Skip to main content

Transformation of Maize Protoplasts

  • Chapter
Maize

Part of the book series: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry ((AGRICULTURE,volume 25))

Abstract

The early 1980s were marked by the first reports (subsequently confirmed and reproduced in other labs) on Ti plasmid DNA transformation of plant protoplasts (Davey et al. 1980; Krens et al. 1982). Soon after, however, research activities were directed toward the genetic transformation of plant cells, rather than protoplasts, using Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a natural DNA transfer system (review: Hooykaas 1989). The genetic transformation of dicotyledonous plants was achieved but the Agrobacterium system proved to be ineffective in transformation of most monocot species. Attempts to show Agrobacterium infection of maize cells met with only partial success (Graves and Goldman 1986; Grimsley et al. 1987).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Antonelli NM, Stadler J (1989) Chemical methods for efficient direct gene transfer to maize cells: treatment with polyethylene glycol or Polybrene. J Genet Breed 43: 113–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Antonelli NM, Stadler J (1990) Genomic DNA can be used with cationic methods for highly efficient transformation of maize protoplasts. Theor Appl Genet 80: 395–401

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong CL, Petersen WL, Buchholz WG, Bowen BA, Sulc SL (1990) Factors affecting PEG-mediated stable transformation of maize protoplasts. Plant Cell Rep 9: 335–339

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong CL, Murray MG, Romero-Severson J, Hodges TK (1992) Improved tissue culture response of an elite maize inbred through backcross breeding, and identification of chromosomal regions important for regeneration by RFLP analysis. Theor Appl Genet 84: 755–762

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Artelt P, Grannemann R, Stocking C., Friel J, Bartsch J, Hauser H (1991) The prokaryotic neomycin-resistance-encoding gene acts as a transcriptional silencer in eukaryotic cells. Gene 99: 249–254

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ballas N, Zakai N, Friedberg D, Loyter A (1988) Linear forms of plasmid DNA are superior to supercoiled structures as active templates for gene expression in plant protoplasts. Plant Mol Biol 11: 517–527

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Battraw MJ, Hall TC (1990) Histochemical analysis of CaMV 35S promoter-β-glucuronidase gene expression in transgenic rice plants. Plant Mol Biol 15: 527–538

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baur M, Potrykus I, Paszkowski J (1990) Intermolecular homologous recombination in plants. Mol Cell Biol 10: 492–500

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beckert M, Qing CM (1984) Results of a diallel trial and a breeding experiment for in vitro aptitude in maize. Theor Appl Genet 68: 247–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bower R, Birch RG (1990) Competence for gene transfer by electroporation in a sub-population of protoplasts from uniform carrot cell suspension cultures. Plant Cell Rep 9: 386–389

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cai QG, Quo CS, Qian YQ, Jing RX, Zhou YL (1987) Plant regeneration from protoplasts of corn (Zea mays L.). Acta Bot Sin 29: 453–458

    Google Scholar 

  • Callis J, Fromm M, Walbot V (1987) Introns increase gene expression in cultured maize cells. Genes Dev 1: 1183–1200

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang S, Cohen SN (1979) High frequency transformation of Bacillus stubtilis protoplasts by plasmid DNA. Mol Gen Genet 168: 111–115

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapel M, Glimelius K (1990) Temporary inhibition of cell wall synthesis improves the transient expression of the GUS gene in Brassica napus mesophyll protoplasts. Plant Cell Rep 9: 105–108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chourey PS, Zurawski DB (1981) Callus formation from protoplasts of a maize cell culture. Theor Appl Genet 59: 341–344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Close KR, Gallagher-Ludeman LA (1989) Structure-activity relationships of auxin-like plant growth regulators and genetic influences on the culture induction response in maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Sci 61: 245–252

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Czernilofsky AP, Hain R, Herrera-Estrella L, Lorz H, Goyvaerts E, Baker BJ, Schell J (1986) Fate of selectable marker DNA integrated into the genome of Nicoiiana tabacum. DNA 5: 473–482

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davey MR, Cocking EC, Freeman J, Pearce N, Tudor I (1980) Transformation of Petunia protoplasts by isolated Agrobacterium plasmids. Plant Sci Lett 18: 307–313

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dean C., Favreau M, Bond-Nutter D, Bedbrook J, Dunsmuir P (1989) Sequences downstream of translation start regulate quantitative expression of Petunia rbcS genes. Plant Cell 1: 201–208

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fromm M, Walbot V(1987) Transient expression of DNA in plant cells. In: Hohn TL, Schell J (eds) Plant DNA infectious agents. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 303–309

    Google Scholar 

  • Fromm M, Taylor LP, Walbot V (1985) Expression of genes transferred into monocot and dicot plant cells by electroporation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 5824–5828

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fromm ME, Taylor LP, Walbot V (1986) Stable transformation of maize after gene transfer by electroporation. Nature 319: 791–793

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fromm ME, Morrish F, Armstrong C., Williams R, Thomas J, Klein TM (1990) Inheritance and expression of chimeric genes in the progeny of transgenic maize plants. Bio/Technology 8:833–839

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furner IJ, Higgins ES, Berrington AW (1989) Single-stranded DNA transforms plant protoplasts. Mol Gen Genet 220: 65–68

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gal S, Pisan B, Hohn T, Grimsley N, Hohn B (1991) Genomic homologous recombination in plants. EMBOJ 10: 1571–1578

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gharti-Chhetri GB, Cherdshewasart W, Dewulf J, Paszkowski J, Jacobs M, Negrutiu I (1990) Hybrid genes in the analysis of transformation conditions. 3. Temporal/spatial fate of NPTII gene integration, its Inheritance and factors affecting these processes in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Plant Mol Biol 14: 687–696

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon-Kamm WJ, Spencer TM, Mangano ML, Adams TR, Daines RJ, Start WG, O’Brien JV, Chambers SA, Adams WR, Willetts NG, Rice TB, Mackey CJ, Krueger RW, Kausch AP, Lemaux PG (1990) Transformation of maize cells and regeneration of fertile transgenic plants. Plant Cell 2: 603–618

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goring DR, Thomson L, Rothstein SJ (1991) Transformation of a partial nopaline synthase gene into tobacco suppresses the expression of a resident wild-type gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 1770–1774

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gottlob-McHugh SG, Miki BL (1991) Unusual regulation of a potato cytosolic pyruvate kinase cDNA in transgenic tobacco. In: Hallick RB (ed) Abstr 3rd Int Congr ISPMB October 6-11 Tucson, p 425

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould AR, Ashmore SE (1982) Interaction of purified DNA with plant protoplasts of different cell cycle stage: the concept of a competent phase for plant cell transformation. Theor Appl Genet 64: 7–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gould AR, Ashmore SE, Gibbs AJ (1981) Cell cycle related changes in the quantity of TMV virions bound to protoplasts of Nicotiana syivestris. Protoplasma 108: 211–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gould J, Devey M, Hasegawa O, Ulian EC, Peterson G, Smith RH (1991) Transformation of Zea mays L. using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the shoot apex. Plant Physiol 95: 426–434

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham FL, van der EB AJ, Heijneker HL (1974) Size and location of the transforming region in human adenovirus type 5 DNA. Nature 251: 687–691

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graves ACF, Goldman SL (1986) The transformation of Zea mays seedlings with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Plant Mol Biol 7: 43–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green CE, Phillips RL (1975) Plant regeneration from tissue cultures of maize. Crop Sci 15: 417–420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grimsley N, Hohn T, Davies JW, Hohn B (1987) Agrobacterium-mediated delivery of infectious maize streak virus into maize plants. Nature 325: 177–179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grimsley N, Hohn T, Ramos C., Kado C., Rogowsky P (1989) DNA transfer from Agrobacterium to Zea mays or Brassica by agroinfection is dependent on bacterial virulence functions. Mol Gen Genet 217: 309–316

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hain R, Stabel P, Czernilofsky AP Steinbiss HH, Herrrera-Estrella L, Schell J (1985) Uptake, integration, expression and genetic transmission of a selectable chimeric gene by plant protoplasts. Mol Gen Gnet 199: 161–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hauptmann RM, Vasil V, Ozias-Akins P, Tabaeizadeh Z, Rogers SG, Fraley RT, Horsch RB, Vasil IK (1988) Evaluation of selectable markers for obtaining stable transformants in the Gramineae. Plant Physiol 86: 602–606

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinnen A, Hicks JB, Fink GR(1978) Transformation of yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA75:1929–1933

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs SLA, Kpodar P, DeLong CMO (1990) The effect of T-DNA copy number, position and methylation on reporter gene expression in tobacco transformants. Plant Mol Biol 15: 851–864

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hodges TK, Kamo KK, Imbrie CW, Becwar MR (1986) Genotype specificity of somatic embryo-genesis and regeneration in maize. Bio/Technology 4: 219–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hooykaas PJJ (1989) Transformation of plant cells via Agrobacterium. Plant Mol Biol 13: 327–336

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard EA, Walker JC, Dennis ES, Peacock WJ (1987) Regulated expression of an alcohol dehydro-genase 1 chimeric gene introduced into maize protoplasts. Planta 170: 535–540

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang YW, Dennis ES (1989) Factors influencing stable transformation of maize protoplasts by electroporation. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 18: 281–296

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt AG, Mogen BD, Chu NM, Chua NH (1991) The SV40 small t intron is accurately and efficiently spliced in tobacco cells. Plant Mol Biol 16: 375–379

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jefferson RA, Karanagh TA, Bevan MW (1987) GUS fusions: β-glucuronidase as a sensitive and versatile gene fusion marker in higher plants. EMBO J 6: 3901–3907

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston J, Hilger F, Mortimer R (1981) variation in frequency of transformation by plasmid YRp7 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene 16: 325–329

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jongsma M, Koorneef M, Zabel P, Hille J (1987) Tomato protoplast transformation: physical linkage and recombination of exogenous DNA. Plant Mol Biol 8: 383–394

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Junkier B, Zimny J, Luhrs R, Lorz H (1987) Transient expression of chimaeric genes in dividing and non-dividing cereal protoplasts after PEG-induced DNA uptake. Plant Cell Rep 6: 329–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kamo KK, Hodges TK (1986) Establishment and characterization of embryogenic maize callus and cell suspension cultures. Plant Sci 45: 111–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kamo KK, Chang KL, Lynn ME, Hodges TK (1987) Embryogenie callus formation from maize protoplasts. Planta 172: 245–251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kartzke S, Saedler H, Meyer P (1990) Molecular analysis of transgenic plants derived from transformations of protoplasts at various stages of the cell cycle. Plant Sci 67: 63–72

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kawai S, Nishizawa M (1984) New procedure for transformation with polycation and dimethyl sulfoxide. Mol Cell Biol 4: 1172–1174

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein TM, Wolf ED, Wu R, Sanford JC (1987) High velocity microprojectiles for delivering nucleic acids into living cells. Nature 327: 70–73

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein TM, Fromm ME, Weissinger A, Tomes D, Schaaf S, Sletten M, Sanford JC (1988) Transfer of foreign genes into intact maize cells using high-velocity microprojectiles. Proc NatI Acad Sci USA 85: 4305–4309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein TM, Kornstein L, Sanford JC, Fromm ME (1989) Genetic transformation of maize cells by particle bombardment. Plant Physiol 91: 440–444

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein TM, Kornstein L, Fromm ME (1990) Genetic transformation of maize cells by particle bombardment and the influence of methylation of foreign-gene expression. In: Gustafson JP (ed) Gene manipulation in plant improvement II. 19th Stadler Genetics Symp. Plenum Press, New York pp 265–288

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Krens FA, Molendijk L, Wullems GJ, Schilperoort RA (1982) In vitro transformation of plant protoplasts with Ti-plasmid DNA. Nature 296: 72–74

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhlmeier C., Fluhr R, Chua NH (1988) Upstream sequences determine the difference in transcript abundance of pea rbcS genes. Mol Gen Genet 212:405–411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kyozuka J, Fujimoto H, Izawa T, Shimamoto K (1991) Anaerobic induction and tissue-specific expression of maize Adhl promoter in transgenic rice plants and their progeny. Mol Gen Genet 228: 40–48

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lacks SA (1988) Mechanisms of genetic recombination in gram-positive bacteria. In: Kucherlapati R, Smith GR (eds) Genetic recombination. American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, pp 43–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Larkin PJ, Taylor BH, Gersmann M, Brettell RIS (1990) Direct gene transfer to protoplasts. Aust J Plant Physiol 17:291–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Last DI, Brettell RIS, Chamberiain DA, Chaudhury AM, Larkin PJ, Marsh EL, Peacock WJ, Dennis ES (1991) pEmu: an improved promoter for gene expression in cereal cells. Theor Appl Genet 81: 581–588

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lazzeri PA, Brettschmeider R, Luhrs R, Lorz H (1991) Stable transformation of barley via PEG-induced direct DNA uptake into protoplasts. Theor Appl Genet 81:437–444

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee KY, Lund P, Lowe K, Dunsmuir P (1990) Homologous recombination in plant cells after Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Plant Cell 2: 415–425

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leonard CG, Cole RM (1972) Purification and properties of streptococcal competence factor isolated from chemically defined medium, J Bacteriol 110: 273–280

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lorz H, Baker B, Schell J (1985) Gene transfer to cereal cells mediated by protoplast transformation. Mol Gen Genet 199: 178–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig SR, Somers DA, Peterson WL, Pohlman RF, Zarowitz MA, Gengenbach BG, Messing J (1985) High frequency callus formation from maize protoplasts. Theor Appl Genet 71: 344–350

    Google Scholar 

  • Luehrsen KR, Walbot V (1991) Intron enhancement of gene expression and the splicing efficiency of introns in maize cells. Mol Gen Genet 225: 81–93

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luhrs R, Lorz H (1988) Initiation of morphogenic cell-suspension and protoplast cultures of barley. Planta 175:71–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lurquin PF (1989) Uptake and integration of exogenous DNA in plants. In: Bajaj YPS (ed) Biotechnology in Agriculture and forestry, vol 9. Plant protoplasts and genetic engineering II. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 54–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyznik LA, Kamo KK, Grimes HD, Ryan R, Chang KL, Hodges TK (1989a) Stable transformation of maize: the impact of feeder cells on protoplast growth and transformation efficiency. Plant Cell Rep 8: 292–295

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lyznik LA, Rayan RD, Ritchie SW, Hodges TK(1989b) Stable transformation of maize protoplasts with gusA and neo genes. Plant Mol Biol 13: 151–161

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lyznik LA, McGee D, Tung PY, Bennetzen JL, Hodges TK (1991a) Homologous recombination between plasmid DNA molecules in maize protoplasts. Mol Gen Genet 230: 209–219

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lyznik LA, Peng J, Hodges TK (1991b) Simplified procedure for transient transformation of plant protoplasts using polyethylene glycol treatment. BioTechniques 10: 294–299

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maas C., Werr W (1989) Mechanism and optimized conditions for PEG-mediated DNA transfection into plant protoplasts. Plant Cell Rep 8: 148–151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maas C., Laufs J, Grant S, Korfhage C., Werr W (1991) The combination of a novel stimulatory element in the first exon of the maize shrunken-1 gene with the following intron 1 enhances reporter gene activity expression up to 1000-fold. Plant Mol Biol 16: 199–207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matzke MA, Matzke AJM (1991) Differential inactivation and methylation of a transgene in plants by two suppressor loci containing homologous sequences. Plant Mol Biol 16: 821–830

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matzke MA, Priming M, Trnovsky J, Matzke AJM (1989) Reversible methylation and inactivation of marker genes in sequentially transformed tobacco plants. EMBO J 8: 643–649

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McElroy D, Zhang W, Cao J, Wu R (1990) Isolation of an efficient actin promoter for use in rice transformation. Plant Cell 2: 163–171

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meijer EGM, Schilperoort RA, Rueb S, van Os-Ruygrok PE, Hensgens LAM (1991) Transgenic rice cell lines and plants: expression of transferred chimeric genes. Plant Mol Biol 16: 807–820

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer P, Walgenbach E, Bussmann E, Hombrecher G, Saedler H (1985) Synchronized tobacco protoplasts are efficiently transformed by DNA. Mol Gen Genet 201: 513–518

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer P, Kartzke S, Niedenhof I, Heidmann I, Busssmann K, Saedler H (1988) A genomic segment from Petunia Hybrida leads to increased transformation frequencies and simple integration patterns. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 8565–8572

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer P, Linn F, Heidmann I, Meyer ZAH, Niedenhot I, Saedler H (1992) Endogenous and environmental factors influence 355 promoter methylation of maize Al gene construct in transgenic petunia and its colour phenotype. Mol Gen Genet 231: 345–352

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell JC, Petolino JF (1991) Plant regeneration from haploid suspension and protoplast cultures from isolated microspores of maize. J Plant Physiol 137: 530–536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morocz S, Donn G, Nemeth J, Dudits D (1990) An improved system to obtain fertile regenerants via maize protoplasts isolated from a highly embryogenic suspension culture. Theor Appl Genet 80: 721–726

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamo Y, Nishihara T, Sasayama S, Miwa T, Kamada S, Kakunaga T (1991) transcriptional regulatory elements in the 5’ upstream and first intron regions of the human smooth muscle (aortic type) α-actin-encoding gene. Gene 99: 285–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Napoli C., Lemieux C., Jorgensen R (1990) Introduction of a chimeric chalcone synthase gene into petunia results in reversible co-suppression of homologous genes in trans. Plant Cell 2: 279–289

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Negrutiu I, Shillito RD, Potrykus I, Biasini G, Sala F (1987) Hybrid genes in the analysis of transformation conditions. I. Setting up a simple method for direct gene transfer in plant protoplasts. Plant Mol Biol 8: 363–373

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neumann E, Schaefer-Ridder M, Want Y, Hofschneider PH (1982) Gene transfer into mouse lyoma cells by electroporation in high electric fields. EMBO J 1: 841–845

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Offringa R, De Groot MJA, Haagsman HJ, Does MP, van den Elzen PJM, Hooykaas PJJ (1990) Extrachromosomal homologous recombination and gene targeting in plant cells after Agro-bacterium-medmtsd transformation. EMBO J 9: 3077–3084

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ou-Lee TM, Turgeon R, Wu R (1986) Expression of a foreign gene linked to either a plant-virus or a Drosophila promoter after electroporation of protoplasts of rice, wheat, and sorghum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 6815–6819

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paszkowski J, Shillito RD, Saul M, Mandak V, Hohn T, Hohn B, Potrykus I (1984) Direct gene transfer to plants. EMBO J 3: 2717–2722

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paszkowski J, Baur M, Bogucki A, Potrykus I (1988) Gene targeting in plants. EMBO J 7:4021–4026

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peach C., Veiten J (1991) Transgene expression variability (position effect) of CAT and GUS reporter genes driven by linked divergent T-DNA promoters. Plant Mol Biol 17: 49–60

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peerbolte R, Floor M, Ruigrok P, Hoge JHC, Wullems GJ, Schilperoort RA (1987) Stability and expression of transferred DNA in F1 tobacco transformants studied at various states of differentiation. Planta 172; 448–462

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peng JY, Lyznik LA, Lee L, Hodges TK (1990) Co-transformation of indica rice protoplasts with gusA and neo gene. Plant Cell Rep 9: 168–171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peng JY, Kononowicz H, Hodges TK (1991) Transgenic indica rice plants. Theor Appl Genet (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pescitelli SM, Mitchell JC, Jones AM, Pareddy DR, Petolino JF (1989) High frequency androgenesis from isolated microspores of maize. Plant Cell Rep 7:673–676

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterhans A, Schlüpmann H, Basse C., Paszkowski J (1990) Intrachromosomal recombination in plants. EMBO J 9: 3437–3445

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potrykus I (1990) Gene transfer to cereals: an assessment. Bio/Technology 8: 535–542

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potrykus I, Saul MW. Petruska J, Paszkowski J, Shillito RD (1985) Direct gene transfer to cells of a graminaceous monocot. Mol Biol Genet 199: 183–188

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potrykus I, Paszkowski J, Saul WM, Negrutiu I, Shillito R (1987) Direct gene transfer to plants: facts and future. In: Green CE (ed) Plant tissue and cell culture. Allen R Liss, New York, pp 289–302

    Google Scholar 

  • Prioli LM, Sondahl MR (1989) Plant regeneration and recovery of fertile plants from protoplasts of maize (Zea mays L.). Bio/Technology 7: 589–594

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puchta H, Hohn B (1991) A transient assay in plant cells reveals a positive correlation between extrachromosomal recombination rates and length of homologous overiap. Nucl Acid Res 19: 2693 2700

    Google Scholar 

  • Raineri DM, Bottino P, Gordon MP, Nester EW (1990) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of rice (Oryza saliva L.). Bio/Technology 8: 33–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rauth S, Song KY, Ayares D, Wallace L, Moore PD, Kucherlapati R (1986) Transfection and homologous recombination involving single-stranded DNA substrates in mammalian cells and nuclear extracts. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA 83: 5587–5591

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes C., Pierce I, Mettler D, Mascarenhas D, Detmer J (1988) Genetically transformed maize plants from protoplasts. Science 240: 204–207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ritchie SW, Lyznik LA, McGee JD, Hodges TK (1990) The influence of differing promoter constructions on stable GUS expression in maize tissue. Plant Physiol (Suppl) 93: 46

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritchie SW, Hodges TK (1993) Cell culture and regeneration of transgenic plants. In: Kung SD, Wu R (eds) Transgenic plants, vol 1. Academic Press, New York, pp 147–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodenburg KW, de Groot MJA, Schilperoort RA, Hooykaas PJJ (1989) Single-stranded DNA used as an efficient new vehicle for transformation of plant protoplasts. Plant Mol Biol 13: 711–719

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schocher RJ, Shillito RD, Saul MW, Paszkowski J, Potrykus I (1986) Co-transformation of foreign genes into plants. Bio/Technology 4: 1093–1096

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shillito RD, Saul MW, Paszkowski J, Muller M, Potrykus I (1985) High efficiency direct gene transfer to plants. Bio/Technology 3: 1099–1103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shillito RD, Carswell GK, Johnson CM, DiMaio JJ, Harms CT (1989) Regeneration of fertile plants from protoplasts of elite inbred maize. Bio/Technology 7: 581–587

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shimamoto K, Terada R, Izawa T, Fujimoto H (1989) Fertile transgenic rice plants regenerated from transformed protoplasts. Nature 338: 274–276

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shirsat AH. Wilford N, Croy RRD (1989) Gene copy number and levels of expression in transgenic plants of a seed specific promoter. Plant Sci 61: 75–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simon JR. Moore PD (1987) Homologous recombination between single-stranded DNA and chromo-somal genes in Sacharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 7: 2334–2339

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith JA, Green CE. Gengenbach BG (1984) Feeder layer support of low density populations of Zea mays L. suspension cells. Plant Sci Lett 36: 67–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Smithies O, Gregg RG, Boggs SS, Koralewski MA, Kucherlapati RS (1985) Insertion of DNA sequences into the human chromosomal β-globin locus by homologous recombination. Nature 317: 230–234

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun CS, Prioli LM, Sondahl MR (1989) Regeneration of haploid and dihaploid plants from protoplasts of supersweet (sh2sh2) corn. Plant Cell Rep 8: 313–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tada Y, Sakamoto M, Fujimura T (1990) Efficient gene introduction into rice by electroporation and analysis of transgenic plants: use of electroporation buffer lacking chloride ions. Theor Appl Genet 80: 475–480

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tada Y, Sakamoto M, Matsuoka M, Fujimura T (1991) Expression of a monocot LHCP promoter in transgenic rice. EMBO J 10: 1803–1808

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka A, Mita S, Ohta S, Kyozuka J, Shimamoto K, Nakamura K (1991) Enhancement of foreign gene expression by a dicot intron in rice but not in tobacco is correlated with an increased level of mRNA and an efficient splicing of the intron. Nucl Acid Res 18: 6767–6770

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor BH, Larkin PJ (1988) Analysis of electroporation efficiency in plant protoplasts. Aust J Biotechnol 1:52–57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terada R, Shimamoto K (1990) Expressions of CaMV35-GUS gene in transgenic rice plants. Mol Gen Genet 220:389–392

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas KR, Capecchi MR (1986) Introduction of homologous DNA sequences into mammalian cells induces mutations in cognate gene. Nature 324: 34–38

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas KR, Folger KR, Capecchi MR (1986) High frequency targeting of genes to specific site in the mammalian genome. Cell 44: 419–428

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tinland B, Kares C., Herrmann A, Otten L (1991) 35S-β-glucuronidase gene blocks biological effects of cotransferred iaa genes. Plant Mol Biol 16: 853–864

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomes DT, Smith OS (1985) The effect of parental genotype on initiation of embryogenic callus from elite inbred maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm. Theor Appl Genet 70: 505–5090

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toriyama K, Arimoto Y, Uchimiya H, Hinata K (1988) Transgenic rice plants after direct gene transfer into protoplasts. Bio/Technology 6: 1072–1074

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tyagi S, Sporiein B, Tyagi AK, Herrmann RG, Koop HU (1989) PEG-and electroporation-induced transformation in Nicotiana tabacum: influence of genotype on transformation frequencies. Theor Appl Genet 78: 287–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van der Krol AR, Mur LA, Beld M, Mol JNM, Stuitje AR (1990) Flavonoid genes in petunia: Addition of a limited number of gene copies may lead to a suppression of gene expression. Plant Cell 2: 291–299

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vasil V, Vasil IK (1987) Formation of callus and somatic embryos from protoplasts of commercial hybrid of maize (Zea mays L.). Theor Appl Genet 73: 793–798

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasil V, Clancy M, Ferl RJ, Vasil IK, Hannah C (1990) Increased gene expression by the first intron of maize shrunken-1 locus in grass species. Plant Physiol 91: 1575–1579

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasil V, Brown SM, Re D, Fromm ME, Vasil IK (1991) Stably transformed callus lines from microprojectile bombardment of cell suspension cultures of wheat. Bio/Technology 9: 743–747

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waldman BC, Waldman AS (1990) Illegitimate and homologous recombination in mammalian cells: differential sensitivity to an inhibitor of poly (ADP-Ribosylation). Nucl Acid Res 18: 5981–5988

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wirtz U, Schell J, Czernilofsky AP (1987) Recombination of selectable marker DNA in Nicotiana tabacum. DNA 6: 245–253

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang H, Zhang HM, Davey MR, Mulligan BJ, Cocking EC (1988) Production of kanamycin resistant rice tissues following DNA uptake into protoplasts. Plant Cell Rep 7: 421–425

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang NS, Christou P (1990) Cell type specific expression of a CaMV 35S-GUS gene in transgenic soybean plants. Dev Genet 11: 289–293

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang W, Wu R (1988) Efficient regeneration of transgenic plants from rice protoplasts and correctly regulated expression of the foreign gene in the plants. Theor Appl Genet 76: 835–840

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng H, Wilson JH (1990) Gene targeting in normal and amplified cell lines. Nature 344: 170–173

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lyznik, L.A., Hodges, T.K. (1994). Transformation of Maize Protoplasts. In: Bajaj, Y.P.S. (eds) Maize. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol 25. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57968-4_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57968-4_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63419-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-57968-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics