Amer. Math. Soc, Providence, R.I., 1986, pp. 263-273.
Lindley, D. V., The theory of queues with a single server, Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 48 (1952), 277–289.
Loynes, R. M., The stability of a queue with non-independent inter-arrival and service times, Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 58 (1962), 497–520.
le Page, E., Théorèmes de renouvellement pour les produits de matrices aléatoires; équations aux différences aléatoires. Séminaire de Probabilités, Rennes 1983, pp. 116. Publ. Sém. Math. I, Univ. Rennes, 1983.
Pakes, A. G., Some properties of a random linear difference equation, Austral. J. Statist. 25 (1983), 345–357.
Perfekt, R., Extremal behaviour of stationary Markov chains with applications, Report, 1991, Dept. Math. Stat., Univ. Lund, S-22100 Lund, Sweden.
Rachev, S. T. & Rüschendorf, L., Probability metrics and recursive algorithms, Report, 1991, Dept. Stat. & Appl. Probab., Univ. California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
Rachev, S. T. & Saxnorodnitsky, G., Limit laws for a stochastic process and random recursion arising in probabilistic modelling, Report, 1992, Sunnol of O.R. & I.E., ETC Bldng., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853-3801, USA.
Rachev, S. T. & Todorovic, P., On the rate of convergence of some functionals of a stochastic process, J. Appl. Probab. 27 (1990), 805–814.
Resnick, S. I. & Willekens, E., Moving averages with random coefficients and random coefficient autoregressive models, Commun. Stat.-Stoch. Models 7 (1991), 511–525.
Rootsén, H., Extreme value theory for moving average processes, Ann. Probab. 14 (1986), 612–652.
Vervaat, W., On a stochastic difference equation and a representation of non-negative infinitely divisible random variables, Adv. Appl. Probab. 11 (1979), 750–783.
Wolfe, S. J., On a continuous analogue of the stochastic difference equation , Stoch. Proc. Appl. 12 (1982), 301–312.
Yor, M., Some aspects of Brownian motion. Part I: Some special functionals, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, ETH-Zürich, Birkhäuser, Basel, 1992.
Paul Embrechts, Department of Mathematics, ETH-Zentrum, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland Charles M. Goldie, Sunnol of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary & Westfield College, Mile End Road, London El 4NS, UK
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Embrechts, P., Goldie, C. (1994). Perpetuities and Random Equations. In: Mandl, P., Hušková, M. (eds) Asymptotic Statistics. Contributions to Statistics. Physica, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57984-4_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57984-4_6
Publisher Name: Physica, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-7908-0770-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-57984-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive