Abstract
As long ago as 1931 Hess suggested that the parasympathetic or cholinergic system was involved in sleep promotion. Since then, the evidence for a role of the cholinergic system in the regulation of wakefulness (W) and sleep, particularly rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, has increased enormously and at the same time has become more specific. Reviewed in this chapter are: the biochemistry of the cholinergic system; the anatomy of cholinergic cell bodies and terminations in the central nervous system; the nature and localization of the various kinds of cholinergic receptors; and the postsynaptic effects of cholinergic receptor activation. After discussing the physiology of the cholinergic system in relation to sleep-waking states, the chapter reviews the effects on sleep of various manipulations of the cholinergic system, through systemic or local injections of agonists and antagonists, or through lesions of cholinergic cell groups. Also mentioned is the evidence linking acetylcholine, sleep, and some diseases of the brain. Two major functions subserved by the cholinergic system emerge from this evidence: an involvement in thalamic, cortical, and hippocampal activation, and a central role in the generation of REM sleep. In addition, we will briefly discuss the involvement of the cholinergic system in postural and vegetative control.
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Tononi, G., Pompeiano, O. (1995). Pharmacology of the Cholinergic System. In: Kales, A. (eds) The Pharmacology of Sleep. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 116. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57836-6_7
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