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Maize pp 50–65Cite as

Ultrastructural Studies on Callus Development and Somatic Embryogenesis in Zea mays L

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Part of the book series: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry ((AGRICULTURE,volume 25))

Abstract

Plant regeneration from immature embryos may follow different pathways. First, one may distinguish between a direct and an indirect way. The former implies the de novo development of meristems on the immature embryo from which new expiants originate. In the case of indirect regeneration, the development of new plantlets from the expiant is interrupted by an intervening callus phase. A second distinction in the regeneration process is made between organo-genesis, or shoot morphogenesis, and somatic embryogenesis. In the case of organogenesis, shoots are formed upon the expiant (directly) or on callus tissue (indirectly). Similarly, somatic embryos may develop directly or indirectly, depending on the absence or presence of an intervening callus phase. Figure 1 shows the different morphogenetic ways of regeneration as observed in embryo cultures of Zea mays (Green and Phillips 1975; Springer et al. 1979; Lu et al. 1982; Armstrong and Green 1985; Vasil et al. 1985; Fransz and Schel 1987). All studies used immature embryos with a scutellum length of 1.5-2 mm, which proved to be a sufficient specification of the required developmental stage. This chapter comprises a structural analysis of these various processes by light and electron microscopy.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Cytology and Morphology, Agricultural University, Arboretumlaan 4, BD Wageningen, 6703, The Netherlands

    P. F. Fransz & J. H. N. Schel

Authors
  1. P. F. Fransz
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  2. J. H. N. Schel
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. A-137 New Friends Colony, 110065, New Delhi, India

    Y. P. S. Bajaj

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© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Fransz, P.F., Schel, J.H.N. (1994). Ultrastructural Studies on Callus Development and Somatic Embryogenesis in Zea mays L. In: Bajaj, Y.P.S. (eds) Maize. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol 25. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57968-4_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57968-4_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63419-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-57968-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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