Abstract
In this chapter we will present a classification of models of social security to help us develop a framework for the analysis of recent changes in European social security systems. To that end we will first, in section 2, give a brief survey of some historical roots of social security systems in the countries of Europe. We will also present a classification of social security models, as developed in the early 1990s. In section 3, subsequently, we will attempt to define some of the main dimensions of change in social security since then. In both section 2 and section 3 we will also touch on European integration, and its consequences for the development of social security in the European Union countries.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
See for instance: P.A. Köhler and H.F. Zacher (Eds.), The evolution of social insurance, 1881–1981. Studies of Germany, France, Great Britain, Austria and Switzerland, London, New York 1982.
Cf. J.M. Roebroek, The imprisoned state. The paradoxical relationship between state and society (Tilburg 1993), p. 33–40.
See, for the view of an influential economist in the beginning of the 20th century on the development of social insurances: F. Pennings, ‘Is Schmoller’s view on the principles of social security still relevant in present debates on the future of social security?’, in: J.G. Backhaus (Ed.), Essays on social security and taxation. Gustav von Schmoller and Adolph Wagner reconsidered (Marburg 1997), p. 595–616.
A.I. Ogus, ‘Great Britain’, in: Köhler and Zacher, The evolution of social insurance, 1881–1981, p. 183.
M. Bruce, The coming of the welfare state (London 1961), p. 200.
A. Deacon, In search of the scrounger (London 1976), p. 10.
W.H. Beveridge, Social insurance and allied services, London 1942. See also:
W.H. Beveridge, The pillars of security and other war-time essays and addresses, London 1943. See also:
F.J.L. Pennings, Benefits of Doubt. A comparative study of the legal aspects of employment and unemployment schemes in Great Britain, Germany, France and The Netherlands, Deventer 1990.
The model is derived from M. Einerhand et al., Sociale zekerheid: stelsels en regelingen in enkele Europese landen [Social security: systems and regulations in some European countries] (The Hague 1995), p. 28. The scheme was originally published in Dutch as Model Bismarck en Beveridge (Model Bismarck and Beveridge). Some adjustments have been made.
J. Walley, Social security: another British failure?, London 1972.
The large European market generates cooperation and mergers of enterprises and also a greater mobility of companies or their component parts. There is evidence that cross border flows of capital and the exchange of technology have increased markedly over the past decades and that total inward and outward foreign direct investments in the European Union have risen. The international trade in goods and services has also shown an increasing trend. However, in Europe import- and export-to-GDP ratios are more or less constant. The increasing shares of intra-EU trade imply trade diversion/substitution from extra-EU trade. The internationalisation of the economies is not global, in fact internationalisation is mainly régionalisation: the data show an increasing interdependence of European economies. Cf. B. van Aarle, Essays on monetary and fiscal policy interaction. Applications to EMU and Eastern Europe (Tilburg 1996), p. 129;
L. Delsen and E. de Jong, ‘Germany and The Netherlands: Who follows whom?’, in: L. Delsen and E. de Jong (Eds.), The German and Dutch economies: Who follows whom? (Heidelberg 1998), p. 8–10.
Einerhand et al., Sociale zekerheid: stelsels en regelingen in enkele Europe landen, p. 30. The scheme was originally published in Dutch as Aspecten van modellen van sociale politiek [Aspects of models of social policy]. Numbers 1–11 and element no. 12 were added.
‘Council Recommendation of 24 June 1992 on common criteria concerning sufficient resources, social assistance in social protection systems (92/441 /EEC)’, in: Official Journal of the European Communities, L245 (August 26th, 1992), p. 46 (5) and 47–48 (I, A; I, B2; I, C1 sub a and sub c); ‘Council Recommendation of 27 July 1992 on the convergence of social protection objectives and policies (92/442/ EEC)’, in: Official Journal of the European Communities, L245 (August 26th, 1992), p. 50 (I, A, sub 1 (d)).
H.G. Mosley, ‘The social dimension of European integration’, in: International Labour Review, 129 (1990), no. 2, p. 147.
J. Muysken and C. de Neubourg, ‘Hoe sociaal is de EG? Het sociaal beleid’ [How social is the EC? Its social policy]’, in: J. Muysken and L.L.G. Soete, Maastricht 1991 kritisch beschouwd. Preadviezen van de Koninklijke Vereniging voor de Staathuishoudkunde 1993 [Maastricht 1991: a critical review. Preliminary reports of the Royal Society for Economy 1993], Utrecht 1993.
A.M. Lejour, Integration of disintegrating welfare states? A qualitative study to the consequences of economic integration on social insurance, Tilburg 1995.
J. Vinals and J.F. Jimeno, Monetary union and European unemployment, London 1996. Discussion paper series, no. 1485.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Delsen, L., van Gestel, N., Pennings, F. (2000). Introduction: Changes in European social security. In: van Vugt, J.P.A., et al. Social Security and Solidarity in the European Union. Contributions to Economics. Physica, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57676-8_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57676-8_1
Publisher Name: Physica, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-7908-1334-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-57676-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive