Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Reproduktionsmedizin

  • Chapter
Molekulare Medizin in der Frauenheilkunde

  • 49 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Klinisch relevante molekularbiologische Diagnostik nimmt in der Andrologie immer noch eine untergeordnete Rolle ein. Nur in der humangenetischen Abklärung männlicher Infertilität wird sie routinemäßig z.B. bei dem Nachweis von Deletionen auf dem langen Arm des Y-Chromosoms eingesetzt.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. Afzelius BA (1995) Situs inversus and ciliary abnormalities. What is the connection? Int J Dev Biol 39:839–844

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bedford JM, Kim HH (1993) Sperm/egg binding patterns and oocyte cytology in retrospective analysis of fertilization failure in vitro. Hum Reprod 8:453–463

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Beranova M, Oliveira LM, Bedecarrats GY, Schipani E, Vallejo M, Ammini AC, Quintos JB, Hall JE, Martin KA, Hayes FJ, Pitteloud N, Kaiser UB, Crowley WF, Seminara SB (2001) Prevalence, phenotypic spectrum, and modes of inheritance of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor mutations in idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:1580–1588

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bloch B, Gaillard RC, Culler MD, Negro-Vilar A (1992) Immunohistochemical detection of proluteinizing hormone-releasing hormone peptides in neurons in the human hypothalamus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 74:135–138

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Böhm J, Hinsch KD, Habermann B, Müller-Schlösser F, Schill WB, Hinsch E (1995) Immunological identification of cytokeratins in bovine outer dense fiber preparations. Reprod Dom Anim (suppl 3):94

    Google Scholar 

  6. Breitbart H, Naor Z (1999) Protein kinase in mammalian sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction. Rev Reprod 4:151–159

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Chandley AC (1998) Chromosome anomalities and Y chromosome microdeletions as causal factors in male infertility. Hum Reprod 13:45–50

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Chapelin C, Duriez B, Magnino F, Goossens M, Escudier E, Amselem S (1997) Isolation of several human axonemal dynein heavy chain genes: genomic structure of the catalytic site, phylogenetic analysis and chrosmosomal assignment. FEBS Lett 412:325–330

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Cohen DP (2000) Molecular evaluation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. Semin Reprod Med 18:11–16

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Dadoune JP (1988) Ultrastructural abnormalities of human spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 3:311–318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. De Roux N, Young J, Brailly-Tabard S, Misrahi M, Milgrom E, Schaison G (1999) The same molecular defects of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor determine a variable degree of hypogonadism in affected kindred. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:567–572

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Dias JA (2001) Is there any physiological role for gonadotrophin oligosaccharide heterogeneity in humans?: IL A biochemical point of view. Hum Reprod 16:825–830

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Eddy EM (1988) The Spermatozoon. In: Knobil E, Neil JD (eds). The Physiology of Reproduction, vol 1. Raven Press, New York, pp 76–97

    Google Scholar 

  14. Engel W, Murphy D, Schmidt M (1996) Are there genetic risks associated with microassisted reproduction? Hum Reprod 11:2359–2370

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Fehl P, Miska W, Henkel R (1995) Further indications of the multicomponent nature of the acrosome reaction-inducing substance of human follicular fluid. Mol Reprod Dev 42:80–88

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ford WCL, Rees JM (1990) The bioenergetics of mammalian sperm motility. In: Gagnon C (ed). Controls of sperm motility: biological and clinical aspects. CRC Press, pp 175–202

    Google Scholar 

  17. Fraccaro M (1983) Chromosome abnormalities and gamete production in man. Differentiation 23:40–43

    Google Scholar 

  18. Fujisawa M, Kanzaki M, Okuda Y, Okada H, Arakawa S, Kamidono S (1998) Stem cell factor in human seminal plasma as a marker for spermatogenesis. Urology 51:460–463

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Garcia MA, Meizel S (1996) Importance of sodium ion to the progesterone-initiated acrosome reaction in human sperm. Mol Reprod Dev 45:513–520

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Gottlieb B, Pinsky L, Beitel LK, Trifiro M (1999) Androgen insensitivity. Am J Med Genet 29:210–217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Gottlieb B, Beitel LK, Trifiro MA (2001) Variable expressivity and mutation databases: The androgen receptor gene mutations database. Hum Mutat 17:382–388

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Hagaman JR, Moyer JS, Bachman ES, Sibony M, Magyar PL, Welch JE, Smithies O, Krege JH, O’Brien D (1998) Angiotensin-converting enzyme and male fertility. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:2552–2557

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hardelin JP, Julliard AK, Moniot B, Soussi-Yanicostas N, Verney C, Schwanzel-Fukuda M, Ayer-Le Lievre C, Petit C (1999) Anosmin-1 is a regionally restricted component of basement membranes and interstitial matrices during organogenesis: implications for the developmental anomalies of X chromosome-linked Kallmann syndrome. Dev Dyn 215:26–44

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Henkel R, Müller C, Miska W, Gips H, Schill WB (1993) Determination of the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa is predictive of fertilization in vitro. Hum Reprod 8:2128–2132

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hiort O, Holterhus PM, Horter T, Schulze W, Kremke B, Bals-Pratsch M, Sinnecker GH, Kruse K (2000) Significance of mutations in the androgen receptor gene in males with idiopathic infertility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:2810–2815

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Imperato-McGinley J (1997) 5 alpha-reductase-2 deficiency. Curr Ther Endocrinol Metab 6:384–387

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kamischke A, Gromoll J, Simoni M, Behre HM, Nieschlag E (1999) Transmission of a Y chromosomal deletion involving the deleted in azoospermia (DAZ) and chromodomain (CDY1) genes from father to son through intracytoplasmatic sperm injection: a case report. Hum Reprod 14:2320–2322

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kim YH, de-Kretser DM, Temple-Smith PD, Hearn MT, McFarlane JR (1997) Isolation and characterization of human and rabbit sperm tail fibrous sheath. Mol Hum Reprod 3:307–313

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Klingmüller D, Haidl G (1997) Inhibin B in men with normal and disturbed spermatogenesis. Hum Reprod 12:2376–2378

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Köhn FM, Miska W, Schill WB (1995) Release of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) from human spermatozoa during capacitation and acrosome reaction. J Androl 16:259–265

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Lamminen T, Huhtaniemi I (2001) A common genetic variant of luteinizing hormone; relation to normal and aberrant pituitary-gonadal function. Eur J Pharmacol 414:1–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Latronico AC, Lins TS, Brito VN, Arnhold IJ, Men-donca BB (2000) The effect of distinct activating mutations of the luteinizing hormone receptor gene on the pituitary-gonadal axis in both sexes. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 53:609–613T

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Layman LC, McDonough PG, Cohen DP, Maddox M, Tho SP, Reindollar RH (2001) Familial gonado-tropin-releasing hormone resistance and hypogo-nadotropic hypogonadism in a family with multiple affected individuals. Fertil Steril 75:1148–1155

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Lee CY, Ho J, Chow SN, Yasojima K, Schwab C, McGeer PL (2000) Immunoidentification of gona-dotropin releasing hormone receptor in human sperm, pituitary and cancer cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 44:170–177

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Lei ZM, Mishra S, Zou W, Xu B, Foltz M, Li X, Rao CV (2001) Targeted disruption of luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin receptor gene. Mol Endocrinol 15:184–200

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Lindstedt G, Nystrom E, Matthews C, Ernest I, Janson PO, Chatterjee K (1998) Follitropin (FSH) deficiency in an infertile male due to FSHbeta gene mutation. A syndrome of normal puberty and virilization but underdeveloped testicles with azoospermia, low FSH but high lutropin and normal serum testosterone concentrations. Clin Chem Lab Med 36:663–665

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. McClure RD, Brawer J, Robaire BR (1983) Ultrastructure of immotile spermatozoa in an infertile male: A spectrum of structural defects. Fertil Steril 43:41–48

    Google Scholar 

  38. McLachlan RI, Mallidis C, Ma K, Bhasin S, de Kretser DM (1998) Genetic disorders and spermatogenesis. Reprod Fertil Dev 10:97–104

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Meitinger T, Heye B, Petit C, Levilliers J, Golla A, Moraine C, Dalla Piccola B, Sippell WG, Murken J, Ballabio A (1990) Definitive localization of X-linked Kallman syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia) to Xp22.3: close linkage to the hypervariable repeat sequence CRI-S232. Am J Hum Genet 47:664–669

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Meschede D, Horst J (1997) The molecular genetics of male infertility. Molecular Hum Reprod 3:419–430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Meschede D, Horst J (1999) Neue Erkenntnisse zur Genetik des Kallmann-Syndroms und des Idio-pathischen Hypogonadotropen Hypogonadismus. Geburtsh u Frauenheilk 59:381–385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Morales P, Pizarro E, Kong M, Kerr B, Ceric F, Vigil P (2000) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated sperm binding to the human zona is mediated by a calcium influx. Biol Reprod 63:635–642

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Neesen J, Köhler MR, Kirschner R et al, (1997) Identification of dynein heavy chain genes expressed in human and mouse testis-chromosomal localization of an axonemal dynein gene. Gene 200:193–202

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Negro-Vilar A (1999) Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs): a novel approach to androgen therapy for the new millennium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:3459–3462

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Neugebauer DC, Neuwinger J, Jockenhovel F, Nieschlag E (1990),9+0’ axoneme in spermatozoa and some nasal cilia of a patient with totally immotile spermatozoa associated with thickened sheath and short midpiece. Hum Reprod 5:981–986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Oliveira LM, Seminara SB, Beranova M, Hayes FJ, Valkenburgh SB, Schipani E, Costa EM, Latronico AC, Crowley WF, Vallejo M (2001) The importance of autosomal genes in Kallmann syndrome: geno-type-phenotype correlations and neuroendocrine characteristics. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:1532–1538

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. O’Toole CMB, Arnoult C, Darszon A, Steinhardt RA, Florma HM (2000) Ca2+ entry through store-operated channels in mouse sperm is initiated by egg ZP3 and drives the acrosome reaction. Mol Biol Cell 11:1571–1584

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Ravnik SE, Albers JJ, Müller CH (1993) A novel view of albumin-supported sperm capacitation: role of lipid transfer protein-1. Fertil Steril 59:629–638

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Reijo R, Alagappan RK, Patrizio P, Page DC (1996) Severe oligozoospermia resulting from deletions of azoospermia factor gene on Y chromosome. Lancet 347:1290–1293

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Roldan ER (1998) Role of phospholipases during sperm acrosomal exocytosis. Front Biosci 3:1109–1119

    Google Scholar 

  51. Rossi P, Sette C, Dolci S, Geremia R (2000) Role of c-kit in mammalian spermatogenesis. J Endocrinol Invest 23:609–615

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Schlösser M, Vogelsang S, Engel W (1997) Mikro-deletionen im Y-Chromosom als Ursache männlicher Infertilität? Fertilität 13:95–98

    Google Scholar 

  53. Shacham S, Harris D, Ben-Shlomo H, Cohen I, Bon-fil D, Przedecki F, Lewy H, Ashkenazi IE, Deger R, Naor Z (2001) Mechanism of GnRH receptor signaling on gonadotropin release and gene expression in pituitary gonadotrophs. Vitam Horm 63:63–90

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Simoni M, Gromoll J, Nieschlag E (1998) Molecular pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of gonadotropin receptor defects. Steroids 63:288–293

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Steger K, Rey R, Louis F, Kliesch S, Behre HM, Nieschlag E, Hoepffner W, Bailey D, Marks A, Bergmann M (1999) Reversion of the differentiated phenotype and maturation block in Sertoli cells in pathological human testis. Hum Reprod 14:136–143

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Steger K, Failing K, Klonisch T, Behre HM, Manning M, Weidner W, Hertie L, Bergmann M, Kliesch S (2001) Round spermatids from infertile men exhibit decreased protamine-1 and-2 mRNA. Hum Reprod 16:709–716

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Supp DM, Witte DP, Potter SS, Brueckner M (1997) Mutation of an axonemal dynein affects left-right asxmmetry in inversus viscerum mice. Nature 389:963–966

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Taylor JA, Lewis KJ, Lubahn DB (1998) Estrogen receptor mutations. Mol Cell Endocrinol 145:61–66

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Visconti PE, Galantino-Homer H, Ning XP, Moore GD, Valenzuela JP, Jorgez CJ, Alvarez JG, Kopf GS (1999) Cholesterol efflux-mediated signal transduc-tion in mammalian sperm. J Biol Chem 274:3235–3242

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Vogt PH, Edelman A, Kirsch S, Henegariu O, Hirschmann P, Kiesewetter F, Köhn FM, Schill WB, Farah S, Ramos C, Hartmann M, Hartschuh W, Meschede D, Behre HM, Castel A, Nieschlag E, Weidner W, Gröne HJ, Jung A, Engell W, Haidl G (1996) Human Y chromosome azoospermia factors (AZF) mapped to different subregions in Yqll. Hum Mol Genet 5:933–943

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Vogt PH (1997) Molecular basis of male (infertility. Int J Androl 20:2–10

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. von Eckardstein S, Simoni M, Bergmann M, Weinbauer GF, Gassner P, Schepers AG, Nieschlag E (1999) Serum inhibin B in combination with serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a more sensitive marker than serum FSH alone for impaired spermatogenesis in men, but cannot predict the presence of sperm in testicular tissue samples. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:2496–2501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Waldstreicher J, Seminara SB, Jameson JL, Geyer A, Nachtigall LB, Boepple PA, Holmes LB, Crowley WF (1996) The genetic and clinical heterogeneity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency in the human. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:4388–4395

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Wassarman PM (1999) Mammalian fertilization: molecular aspects of gamete adhesion, exocytosis, and fusion. Cell 96:175–183

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Weinbauer GF, Behr R, Bergmann M, Nieschlag E (1998) Testicular cAMP responsive element modulator (CREM) protein is expressed in round spermatids but is absent or reduced in men with round spermatid maturation arrest. Mol Hum Re-prod 4:9–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Weinbauer GF, Wessels J (1999) ‘Paracrine’ control of spermatogenesis. Andrologia 31:249–262

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Yanagimachi. Mammalian fertilization (1994) In: Knobil E, Neill J (eds) Physiology of Reproduction. Raven Press, New York, pp 189–317

    Google Scholar 

  68. Yang-Feng TL, Seeburg PH, Francke U (1986) Human luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone gene (LHRH) is located on short arm of chromosome 8 (region 8pll.2-p21). Somat Cell Mol Genet 12:95–100

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Yong EL, Lim LS, Wang Q, Mifsud A, Lim J, Ong YC, Sim KS (2000) Androgen receptor polymorphisms and mutations in male infertility. J Endocrinol Invest 23:573–577

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Zamboni L (1991) Physiology and pathophysiology of the human spermatozoon: the role of electron microscopy. J Electron Microsc Tech 17:412–436

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Zeng Y, Oberdorf JA, Florman HM (1996) pH regulation in mouse sperm. Identification of Na+, Cl-and HCO3-dependent and arylaminobenzoate-de-pendent regulatory mechanisms and characterization of their role in sperm capacitation. Dev Biol 171:510–520

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Abrao MS, Podgaec S, Filho BM, Ramos LO, Pinot-ti JA, de Oliveira RM (1997) The use of biochemical markers in the diagnosis of pelvic endometrio-sis. Hum Reprod 12:2523–2527

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Abu IA, Konje JC (2000) Leukotrienes in gynaecology: the hypothetical value of anti-leukotriene therapy in dysmenorrhoea and endometriosis. Hum Reprod Update 6(2):200–205

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Alviggi C, Pisaturo ML, Carravetta C, Mollo A, Ma-tares G, Strina I, Lombardi L, Sanna V, De Placido G (2000) Leptin concentrations in endometriosis. Hum Reprod (Suppl) 15:S38

    Google Scholar 

  75. Arumugam K, Lim JM (1997) Menstrual characteristics associated with endometriosis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 104:948–950

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Asano M, Yukita A, Matsumoto T et al (1999) Wide spectrum of antitumor activity of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to human vascular endothe-lial growth factor. Jap J Cancer Res 90:93–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Azem F, Lessing JB, Geva E, Shahar A, Lerner-Geva L, Yovel I, Amit A (1999) Patients with stages III and IV endometriosis have a poorer outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer than patients with tubal infertility. Fertil Steril 72:1107–1109

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Baranova H, Bothorishvilli R, Canis M, Albuisson E, Perriot S, Glowaczower E, Bruhat MA, Baranov V, Malet P (1997) Glutathione S-transferase Ml gene polymorphism and susceptibility to endometriosis in a French population. Mol Hum Reprod 3(9):775–780

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Benjamin LE, Keshet C (1997) Conditional switching of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in tumors: induction of endothelial cell shedding and regression of hemangioblastoma-like vessels by VEGF withdrawal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:8761–8766

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Bischoff FZ, Simpson JL (2000) Heritability and molecular genetic studies of endometriosis. Hum Reprod Update 6(1):37–44

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Brandenberger AW, Lebovic DI, Tee MK, Ryan IP, Tseng JF, Jaffe RB, Taylor RN (1999) Oestrogen receptor (ER)-a and ER-β isoforms in normal endometrial and endometriosis-derived stromal cells. Mol Hum Reprod 5(7):651–655

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Brunda MJ, Luistro L, Rumennik L et al (1996) IL-12: mur ine models of a potent antitumor agent. Ann NY Acad Sci 795:268–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Bruner KL, Matrisian LM, Rodgers WH, Gorstein F, Osteen KG (1997) Suppression of matrix metal-loproteinases inhibits establishment of ectopic lesions by human endometrium in nude mice. J Clin Invest 99:2851–2857

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Bulun SE, Price TM, Mahendroo MS, Aitken J, Simpson ER (1993) A link between breast cancer and local estrogen biosynthesis suggested by quantification of breast adipose tissue aromatase cyto-chrome P450 transcripts using competitive polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription. J Endocrinol Metab 77:1622–1628

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Bulun SE, Zeitoun KM, Kilic G (2000) Expression of dioxin-related transactivating factors and target genes in human eutopic endometrial and endome-triotic tissues. Am J Obstet Gynecol 182:7676–775

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Bulun SE, Zeitoun KM, Takayama K, Sasano H (2000) Molecular basis for treating endometriosis with aromatase inhibitors. Hum Reprod Update 6:413–418

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Cahill DJ, Hull MG (2000) Pituitary-ovarian dysfunction and endometriosis. Hum Reprod Update 6:56–66

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Carlberg M, Nejaty J, Fröysa B et al (2000) Elevated expression of TNFα in cultured granulosa cells from women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 15(6):1250–1255

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Carmeliet P, Collen D (1998) Role of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in vascular development. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 237:133–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Carraher R, Hahn DW, Ritchie DM et al (1983) Involvement of lipoxygenase products in myometrial contractions. Prostaglandins 26:23–32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Chegini N, Rao ChV (1988) The presence of Leukotriene C4 — and Prostacyclin-binding sites in nonpregnant human uterine tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 66:76–87

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Clark MA, Gu LE, Conway TM et al (1991) Cloning of a phospholipase A sub 2-activating protein. Oric Natl Acad Sci USA 88:5418–5422

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Coleman RA, Eglen RM, Jones RL et al (1995) Prostanoid and leukotriene receptors: a progress report from the IUPHAR working parties on classification and numenclature. Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukot Res 23:283–285

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Crawford PA, Dorn C, Sadovsky Y, Milbrandt J (1998) Nuclear receptor DAX-1 recruits nuclear receptor corepressor N-CoR to steroidogenic factor 1. Mol Cell Biol 18:2949–2956

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Crystal RG (1999) In vivo and ex vivo gene therapy strategies to treat tumors using adenovirus gene transfer vectors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 43:90–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. D’Andrea A, Rengaraju M, Valiante NM et al (1992) Production of natural killer cell stimulatory factor (interleukin 12) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Exp Med 176:1387–1398

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Davis C, Kannan MS, Jones TR et al (1982) Control of human airway smooth muscle: in vitro studies. J Appl Physiol 53:1080–1087

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Demers MY, Hahn DW, McGuire JL (1984) Newer concepts in dysneborrhoea research: leukotrienes and calcium channel blockers. In: Dawood MY, McGuire JL, Demers LM (eds) Premenstrual Syndrome ans Dysmenorrhoea. Pitman, London, pp 205–213

    Google Scholar 

  99. Dorn C, Ou Q, Svaren J, Crawford PA, Sadovsky Y (1999) Activation of luteinizing hormone-β gene by gonadotropin releasing hormone requires the synergy of early growth response-1 and steroidogenic factor-1. J Biol Chem 274:13870–13878

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Eriksson U, Alitalo K (1999) Structure, expression and receptor-binding properties of novel vascular endothelial growth factors. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 237:41–57

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Facin AC, Passos EP, Freitas FM, Brandelli A, Salazar CC (2000) Peritoneal fluid and serum concentrations of IgA, IgG and IgM in endometriotic patients and their relationship with infertility. Human Reprod (Suppl) 15:S39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Fasciani A, D’Ambrogio G, Bocci G, Monti M, Genazzani AR, Artini PG (2000) High concentrations of the vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-8 in ovarian endometriomata. Mol Hum Reprod 6:50–54

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Ferrara N (1999) Vascular endothelial growth factor: Molecular and biological aspects. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 237:1–30

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Ferrara N, Davis-Smyth T (1997) The biology of vascular endothelial growth factor. Endocrinol Rev 18:4–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Fong TA, Shawer LK, Sun L et al (1999) SU5416 is a potent and selective inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (FLK-1/KDR) that inhibits tyrosine kinase catalysis, tumor vas-cularisation, and growth of multiple tumor types. Cancer Res 59:99–106

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Gaetje R, Kotzian S, Herrmann G, Baumann R, Starzinski-Powitz A (1997) Nonmalignant epithelial cells, potentially invasive in human endometriosis, lack the tumor suppressor molecule E-cadherin. Am J Pathol 150:461–467

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Gaetje R, Winnekendonk DW, Scharl A, Kaufmann M (1999) Ovarian cancer antigen CA125 enhances the invasiveness of the endometriotic cell line EEC 145. J Soc Gynecol Investig 6:278–281

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Garcia-Velasco JA, Arici A (1999) Chemokines and human reproduction. Fertil Steril 71(6):983–993

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Garcia-Velasco JA, Arici A (1999) Interleukin-8 expression in endometrial stromal cells is regulated by integrin-dependent cell adhasion. Mol Hum Reprod 5:1135–1140

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Gillessen S, Carvajal D, Ling P et al (1995) Mouse interleukin-12 p40 homodimer: a potent IL-12 antagonist. Eur J Immunol 25:200–206

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Gogusev J, Bouquet de Joliniere J, Telvi L, Doussau M, du Manoir S, Stojkoski A, Levardon M (1999) Detection of DNA copy number changes in human endometriosis by comparative genomic hybridization. Hum Genet 105:444–451

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Goldman CK, Kendall RL, Cabrera G et al (1998) Paracrine expression of a native soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibits tumor growth, metastasis, and mortality rate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:8795–9000

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Groothuis PG, Koks CA, de Goeij AF, Dunselman GA, Arends JW, Evers JL (1999) Adhesion of human endometrial fragments to peritoneum in vitro. Fertil Steril 71:1119–1124

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Hadfield RM, Mardon HJ, Barlow DH, Kennedy SH (1997) Endometriosis in monozygotic twins. Fertil Steril 68(5):941–942

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Halme J, Becker S, Hammond MG, Raj SG, Talbert LM (1984) Retrograde menstruation in healthy women and in patients with endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol 64:151–154

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Halme J, White C, Kauma S, Estes J, Haskill S (1988) Peritoneal macrophages from patients with endometriosis release growth factor activity in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 66:1044–1049

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Harlow CR, Cahill DJ, Maile LA, Talbot WM, Mears J, Wardle PG, Hull MG (1996) Reduced pre-ovulatory granulosa cell steroidogenesis in women with endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:426–429

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Henderson WR Jr (1991) Eicosanoids and plateletactivating factor in allergic respiratory diseases. Am Rev Respir Dis 143:86–90

    Google Scholar 

  119. Henderson WR Jr (1994) The role of leukotrienes in inflammation. Ann Intern Med 121:684–697

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Hull MGR, Williams JAC, Ray B, McLaughlin EA, Akande VA, Ford WC (1998) The contribution of subtle oocyte or sperm dysfunction affecting fertilization in endometriosis-associated or unexplained infertility: a controlled comparison with tubal infertility and use of donor spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 9:725–729

    Google Scholar 

  121. Jerzak M, Baranowski W, Rechberger T, Gorski A (2000) Enhanced T-cell interactions with extracellular matrix in fertile women with endometriosis. Human Reprod (Suppl) 15:S39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  122. Jones RK, Bulmer JN, Searle RF (1998) Phenotypic and functional studies of leukocytes in human en-dometrium and endometriosis. Human Reprod Update 4:702–709

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Jones TR, Davis C, Daniel EE (1982) Pharmacological studies of the contractile activity of leuko-triene C4 and D4 on isolated human airway smooth muscle. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 60:638–643

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Ke LD, Fueyo J, Chen X et al (1998) A novel approach to glioma gene therapy: down-regulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor in glioma cells using ribozymes. Int J Oncol 12:1391–1396

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Keck C, Rajabi Z, Pfeifer K, Bettendorf H, Brandstetter T, Breckwoldt M (1998) Expression of interleukin-6 and interleukin-6 receptors in human granulosa lutein cells. Mol Hum Reprod 4:1071–1076

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Keckstein J (1999) Die chirurgische Therapie der Endometriose. Wien Med Wschr 13:366–371

    Google Scholar 

  127. Kelly RW, Carr GG, Critchley HO (1997) A cytokine switch induced by human seminal plasma: an immune modulation with implications for sexually transmitted disease. Hum Reprod 12:667–681

    Article  Google Scholar 

  128. Kennedy S, Mardon H, Barlow D (1995) Familial endometriosis. J Assist Reprod Genet 12(1):32–34

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Kobayashi M, Fitz L, Ryan M et al (1989) Identification and purification of natural killer cell stimulatory factor (NKSF), a cytokine with multiple biologic effects on human lymphocytes. J Exp Med 170:827–845

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Kokorine I, Nisolle M, Donnez J, Eeckhout Y, Courtoy PJ, Marbaix E (1997) Expression of interstitial collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-1) is related to the activity of human endometriotic lesions. Fertil Steril 68:246–251

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Koks CA, Demir-Weusten AY, Groothuis PG, Dun-selman GA, de Goeij AF, Evers JL (2000) Menstruum induces changes in mesothelial cell morphology. Gynecol Obstet Invest 50:13–18

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Koninckx PR, Kennedy SH, Barlow DH (1998) Endometriotic disease: the role of peritoneal fluid. Hum Reprod Update 4:741–751

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Leenders WPJ (1998) Targeting VEGF in antiangiogenetic and anti-tumor therapy. Int J Ecp Pathol 79:339–346

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Lessey BA (2000) Medical management of endometriosis and fertility. Fertil Steril 73:1089–1096

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Leyendecker G, Kunz G, Wildt L, Beil D, Deininger H (1996) Uterine hyperperistalsis and dysperistal-sis as dysfunctions of the mechanism of rapid sperm transport in patients with endometriosis and infertility. Hum Reprod 11:1542–1551

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Lichtenbeld HC, Ferrara N, Jain RK et al (1999) Effect of local anti-VEGF antibody treatment on tumor microvessel permeability. Microvascular Res 57:357–362

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Ling P, Gately MK, Gubler U et al (1995) Human IL-12 p40 homodimer binds to the IL-12 receptor but does not mediate biological activity. Eur J Immunol 154:116–127

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Liu J, Razani B, Tang S et al (1999) Angiogenesis activators and inhibitors differentially regulate caveolin-1 expression and caveolae formation in vascular endothelial cells. Angiogenesis inhibitors block vascular endothelial growth factor-induced down-regulation of caveolin-1. J Biol Chem 274:15781–15785

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Lynch KR, O’Neill GP, Liu Q et al (1999) Characterization of the human cysteinyl leukotriene CysLT1 receptor. Nature 399:789–793

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Maglione D, Guerriero V, Viglietto G et al (1991) Isolation of human placenta cDNA encoding for a protein related to the vascular permeability factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:9267–9271

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Mahnke JL, Dawood MY, Huang JC (2000) Vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 in peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril (1) 73:166–170

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Mattner F, Fisher S, Guckes et al. (1993) The interleukin-12 subunit p40 specifically inhibits effects of interleukin-12 heterodimer. Eur J Immunol 23:2202–2208

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Mazzeo D, Viganò P, DI Blasio AM et al (1998) Interleukin-12 and is free p40 subunit regulate immune recognition of endometrial cells: potential role in endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:911–916

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. McLaren J, Prentice A, Charnock-Jones DS, Millican SA, Muller KH, Sharkey AM, Smith SK (1996) Vascular endothelial growth factor is produced by peritoneal fluid macrophages in endometriosis and is regulated by ovarian steroids. J Clin Invest 98:482–489

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Moghissi KS (1999) Medical treatment of endometriosis. Clin Obstet Gynecol 42:620–632

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Mu J, Abe Y, Tsutsui T et al (1996) Inhibition of growth and metastasis of ovarian carcinoma by administering a drug capable of interfering with vascular endothelial growth factor activity. Jap J Cancer Res 87:963–971

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Mukhopadhyay D, Tsokias L, Zhou XM et al (1995) Hypoxie induction of human vascular endothelial growth factor expression through cSRC activation. Nature 375:577–581

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Nezhat CR, Berger GS, Nezhat FR, Buttram VC Jr, Nezhat CH (eds) (1995) Endometriosis. Advanced management and surgical techniques. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  149. Nigam S, Benedetto C, Zonca M et al (1991) Increased concentrations of eicosanoids and plateletactivating factor in menstrual blood from women with primary dysmenorrhoea. Eicosanoids 4:137–141

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Noble LS, Simpson ER, Johns A, Bulun SE (1996) Aromatase expression in endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:174–179

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Noble LS, Takayama K, Putman JM, Johns DA, Hinshelwood MM, Agarval VR (1997) Prostaglan-din E2 stimulates aromatase expression in endometriosis-derived stromal cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:600–606

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Odukoya OA, Bansal A, Wilson AP et al (1995) Serum CD23 in patients with endometriosis and the effect of treatment with danazol and leuprolide acetate depot injection. Hum Reprod 10:942–946

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Odukoya OA, Bansal A, Wilson AP et al (1996) Soluble CD23 in the peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 11:2018–2121

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Ogawa S, Kaku T, Amada S, Kobayashi H, Hirakawa T, Ariyoshi K, Kamura T, Nakano H (2000) Ovarian endometriosis associated with ovarian carcinoma: a clinicopathological and immunohis-tochemical study. Gynecol Oncol 77:298–304

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Oosterlynck DJ, Meuleman C, Sobis H et al (1993) Angiogenetic activity of peritoneal fluid from women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 59:778–782

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Oral E, Olive DL, Arici A (1996) The peritoneal enviroment in endometriosis. Hum Reprod Update 2:385–396

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Pinsonneault O, Goldstein DP (1985) Obstructing malformations of the uterus and vagina. Fertil Steril 44:241–247

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Piva M, Sharpe-Timms KL (1999) Peritoneal en-dometriotic lesions differentially express a hapto-globin-like gene. Mol Hum Reprod 5:71–78

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Rai V, Hopkisson J, Kennedy S, Bergqvist A, Barlow DH, Mardon HJ (1996) Integrins alpha3 and alpha6 are differentially expressed in endometrium and endometriosis. J Pathol 180:181–187

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Redwine DB (1990) The visual appearance of endometriosis and 1st impact on our concepts of disease. Prog Clin Biol Res 323:393–412

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Redwine DB (1991) Conservative laparoscopic excision of endometriosis by sharp dissection: life table analysis of reoperation and persistent or recurrent disease. Fertil Steril 56:628–634

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Rees MCP, Di Marzo V, Tippins JR et al (1987) Leu-kotriene release by endometrium and myome-trium throughout the menstrual cycle in dysmenorrhoea and menorrhagia. J Endocrinol 113:291–295

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine classification of endometriosis (1997) Fertil Steril 67:817–821

    Article  Google Scholar 

  164. Richter ON, Mallmann P, van der Ven H, Krebs D (1998) Die TNF-a-Sekretion von Peritonealmakrophagen bei Endometriose. Zentralbl Gynä-kol 120:332–336

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Ritchie DM, Hahn DW, McGuire JL (1984) Smooth muscle contraction as a model to study the mediator role of endogenous lipoxygenase products of aracidonic acid. Life Sci 34:509–513

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Sadovsky Y, Dorn C (2000) The Function of Steroidogenic Factor-1 during Development and Differentiation of the Reproductive System. Rev in Reprod 5:136–142

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Salamanca A, Beltran E (1995) Subendometrial contractility in menstrual phase visualized by transvaginal sonography in patients with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 64:193–195

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Sampson JA (1927) Peritoneal endometriosis due to menstrual dissemination of endometrial tissue into the pelvic cavity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 14:422–469

    Google Scholar 

  169. Sharpe-Timms KL, Penney LL, Zimmer RL, Wright JA, Zhang Y, Surewicz K (1995) Partial purification and amino acid sequence analysis of endometriosis protein-II (ENDO-II) reveals homology with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80:3784–3787

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Shin JC, Ross HL, Elias S, Nguyen DD, Mitchell-Leef D, Simpson JL, Bischoff FZ (1997) Detection of chromosomal aneuploidy in endometriosis by multi-color fluorescene in situ hybridization (FISH). Hum Genet 100(3-4):401–406

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Sillem M, Hahn U, Coddington CC 3rd, Gordon K, Runnebaum B, Hodgen GD (1996) Ectopic growth of endometrium depends on its structural integrity and proteolytic activity in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) model of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 66:468–473

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Simón C, Gutiérrez A, Vidal A, de los Santos MJ, Tarin JJ, Remohi J, Pellicer A (1994) Outcome of patients with endometriosis in assisted reproduction: results from in vitro fertilization and oocyte donation. Hum Reprod 9:725–729

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  173. Simpson ER, Mahendroo MS, Means GD, Kilgore MW, Hinshelwood MM, Graham-Lorence S (1994) Aromatase cytochrome P450, the enzyme responsible for estrogen synthesis. Endocr Rev 15:342–355

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Smith SK (1998) Angiogenesis, vascular endothe-lial growth factor and the endometrium. Hum Reprod Update 4:509–519

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Somigliana E, Viganò P, Rossi G, Carinelli S, Vig-nali M, Panina-Bordignon P (1999) Endometrial ability to implant in ectopic sites can be prevented by interleukon-12 in a murine model of endometriosis. Hum Reprod (14)12:2944–2950

    Article  Google Scholar 

  176. Spuijbroek MD, Dunselman GA, Menheere PP, Evers JL (1992) Early endometriosis invades the extracellular matrix. Fertil Steril 58:929–933

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Starzinski-Powitz A, Handrow-Metzmacher H, Kotzian S (1999) The putative role of cell adhesion molecules in endometriosis: can we learn from tumour metastasis? Molecular Medicine Today 5:304–309

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Takayama K, Zeitoun K, Gunby RT, Sasano H, Carr B, Bulun S (1998) Treatment of severe postmenopausal endometriosis with an aromatase inhibitor. Fertil Steril 69(4):709–713

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Taylor HS, Bagot C, Kardana A, Olive D, Arici A (1999) HOX gene expression is altered in the endometrium of women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 14:1328–1331

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Van der Linden PJQ, Dunselman GAJ, de Groeij AFPM, van der Linden EPM, Evers JHL, Ramaekers FCS (1995) Epithelial cells in peritoneal fluid — of endometrial origin? Am J Obstet Gynecol 173:566–570

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  181. Van der Linden PJQ, de Goeij AFPM, Dunselman GAJ, Erkens HWH, Evers JLH (1996) Endometrial adhesion in an in vitro model using intact am-niotic membranes. Fertil Steril 65:76–80

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  182. Vercellini P, De Giorgi O, Aimi G, Panazza S, Uglietti A, Crosignani PG (1997) Menstrual characteristics in women with and without endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol 90:264–268

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Vigano P, Gaffuri B, Somigliana E, Busacca M, Di Blasio AM, Vignali M (1998) Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 mRNA and protein is enhanced in endometriosis versus endometrial stromal cells in culture. Mol Hum Re-prod 4:1150–1156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Vigano P, Somigliana E, Gaffuri B, Santorsola R, Busacca M, Vignali M (2000) Endometrial release of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and endometriosis: relationship to the extent of the disease. Obstet Gynecol 95:115–118

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Waller KG, Shaw RW (1993) Gonadotropin-re-leasing-hormone analogous for the treatment of endometriosis: long-term follow-up. Fertil Steril 59:511–515

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Weichmann BM, Tucker SS (1982) Contraction of guinea pig uterus by synthetic leukotrienes. Prostaglandins 24:245–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  187. Wild RA, Zhang RJ, Medders D (1994) Whole endometrial fragments form characteristics of in vivo endometriosis in a mesothelial co-culture system. J Soc Gynecol Invest 1:65–68

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Wilson TJ, Hertzog PJ, Angus D, Munnery L, Wood EC, Kola I (1994) Decreased natural killer cell activity in endometriosis patients: Relationship to disease pathogenesis. Fertil Steril 167:257–261

    Google Scholar 

  189. Wolf SF, Temple PA, Kobayashi M et al (1991) Cloning cDNA for natural killer cell stimulatory factor, a heterodimeric cytokine with multiple biologic effects on T and natural killer cells. J Immunol 146:3074–3081

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Wolf SF, Scithburth D, Perussia B et al (1992) Cell sources of natural killer cell stimulatory factor (NKSF/IL-12) transcripts and subunit expression. FASEB J 6:A1335

    Google Scholar 

  191. Wu MH, Yang BC, Hsu CC, Lee YC, Huang KE (1998) The expression of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in endometriosis. Fertil Steril 70:1139–1142

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. Wysoka M, Kubin M, Vieira LQ et al (1995) Interleukin-12 is required for IFN-γ production and lethality in lipopolysaccharide-induced shock in mice. Eur J Immunol 25:672–676

    Article  Google Scholar 

  193. Zeitoun K, Takayama K, Michael MD, Bulun SE (1999) Stimulation of aromatase P450 promoter (II) activity in endometriosis and its inhibition in endometrium are regulated by competitive binding of steroidogenic factor-1 and chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor to the same cis-acting element. Mol Endocri-nol 13:239–253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Bauwens JE, Clark AM, Stamm WE (1993) Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis endocervical infections by a commercial polymerase chain reaction assay. J Clin Microbiol 31:3023–3027

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Beasley RP, Hwang LY (1983) Postnatal infectivity of hepatitis B surface antigen-carrier mothers. J Infect Dis 147:185–190

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Beasley RP, Hwang LY, Lee GC et al (1983) Prevention of perinatally transmitted hepatitis B virus infections with hepatitis B virus infections with hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine. Lancet 2:1099–1102

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. Bertolli J, St Louis ME, Simonds RJ et al (1996) Estimating the timing of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in a breast-feeding population in Kinshasa, Zaire. J Infect Dis 174:722–726

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Centers for Disease Control (2000) Rubella vaccination during pregnancy — United States, 1971-1985. Morb Mort Weekly Rep 35(1986):275–284

    Google Scholar 

  199. Daffos F, Forestier F, Grangeot-Keros L et al (1984) Prenatal diagnosis of congenital rubella. Lancet 2:1–3

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. Deutscher Bundestag (1990) Embryonenschutzge-setz — ESchG http://www.wunschkinder.de/gesetze/ ESchG.html

    Google Scholar 

  201. Enders G (2000) Akzidentelle Impfung in der Schwangerschaft. Dtsch med Wschr 109(1984): 1806–1809

    Google Scholar 

  202. Enders G (1991) Infektionen und Impfungen in der Schwangerschaft, 2. Aufl

    Google Scholar 

  203. Enders G, Knotek F (1985) Comparison of the performance and reproducibility of various serological methods and diagnostic kits for the detection of rubella antibodies. J Virol Methods 11:1–14

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. Gibbs RS, Blanco JD, St Clair PJ et al (1983) Myco-plasma hominis and intrauterine infection in late pregnancy. Sex Transm Dis 10:303–306

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. Guertler L (2000) Virologische Überlegungen zur Postexpositionsprophylaxe. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 43:S9–S12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  206. Heermann KH, Gerlich WH, Chudy M et al (1999) Quantitative detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in two international reference plasma preparations. Eurohep Pathobiology Group. J Clin Microbiol 37:68–73

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. Heggie AD, Lumicao GG, Stuart LA et al (1981) Chlamydia trachomatis infection in mothers and infants. A prospective study. Am J Dis Child 135:507–511

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. Horstmann DM, Liebhaber H, Le Bouvier GL et al (1970) Rubella: reinfection of vaccinated and naturally immune persons exposed in an epidemic. N Engl J Med 283:771–778

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. Jaschek G, Gaydos CA, Welsh LE et al (1993) Direct detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in urine specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic men by using a rapid polymerase chain reaction assay. J Clin Microbiol 31:1209–1212

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. Kind C, Rudin C, Siegrist CA et al (1998) Prevention of vertical HIV transmission: additive protective effect of elective Cesarean section and zidovudine prophylaxis. Swiss Neonatal HIV Study Group. AIDS 12:205–210

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. Kong F, Ma Z, James G et al (2000) Species identification and subtyping of Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum using PCR-based assays. J Clin Microbiol 38:1175–1179

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. Lazizi Y, Dubreuil Pillot J (1993) Excess HBcAg in HBc antibody-negative chronic hepatitis B virus carriers. Hepatology 17:966–970

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. Martin DH, Koutsky L, Eschenbach DA et al (1982) Prematurity and perinatal mortality in pregnancies complicated by maternal Chlamydia trachomatis infections. JAMA 247:1585–1588

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. Mitsui T, Iwano K, Masuko K et al (1992) Hepatitis C virus infection in medical personnel after nee-dlestick accident [see comments]. Hepatology 16:1109–1114

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. Morgan-Capner P, Tedder RS, Mace JE (1983) Rubella-specific IgM reactivity in sera from cases of infectious mononucleosis. J Hyg (Lond) 90:407–413

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. Novati R, Thiers V, Monforte AD et al (1992) Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C virus detected by nested polymerase chain reaction [see comments]. J Infect Dis 165:720–723

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. Polyak SJ, McArdle S, Liu SL et al (1998) Evolution of hepatitis C virus quasispecies in hypervariable region 1 and the putative interferon sensitivity-determining region during interferon therapy and natural infection. J Virol 72:4288–4296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. Polywka S, Laufs R (1999) Die vertikale Übertragung des Hepatitis C Virus von infizierten Müttern auf ihre Kinder. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 42:562–568

    Article  Google Scholar 

  219. Povlsen K, Jensen JS, Lind I (1998) Detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum by PCR and biovar determination by liquid hybridization. J Clin Microbiol 36:3211–3216

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  220. Roudot-Thoraval F, Pawlotsky JM, Thiers V et al (1993) Lack of mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus in human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative women: a prospective study with hepatitis C virus RNA testing. Hepatology 17:772–777

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. Schachter J, Grossman M, Holt J et al (1979) Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis: involvement of multiple anatomic sites in neonates. J Infect Dis 139:232–234

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  222. Schachter J, Stamm WE, Quinn TC et al (1994) Ligase chain reaction to detect Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the cervix. J Clin Microbiol 32:2540–2543

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  223. Schaefer A FK (1996) Maßnahmen zur Senkung des materno-fetalen HIV-Transmissionsrisikos. Dt Ärzteblatt 93:A-2234-2236

    Google Scholar 

  224. Schaefer A (1999) Primäre Kaiserschnittentbindung mit und ohne antiretrovirale Prophylaxe und Prävention der materno-fetalen Transmission von HIV-1. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 42:569–576

    Article  Google Scholar 

  225. Schiff ER, de Medina M, Kahn RS (1999) New perspectives in the diagnosis of hepatitis C. Semin Liver Dis 19, Suppl 1:3–15

    Google Scholar 

  226. Schreiber GB, Busch MP, Kleinman SH et al (1996) The risk of transfusion-transmitted viral infections. The Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study [see comments]. N Engl J Med 334:1685–1690

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. Sheppard S, Smithells RW, Dickson A et al (1986) Rubella vaccination and pregnancy: preliminary report of a national survey. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 292:727

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  228. Taylor-Robinson D, Furr PM, Liberman MM (1984) The occurrence of genital mycoplasmas in babies with and without respiratory distress. Acta Paediatr Scand 73:383–386

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. Taylor-Robinson D, McCormack WM (1980) The genital mycoplasmas (two parts). N Engl J Med 302:1003–1010

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. Taylor-Robinson D, Thomas BJ (1991) Laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of chlamydial infections [see comments]. Genitourin Med 67:256–266

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Terry GM, Ho-Terry L, Warren RC et al (1986) First trimester prenatal diagnosis of congenital rubella: a laboratory investigation. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 292:930–933

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  232. Thomssen R, Bonk S, Propfe C et al (1992) Association of hepatitis C virus in human sera with beta-lipopro-tein. Med Microbiol Immunol (Berl) 181:293–300

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. Towers CV, Deveikis A, Asrat T et al (1998) A „bloodless cesarean section“ and perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus [see comments]. Am J Obstet Gynecol 179:708–714

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. Wissenschaftlicher Beirat der Bundesärztekammer (1998) Richtlinien zur Durchführung der assistierten Reproduktion. Deutsches Ärzteblatt 95:A3166–A3171

    Google Scholar 

  235. Ao A, Wells D, Handyside AH, Winston RM, Delhanty JD (1998) Preimplantation genetic diagnosis of inherited cancer: familial adenomatous polyposis coli. J Assist Reprod Genet 15:140–144

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. Avner R, Laufer N, Safran A, Kerem BS, Friedmann A (1994) Preimplantation diagnosis of cystic fibrosis by simultaneous detection of the W1282X and delta F508 mutations. Hum Reprod 9:1676–1680

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  237. Avner R, Reubinoff BE, Simón A et al (1996) Management of rhesus isoimmunization by preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Mol Hum Reprod 2:60–62

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  238. Bioethik-Komission (1998) Thesenpapier der Bioethik-Komission des Ministeriums der Justiz des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz zum Thema medizinische, ethische und rechtliche Probleme der Präimplantationsdiagnostik

    Google Scholar 

  239. Blaszczyk A, Tang YX, Dietz HC et al (1998) Preimplantation genetic diagnosis of human embryos for Marfan’s syndrome. J Assist Reprod Genet 15:281–284

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  240. Bundesärztekammer WBd (2000) Diskussionsentwurf zu einer Richtlinie zur Präimplantationsdiagnostik. Dt Ärztebl 97:B-461-B-464

    Google Scholar 

  241. de Die-Smulders CE, Geraedts JP, Dreesen JC, Coonen E, Land JA (1998) Genetic diagnosis of IVF embryos: preliminary results from ‘preimplantation genetic diagnoses’ in the Netherlands. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 142:2441–2444

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  242. De Vos A, Sermon K, Van dV et al (1998) Pregnancy after preimplantation genetic diagnosis for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A. Mol Hum Reprod 4:978–984

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  243. Diverse (2000) Repliken: Präimplantationsdiagnostik: Auftakt des öffentlichen Diskurses. Deutsches Ärzteblatt 97:B959–B970

    Google Scholar 

  244. Dreesen JC, Bras M, de Die-Smulders C et al (1998) Preimplantation genetic diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy. Mol Hum Reprod 4:881–885

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  245. ESHRE PGD Consortium Steering Committee (1999) ESHRE Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) Consortium: preliminary assessment of data from January 1997 to September 1998. Hum Reprod 14:3138–3148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  246. Findlay I, Quirke P (1996) Fluorescent polymerase chain reaction: Part I. A new method allowing genetic diagnosis and DNA fingerprinting of single cells. Hum Reprod Update 2:137–152

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  247. Findlay I, Quirke P, Hall J, Rutherford A (1996) Fluorescent PCR: a new technique for PGD of sex and single-gene defects. J Assist Reprod Genet 13:96–103

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  248. Findlay I, Ray P, Quirke P, Rutherford A, Lilford R (1995) Allelic drop-out and preferential amplification in single cells and human blastomeres: implications for preimplantation diagnosis of sex and cystic fibrosis. Hum Reprod 10:1609–1618

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  249. Findlay I, Urquhart A, Quirke P, Sullivan K, Rutherford AJ, Lilford RJ (1995) Simultaneous DNA ‘fingerprinting’, diagnosis of sex and single-gene defect status from single cells. Hum Reprod 10:1005–1013

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  250. Gardner RL, Edwards RG (1968) Control of the sex ratio at full term in the rabbit by transferring sexed blastocysts. Nature 218:346–348

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  251. Gianaroli L, Magli MC, Ferraretti AP, Munne S (1999) Preimplantation diagnosis for aneuploidies in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization with a poor prognosis: identification of the categories for which it should be proposed. Fertil Steril 72:837–844

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  252. Gibbons WE, Gitlin SA, Lanzendorf SE, Kaufmann RA, Slotnick RN, Hodgen GD (1995) Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for Tay-Sachs disease: successful pregnancy after pre-embryo biopsy and gene amplification by polymerase chain reaction. Fertil Steril 63:723–728

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. Handyside AH, Kontogianni EH, Hardy K, Winston RML (1990) Pregnancy from biopsied human preimplantation embryos sexed by specific DNA amplification. Nature 344:768–770

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  254. Handyside AH, Lesko JG, Tarin JJ, Winston RM, Hughes MR (1992) Birth of a normal girl after in vitro fertilization and preimplantation diagnostic testing for cystic fibrosis. N Engl J Med 327:905–909

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  255. Handyside AH, Penketh RJA, Winston RML, Pattinson JK, Delhanty JDA, Tuddenham EGD (1989) Biopsy of human preimplantation embryos and sexing by DNA amplification. Lancet i:347–349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  256. Harper JC, Coonen E, Ramaekers FC et al (1994) Identification of the sex of human preimplantation embryos in two hours using an improved spreading method and fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) using directly labelled probes. Hum Reprod 9:721–724

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  257. Hepp H (2000) Präimplantationsdiagnostik — medizinische, ethische und rechtliche Aspekte. Deutsches Ärzteblatt 97:A1213–A1221

    Google Scholar 

  258. Iwarsson E, Ahrlund-Richter L, Inzunza J et al (1998) Preimplantation genetic diagnosis of DiGeorge syndrome. Mol Hum Reprod 4:871–875

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  259. Kress H (1998) Gentechnik unter dem Gesichtspunkt des Menschenbildes und der Verantwortlichkeit. In: Bernhardt W, Mehnert G (Hrsg) Glaube und Politik. Die Bramstedter Gespräche. Schmidt & Klaunig, Kiel, S 68–77

    Google Scholar 

  260. Kress H (1999) Personenwürde am Lebensbeginn: Gegenwärtige Problemstellungen im Umgang mit Embryonen. Zeitschr Evangel Ethik 43:36–53

    Google Scholar 

  261. Kuliev A, Rechitsky S, Verlinsky O et al (1999) Birth of healthy children after preimplantation diagnosis of thalassemias. J Assist Reprod Genet 16:207–211

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  262. Kuliev A, Rechitsky S, Verlinsky O et al (1998) Preimplantation diagnosis of thalassemias. J Assist Reprod Genet 15:219–225

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  263. Lee SH, Kwak IP, Cha KE, Park SE, Kim NK, Cha KY (1998) Preimplantation diagnosis of non-deletion Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) by linkage polymerase chain reaction analysis. Mol Hum Reprod 4:345–349

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  264. Liu J, Lissens W, Devroey P, Liebaers I, Van Steirteghem AC (1993) Efficiency of polymerase chain reaction assay for cystic fibrosis in single human blastomeres according to the presence or absence of nuclei. Fertil Steril 59:815–819

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  265. Liu J, Lissens W, Devroey P, van SA, Libaers I (1992) Efficiency and accuracy of polymerase chain reaction assay for cystic fibrosis allele DF508 in single cell. Lancet 339:1190–1192

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  266. Liu J, Lissens W, Liebaers I, Van SAC (1991) UV irradiation versus restriction enzyme digestion for decontamination of the polymerase chain reaction for the preimplantation diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. Hum Reprod 6:280

    Google Scholar 

  267. Liu J, Lissens W, Silber SJ, Devroey P, Libaers I, Van SAC (1994) Birth after preimplantation diagnosis of the cystic fibrosis DF508 mutation by polymerase chain reaction in human embryos resulting from intracytoplasmic sperm injection with epididymal sperm. Jama 272:1858–1860

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  268. Ludwig M, Al-Hasani S, Diedrich K (1998) Präimplantationsdiagnostik: preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). In: Diedrich K (ed) Weibliche Sterilität: Ursachen, Diagnostik und Therapie, 1st edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 692–722

    Google Scholar 

  269. Ludwig M, Diedrich K (1998) Chance oder Fehler: Präimplantationsdiagnostik in Deutschland. Reproduktionsmedizin 14:95–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  270. Ludwig M, Diedrich K (1998) Die Sicht der Präimplantationsdiagnostik aus der Perspektive der Reproduktionsmedizin. Ethik Medizin 10:S38–S44

    Google Scholar 

  271. Montag M, van dV, Delacretaz G, Rink K (1998) Laser-assisted microdissection of the zona pellucida facilitates polar body biopsy. Fertil Steril 69:539–542

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  272. Munné S, Magli C, Cohen J et al (1999) Positive outcome after preimplantation diagnosis of aneuploidy in human embryos. Hum Reprod 14:2191–2199

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  273. Navidi W, Arnheim N (1991) Using PCR in preimplantation genetic disease diagnosis. Hum Reprod 6:836–849

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  274. Ray PF, Harper JC, Ao A et al (1999) Successful preimplantation genetic diagnosis for sex Link Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome using specific diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 19:1237–1241

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  275. Ray PF, Winston RML, Handyside AH (1996) Reduced allele dropout in single-cell analysis for preimplantation genetic diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. J Assist Reprod Genet 13:104–106

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  276. Rechitsky S, Freidine M, Verlinsky Y, Strom CM (1996) Allele dropout in sequential PCR and FISH analysis of single cells (cell recycling). J Assist Reprod Genet 13:115–124

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  277. Riedel U (2000) Plädoyer für eine unvoreingenommene Debatte. Dt Ärztebl 97:B514–B515

    Google Scholar 

  278. Schopper B, Ludwig M, Edenfeld J, Al-Hasani S, Diedrich K (1999) Possible applications of lasers in assisted reproductive technologies. Hum Reprod 14, Suppl 1:186–193

    Google Scholar 

  279. Sermon K, De Vos A, Van d V et al (1998) Fluorescent PCR and automated fragment analysis for the clinical application of preimplantation genetic diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy (Steinert’s disease). Mol Hum Reprod 4:791–796

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  280. Sermon K, Goossens V, Seneca S et al (1998) Preimplantation diagnosis for Huntingtons disease (HD): clinical application and analysis of the HD expansion in affected embryos. Prenat Diagn 18:1427–1436

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  281. Sermon K, Lissens W, Devroey P, van SA, Libaers I (1995) Amplification of exon 11 of the gene of the a-chain of b-N-acetylhexosaminidase in single human blastomeres. Fertil Steril 63:407–409

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  282. Sermon K, Lissens W, Joris H et al (1997) Clinical application of preimplantation diagnosis for myotonic dystrophy. Prenat Diagn 17:925–932

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  283. Sermon K, Lissens W, Messiaen L et al (1999) Preimplantation genetic diagnosis of Marfan syndrome with the use of fluorescent polymerase chain reaction and the Automated Laser Fluorescence DNA Sequencer. Fertil Steril 71:163–166

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  284. Sermon K, Lissens W, Nagy ZP, Van Steirteghem A, Liebaers I (1995) Simultaneous amplification of the two most frequent mutations of infantile Tay-Sachs disease in single blastomeres. Hum Reprod 10:2214–2217

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  285. Strom CM, Rechitsky S, Verlinsky Y (1991) Reliability of gender determination using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for single cells. J In Vitro Fertil Embryo Transfer 8:225–229

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  286. Strom CM, Rechitsky S, Wolf G, Cieslak J, Kuliev A, Verlinsky Y (1998) Preimplantation diagnosis of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosum using two simultaneous single cell assays for a point mutation in the rhodopsin gene. Mol Hum Reprod 4:351–355

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  287. Strom MC, Verlinsky Y, Milayeva S et al (1990) Preconception genetic diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. Lancet 336:306–307

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  288. Thornhill A, Holding C, Monk M (1994) Recycling the single cell to detect specific chromosomes and to investigate gene sequences. Hum Reprod 9:2150–2155

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  289. Van den Veyver IB, Chong SS, Cota J, Bennett PR (1995) Single-cell analysis of the RhD blood type for use in preimplantation diagnosis in the prevention of severe hemolytic disease of the newborn. Am J Obstet Gynecol 172:533–540

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  290. Van den Veyver IB, Chong SS, Kristjansson K, Snabes MC, Moise KJ, Hughes MR (1994) Molecular analysis of human platelet antigen system 1 antigen on single cells can be applied to preimplantation genetic diagnosis for prevention of al-loimmune thrombozytopenia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 178:807–812

    Google Scholar 

  291. Van der Velde V, Sermon K, De Vos A et al (1999) Fluorescent PCR and automated fragment analysis in preimplantation genetic diagnosis for 21-hy-droxylase deficiency in congenital adrenal hyper-plasia. Mol Hum Reprod 5:691–696

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  292. Vandervorst M, Liebaers I, Sermon K et al (1998) Successful preimplantation genetic diagnosis is related to the number of available cumulus-oocyte complexes. Hum Reprod 13:3169–176

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  293. Verlinsky Y (1999) personal communication

    Google Scholar 

  294. Xu K, Shi ZM, Veeck LL, Hughes MR, Rosenwaks Z (1999) First unaffected pregnancy using preimplantation genetic diagnosis for sickle cell anemia. Jama 281:1701–1706

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  295. Braude P, Bolton V, Moore S (1988) Human gene expression first occurs between four-and eight-cell stages of preimplantation development. Nature 332:459–461

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  296. Chard T (1996) Cytokines in implantation. Hum Reprod Update 1:385–396

    Article  Google Scholar 

  297. Charnock-Jones DS, Sharkey AM, Fenwick P, Smith SK (1994) Leukemia inhibitory factor mRNA concentration peaks in human endometrium at the time of implantation and the blastocyst contains mRNA for the receptor at this time. J Reprod Fertil 101:421–426

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  298. Chomcynski P, Sacchi N (1987) Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Annals Biochem 162:156–159

    Google Scholar 

  299. Clegg KB, Pikó L (1983) Poly(A) length, cytoplasmic adenylation and synthesis of poly(A)+ RNA in early mouse embryos. Dev Biol 95:331–341

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  300. Deutsches IVF Register (DIR) (2000) Bundesgeschäftsstelle Ärztekammer Schleswig-Holstein, Bismarckallee 8-12, 23795 Bad Segeberg

    Google Scholar 

  301. Eldadah ZA, Grifo JA, Dietz HC (1995) Marfan Syndrome as a paradigm for transcript-targeted preimplantation diagnosis of heterozygous mutations. Nature Medicine 1:798–803

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  302. ESHRE Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) Consortium: Data Collection II (May 2000) Hum Reprod 15:2673–2683

    Article  Google Scholar 

  303. Findlay I, Ray P, Quirke P, Rutherford A, Lilford R (1995) Allelic drop-out and preferential amplification in single cells and human blastomeres: implications for preimplantation diagnosis of sex and cystic fibrosis. Hum Reprod 10:1609–1618

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  304. Handyside AH, Delhanty JDA (1993) Cleavage stage biopsy of human embryos and diagnosis of x-chromosome-linked recessive disease. In: Edwards RG (Ed) Preconception and preimplantation diagnosis of human genetic disease. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 239–270

    Google Scholar 

  305. Hogan B, Beddington R, Costantini F, Lacy E (1994) Manipulating the mouse embryo — a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, pp 1–109

    Google Scholar 

  306. Huang HY, Krüssel JS, Wen Y, Polan ML (1997) Use of reverse transcription/ polymerase chain reaction to detect embryonic interleukin-1 system messenger RNAs in individual preimplantation mouse embryos cocultured on Vero-cells. Hum Reprod 12:1537–1544

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  307. Johnson MD, Barro JL (1995) Genetic expression of hexokinase, glucose phosphate isomerase, and glucose transport proteins in single mouse embryos and embryonic stem cells. J Soc Gynecol Invest 2:220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  308. Krüssel JS, Huang HY, Wen Y, Kloodt A, Bielfeld P, Polan ML (1997) Different patterns of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-lra) and interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1R tI) mRNA-expression in single preimplantation mouse embryos at various developmental stages. J Reprod Immunol 34:103–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  309. Krüssel JS, Huang HY, Simón C, Behr B, Pape AR, Wen Y, Bielfeld P, Polan ML (1998a) Single blastomeres within human preimplantation embryos express different amounts of messenger ribonucleic acid for-actin and interleukin-1 receptor type I. J Clin Endocrin Metabol 83:953–959

    Article  Google Scholar 

  310. Krüssel JS, Simón C, Rubio MC, Huang HY, Wen Y, Kloodt AR, Bielfeld P, Polan ML (1998b) Expression of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) System Messenger Ribonucleic Acids (mRNAs) in Single Blastomeres from Human Preimplantation Embryos. Hum Reprod 13:2206–2211

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  311. Krüssel JS, Huang HY, Hirchenhain J, Bielfeld P, Cupisti S, Jeremias L, Polan ML (2000) Is there a place for biochemical embryonic preimplantational screening? J Reprod Fertil Suppl 55:147–159

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  312. Kumazaki T, Hamada K, Mitsui Y (1994) Detection of mRNA expression in a single cell by direct RT-PCR. Biotechniques 16:1017–1019

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  313. Pickering SJ, McConnell JM, Johnson MH, Braude PR (1992) Reliability of detection by polymerase chain reaction of the sickle-cell containing region of the β-globin gene in single human blastomeres. Hum Reprod 7:630–636

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  314. Rothstein JL, Johnson D, DeLoia JA, Skowronski J, Solter D, Knowles B (1992) Gene expression during preimplantation mouse development. Genes & Dev 6:1190–1201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  315. Scifer DB, Romero R, Berlinsky D, Hanning RV (1993) Absence of immunoreactive cytokines in supernatants of individual preimplantation human embryos. Am J Reprod Immunol 30:105–107

    Google Scholar 

  316. Sharkey AM, Dellow K, Blayney M, Macnamee M, Charnock-Jones S, Smith SK (1995) Stage-specific expression of cytokine and receptor messenger ri-bonucleic acids in human preimplantation embryos. Biol Reprod 53:974–981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  317. Sheth KV, Roca GL, Al-Sedairy ST, Parhar RS, Hamilton CJCM, Al-Abdul Jabbar F (1991) Prediction of successful embryo implantation by measuring interleukin-1-alpha and immunosuppressive factors) in preimplantation embryo culture fluid. Fertil Steril 55:952–957

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  318. Simón C, Frances A, Piquette GN, El Danasouri I, Zurawski G, Dang W, Polan ML (1994) Embryonic implantation in mice is blocked by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Endocrinology 134:521–528

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  319. Simón C, Frances A, Pellicer A, Polan ML (1995) Cytokines in implantation. Sem Reprod Endocrinol 13:142–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  320. Simón C, Valbuena D, Krüssel JS, Bernai A, Murphy CR, Shaw T, Pellicer A, Polan ML (1998) Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist prevents embryonic implantation by a direct effect on the endometrial epithelium. Fertil Steril 70:896–906

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  321. Stewart CL, Kaspar P, Brunet LJ, Bhatt H, Gadil I, Kontgen F, Abbondanzo SJ (1992) Blastocyst implantation depends on maternal expression of leukemia inhibitory factor. Nature 359:76–79

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  322. Tazuke SI, Giudice LC (1996) Growth factors and cytokines in endometrium, embryonic development, and maternal: embryonic interactions. Sem Reprod Endocrinol 14:231–245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  323. Tesarik J, Kopecny V, Plachnot M, Mandelbaum J (1986) Activation of nucleolar and extranucleolar RNA synthesis and changes in the ribosomal content of human embryos developing in vitro. J Reprod Fertil 78:463–470

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  324. Trounson AL (1992) Preimplantation genetic diagnosis — counting chicken before they hatch? Hum Reprod 7:583–584

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  325. Tsai SJ, Wiltbank MC (1996) Quantification of mRNA using competitive RT-PCR with standardcurve methodology. Biotechniques 21:862–866

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  326. Bradley A, Evans M, Kaufmann MH, Robertson E (1984) Formation of germ line chimeras from embryo derived teratocarcinoma cell lines. Nature 309:255–256

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  327. Brüstle O, Jones NK, Learish RD, Karram K, Choudary K, Wiestler OD, Duncan ID, McKay RDG (1999) Embryonic stem cell-derived glial precursors: A source of myelinating transplants. Science 285:754–756

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  328. Campbell KHS, McWhir J, Ritchie WA, Wilmut I (1996) Sheep cloned by nuclear transfer from a cultured cell line. Nature 380:64–66

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  329. Cibelli JB, Stice SL, Golueke PJ, Kane JJ, Jerry J, Blackwell C, Ponce de Leon FA, Robl JM (1998) Transgenic bovine chimeric offspring produced from somatic cell-derived stem-like cells. Nat Biotechnol 16:642–646

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  330. Doetschman TC, Eistetter H, Katz M, Schmidt W, Kemler R (1985) The in vitro development fo blas-tocyst-derived embryonic stem cell lines: formation of visceral yolk sac, blood islands and myocardium. J Embryol Exp Morphol 87:27–45

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  331. Evans MJ, Gurer C, Loike JD, Wilmut I, Schnieke AE, Schon EA (1999) Mitochondrial DNA genotypes in nuclear transfer-derived cloned sheep. Nature Gen 23:90–93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  332. Evans MJ, Kaufmann MH (1981) Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. Nature 292:154–156

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  333. Gurdon JB (1986) Nuclear transplantation in eggs and oocytes. J Cell Sci Suppl 4:287–318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  334. Jänne J, Hyttinen JM, Peura T, Tolvanen M, Alhonen L, Halmekytö M (1992) Transgenic animals as bioproducers of therapeutic proteins. Annals of Medicine 24:273–280

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  335. Kato Y, Tani T, Sotomaru Y, Kurokawa K, Kato J, Doguchi H, Yasue H, Tsunoda Y (1998) Eight calves cloned from somatic cells of a single adult. Science 282:2095–2098

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  336. Klug MG, Soonpaa MH, Koh GY, Field LJ (1996) Genetically selected cardiomyocytes from differentiating embronic stem cells form stable intracar-diac grafts. J Clin Invest 98:216–224

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  337. Lanza RP, Cibelli JB, Blackwell C, Cristofalo VJ, Francis MK, Baerlocher GM, Mak J, Schertzer M, Chavez EA, Sawyer N, Lansdorp PM, West MD (2000) Extension of cell life-span and telomere length in animals cloned from senescent somatic cells. Science 288:665–669

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  338. Lumelsky N, Blondel O, Laeng P, Velasco I, Ravin R, McKay R (2001) Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells to insulin-secreting structures similar to pancreatic islets. Science 292:1389–1394

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  339. Martin GR (1981) Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:7634–7638

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  340. McCreath KJ, Howcroft J, Campbell KH, Colman A, Schnieke AE, Kind AJ (2000) Production of gene-targeted sheep by nuclear transfer from cultured somatic cells. Nature 405:1066–1069

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  341. McDonald JW, Liu XZ, Qu Y, Liu S, Mickey SK, Turetsky D, Gottlieb DI, Choi DW (1999) Transplanted embryonic stem cells survive, differentiate and promote recovery in injured rat spinal cord. Nat Med 5:1410–1412

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  342. Munsie MJ, Michalska AE, O’Brien CM, Trounson AO, Pera MF, Mountford PS (2000) Isolation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells from reprogrammed adult mouse somatic cell nuclei. Curr Biol 10:989–992

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  343. Onishi A, Iwamoto M, Akita T, Mikawa S, Takeda K, Awata T, Hanada H, Perry AC (2000) Pig cloning by microinjection of fetal fibroblast nuclei. Science 289:1188–1190

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  344. Polejaeva IA, Chen SH, Vaught TD, Page RL, Mullins J, Ball S, Dai Y, Boone J, Walker S, Ayares DL, Colman A, Campbell KH (2000) Cloned pigs produced by nuclear transfer from adult somatic cells. Nature 407:86–90

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  345. Potocnik AJ, Kohler H, Eichmann K (1997) Hema-to-lymphoid in vivo reconstitution potential of subpopulations derived from in vitro differentiated embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(19):10295–10300

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  346. Rideout WM, Wakayama T, Wutz A, Eggan K, Jackson-Grusby L, Dausman J, Yanagimachi R, Jae-nisch R (2000) Generation of mice from wild-type and targeted ES cells by nuclear cloning. Nat Genet 24:109–110

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  347. Schnieke AE, Kind AJ, Ritchie WA, Mycock K, Scott AR, Ritchie M, Wilmut I, Colman A, Campbell KH (1997) Human factor IX transgenic sheep produced by transfer of nuclei from transfected fetal fibroblasts. Science 278:2130–2133

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  348. Shiels PG, Kind AJ, Campbell KH, Waddington D, Wilmut I, Colman A, Schnieke AE (1999) Analysis of telomere lengths in cloned sheep. Nature 399:316–317

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  349. Soria B, Roche E, Berna G, Leon-Quinto T, Reig JA, Martin F (2000) Insulin-secreting cells derived from embryonic stem cells normalize glycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Diabetes 49:157–162

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  350. Thomas KR, Capecchi MR (1987) Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryoderived stem cells. Cell 51:503–512

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  351. Thomson JA, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Shapiro SS, Waknitz MA, Swiergiel JJ, Marshall VS, Jones JM (1998) Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science 282:1145–1147

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  352. Wakayama T, Shinkai Y, Tamashiro KL, Niida H, Blanchard DC, Blanchard RJ, Ogura A, Tanemura K, Tachibana M, Perry AC, Colgan DF, Mombaerts P, Yanagimachi R (2000) Cloning of mice to six generations. Nature 407:318–319

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  353. Wakayama T, Rodriguez I, Perry AC, Yanagimachi R, Mombaerts P (1999) Mice cloned from embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:14984–14989

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  354. Wakayama T, Yanagimachi R (1999) Cloning of male mice from adult tail tip cells. Nat Genet 22:127–128

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  355. Wakayama T, Perry AC, Zucotti M, Johnson KR, Yanagimachi R (1998) Full-term development of mice from enucleated oocytes injected with cumulus cell nuclei. Nature 394:369–374

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  356. Wakayama T, Tabar V, Rodriguez I, Perry AC, Stu-der L, Mombaerts P (2001) Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Generated from Adult Somatic Cells by Nuclear Transfer. Science 292:740–743

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  357. Willadsen SM (1986) Nuclear transplantation in sheep embryos. Nature 320:63–65

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  358. Wilmut I, Schnieke AE, McWhir J, Kind AJ, Campbell KHS (1997) Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. Nature 385:810–813

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  359. Zakian VA (1995) Telomeres: Beginning to understand the end. Science 270:1601–1607

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  360. Carmeliet P (2000) Mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. Nature Med 6:389–395

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  361. Charnock-Jones DS, Sharkey AM, Rajput-Williams J, Burch D, Schofield JP, Fountain SA, Boocock CA, Smith SK (1993) Identification and localization of alternately spliced mRNAs for vascular endothelial growth factor in human uterus and estrogen regulation in endometrial carcinoma cell lines. Biol Reprod 48:1120–1128

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  362. Charnock-Jones DS, Sharkey AM, Boocock CA, Ahmed A, Plevin R, Ferrara N, Smith SK (1994) Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor localization and activation in human trophoblast and choriocarcinoma cells. Biol Reprod 51:524–530

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  363. Cullinan-Bove K, Koos R (1993) Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor expression in the rat uterus: rapid stimulation by estrogen correlates with estrogen induced increases in uterine capillary permeability and growth. Endocrinology 133:829–837

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  364. Donnez J, Smoes P, Gillerot S, Casanas-Roux F, Ni-solle M (1998) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endometriosis. Hum Reprod 13:1686–1690

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  365. Ferrara N, Henzel WJ (1989) Pituitary follicular cells secrete a novel heparin-binding growth factor specific for vascular endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 161:851–858

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  366. Ferrara N, Chen H, Davis-Smyth T, Gerber HP, Nguyen TN, Peers D, Chisholm V, Hillan KJ, Schwall RH (1998) Vascular endothelial growth factor is essential for corpus luteum angiogenesis. Nature Med 4:336–340

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  367. Ferrara N, Alitalo K (1999) Clinical applications of angiogenic growth factors and their inhibitors. Nature Med 5:1359–1364

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  368. Gargett CE, Lederman FL, Lau TM, Taylor NH, Rogers PA (1999) Lack of correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor production and endothelial cell proliferation in the human endome-trium. Hum Reprod 14:2080–2088

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  369. Greb RR, Heikinheimo O, Williams RF, Hodgen GD, Goodman AL (1997) Vascular endothelial growth factor in primate endometrium is regulated by oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor in vivo. Hum Reprod 12:1280–1292

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  370. Gospodarowicz D, Abraham JA, Schilling J (1989) Isolation and characterization of a vascular endothelial cell mitogen produced by pituitary-derived folliculo-stellate cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:7311–7315

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  371. Hanahan D (1997) Signaling vascular morphogenesis and maintenance. Science 277:48–50

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  372. Hanahan D, Folkman J (1997) Patterns and emerging mechanisms of the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis. Cell 86:353–364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  373. Iruela-Arispe ML, Porter P, Bornstein P, Sage EH (1996) Thrombospondin-1, an inhibitor of angiogenesis, is regulated by progesterone in the human endometrium. J Clin Invest 97:403–412

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  374. Iruela-Arispe ML, Rodriguez-Manzaneque JC, Abu-Jawdeh G (1999) Endometrial endothelial cells express estrogen and progesterone receptors and exhibit a tissue specific response to angiogenic growth factors. Microcirculation 6:127–140

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  375. Katoh O, Tauchi H, Kawaishi K, Kimura A, Satow Y (1995) Expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor gene, KDR, in he-matopoietic cells and inhibitory effect of VEGF on apoptotic cell death caused by ionizing radiation. Cancer Res 55(23):5687–5692

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  376. Kendall RL, Thomas KA (1993) Inhibition of vascular endothelial cell growth factor activity by en-dogenously encoded soluble receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:10705–10709

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  377. Klauber N, Rohan RM, Flynn E, D’Amato RJ (1997) Critical components of the female reproductive pathway are suppressed by the angiogenesis inhibitor AGM-1470. Nature Med 3:443–446

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  378. Krüssel JS, Casan EM, Raga F, Hirchenhain J, Wen Y, Huang HY, Bielfeld P, Polan ML (1999) Expression of mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor transmembraneous receptors Fltl and KDR, and the soluble receptor sflt in cycling human en-dometrium. Mol Hum Reprod 5:452–458

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  379. Krüssel JS, Behr B, Hirchenhain J, Wen Y, Milki AA, Cupisti S, Bielfeld P, Polan ML (2000) Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA in human preimplantation embryos derived from tripronuclear zygotes. Fertil Steril 74:1220–1226

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  380. Neufeld G, Cohen T, Gengrinovitch S, Poltorak Z (1999) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors. FASEB J 13:9–22

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  381. Nikitenko LL, MacKenzie IZ, Rees MCP, Bicknell R (2000) Adrenomedullin is an autocrine regulator of endothelial growth in human endometrium. Mol Hum Reprod 6:811–819

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  382. Popovici RM, Irwin JC, Giaccia AJ, Giudice LC (1999) Hypoxia and cAMP stimulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human endome-trial stromal cells: potential relevance to menstruation and endometrial regeneration. J Clin Endocri-nol Metab 84:2245–2248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  383. Rogers PA, Lederman F, Taylor N (1998) Endometrial microvascular growth in normal and dysfunctional states. Hum Reprod Update 4:503–508

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  384. Semenza GL (1998) Hypoxia-inducible factor 1: master regulator of 02 homeostasis. Curr Opin Genet Dev 8:588–594

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  385. Senger DR, Galli SJ, Dvorak AM, Peruzzi CA, Harvey VS, Dvorak HF (1989) Tumor cells secrete a vascular permeability factor that promotes accumulation of ascites fluid. Science 219:983–985

    Article  Google Scholar 

  386. Sharkey AM, Day K, McPherson A, Malik S, Licence D, Smith SK, Charnock-Jones DS (2000) Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human endometrium is regulated by hypoxia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:402–409

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  387. Shibuya M, Yamaguchi S, Yamane A, Ikeda T, Tojo A, Matsushime H, Sato M (1990) Nucleotide sequence and expression of a novel human receptor-type tyrosine kinase gene (fit) closely related to the fms family. Oncogene 5:519–524

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  388. Shifren JL, Tseng JF, Zaloudek CJ, Ryan IP, Meng YG, Ferrara N, Jaffe RB, Taylor RN (1996) Ovarian steroid regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in the human endometrium: implications for angiogenesis during the menstrual cycle and in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:3112–3118

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  389. Soker S, Takashima S, Miao HQ, Neufeld G, Klagsbrun M (1998) Neuropilin-1 is expressed by endothelial and tumor cells as an isoform-speciflc receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor. Cell 92:735–745

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  390. Terman BI, Carrion ME, Kovacs E, Rasmussen BA, Eddy RL, Shows TB (1991) Identification of a new endothelial cell growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase. Oncogene 6:1677–1683

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  391. Torry DS, Holt VJ, Keenan JA, Harris G, Caudle MR, Torry RJ (1996) Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in cycling human endometrium. Fertil Steril 66:72–80

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  392. Yancopoulos GD, Davis S, Gale NW, Rudge JS, Wiegand SJ, Holash J (2000) Vascular-specific growth factors and blood vessel formation. Nature 407:242–248

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  393. Zhao Y, Hague S, Manek S, Zhang L, Bicknell R, Rees MC (1998) PCR display identifies tamoxifen induction of the novel angiogenic factor adrenomedullin by a non estrogenic mechanism in the human endometrium. Oncogene 16:409–415

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  394. Acosta AA, Elberger L, Borghi M, Calamera JC, Chemes H, Doncel GF, Kliman H, Lema B, Lustig L, Papier S (2000) Endometrial dating and determination of the window of implantation in healthy fertile women. Fertil Steril 73:788–798

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  395. Aplin JD, Spanswick C, Behzad F, Kimber SJ, Vicovac L (1996) Integrins beta 5, beta 3 and alphav are apically distributed in endometrial epithelium. Mol Hum Reprod 2:527–534

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  396. Burghardt RC, Bowen JA, Newton GR, Bazer FW (1997) Extracellular matrix and the implantation cascade in pigs. J Reprod Fertil 52(Suppl):151–164

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  397. Coutifaris C, Omigbodun A, Coukos G (1998) Integrins, endometrial maturation, & human embryo implantation. Seminars in Reproductive Endocrinology 16:219–229

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  398. Dou Q, Williams RS, Chegini N (1999) Expression of integrin messenger ribonucleic acid in human endometrium: a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction study. Fertil Steril 71:347–353

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  399. Garcia-Velasco JA, Arici A (1999) Interleukin-8 expression in endometrial stromal cells is regulated by integrin-dependent cell adhesion. Mol Hum Reprod 5:1135–1140

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  400. Garcia-Velasco JA, Seli E, Arici A (1999) Regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression in human endometrial stromal cells by integrin-dependent cell adhesion. Biol Reprod 61:548–552

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  401. Gilmore AP, Burridge K (1996) Molecular mechanisms for focal adhesion assembly through regulation of protein-protein interactions. Structure 4:647–651

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  402. Gonzalez RR, Palomino A, Boric A, Vega M, Devo-to L (1999) A quantitative evaluation of alphal, alpha 4, alphav and beta 3 endometrial integrins of fertile and unexplained infertile women during the menstrual cycle. A flow cytometric appraisal. Hum Reprod 14:2485–2492

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  403. Graham RA, Scif MW, Aplin J, Li TC, Cooke ID, Roges AW (1990) An endometrial factor in unexplained fertility. Br Med J 300:1428–1431

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  404. Humphries MF (1996) Integrin activation: The link between ligand binding and signal transduction. Curr Opin Cell Biol 8:632–640

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  405. Hynes RO (1992) Integrins: Versatility, modulation, and signaling in cell adhesion. Cell 69:11–25

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  406. Illera MJ, Cullinan E, Gui Y, Yuan L, Beyler SA, Lessey BA (2000) Blockade of the alpha(v) beta(3) integrin adversely affects implantation in the mouse. Biol Reprod 62:1285–1290

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  407. Kimmins S, MacLaren LA (1999) Cyclic modulation of integrin expression in bovine endome-trium. Biol Reprod 61:1267–1274

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  408. Klentzeris LD, Bulmer JN, Li TC, Morrison L, Warren A, Cooke ID (1991) Lectin binding of endome-trium in women with unexplained infertility. Fertil Steril 56:660–667

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  409. Koks CA, Groothuis PG, Dunselman GA, de Goeij AF, Evers JL (2000) Adhesion of menstrual endo-metrium to extracellular matrix: the possible role of integrin alpha(6)beta(1) and laminin interaction. Mol Hum Reprod 6:170–177

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  410. Lessey BA, Arnold JT (1998) Parcrine signalling in the endometrium: integrins and the establishment of uterine receptivity. J Reprod Immunol 39:105–116

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  411. Lessey BA, Castaelbaum AJ, Sawin SW, Sun J (1995) Integrins as a marker of uterine receptivity in women with primary unexplained infertility. Fertil Steril 63:535–542

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  412. Lessey BA, Castelbaum AJ, Sawin SW, Buck CA, Schinnar R, Bilker W et al (1994) Aberrant integrin expression in the endometrium of women with en-dometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79:643–649

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  413. Lessey BA, Castelbaum AJ, Wolf L, Greene W, Paulson M, Meyer WR, Fritz MA (2000) Use of integrins to date the endometrium. Fertil Steril 73:779–787

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  414. Lessey BA, Damjanovich L, Coutifaris C, Castelbaum A, Albelda SM, Buck CA (1992) Integrin adhesion molecules in the human endometrium: Correlation with the normal and abnormal menstrual cycle. J Clin Invest 90:188–195

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  415. Lessey BA, Ilesanmi AO, Lessey MA, Riben M, Harris JE, Chwalisz K (1996) Luminal and glandular endometrial epithelium express integrins differentially throughout the menstrual cycle: Implications for implantation, contraception, and infertility. Am J Reprod Immunol 35:195–204

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  416. Lodish H, Baltimore D, Berk A, Zipursky SL, Mat-sudaira P, Darnell J (Hrsg) (1996) Molekulare Zellbiologie. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin New York, S 1172–1178

    Google Scholar 

  417. Longhurst CM, Jennings LK (1998) Integrin-mediated signal transduction. Cell Mol Life Sci 54:514–526

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  418. Noyes RW, Hertig AL, Rock J (1950) Dating the endometrial biopsy. Fertil Steril 1:3–25

    Google Scholar 

  419. Reddy KV, Meherji PK (1999) Integrin cell adhesion molecules in endometrium of fertile and infertile women throughout menstrual cycle. Indian J Exp Biol 37:323–331

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  420. Shiokawa S, Yoshimura Y, Nagamatsu S, Sawa H, Hanashi H, Koyama N et al (1996) Function of ßl integrins on human decidual cells during implantation. Biol Reprod 54:745–752

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  421. Shiokawa S, Yoshimura Y, Nagamatsu S, Sawa H, Hanashi H, Oda T et al (1996) Expression of β1 integrins in human endometrial stromal and decidual cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:1533–1540

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  422. Sillem M, Prifti S, Monga B, Arslic T, Runnebaum B (1999) Integrin-mediated adhesion of uterine endometrial cells from endometriosis patients to extracellular matrix proteins is enhanced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1). Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 87:123–127

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  423. Sillem M, Prifti S, Schmidt M, Rabe T, Runnebaum B (1997) Endometrial integrin expression is independent of estrogen or progestin treatment in vitro. Fertil Steril 67:877–882

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  424. Somkuti SG, Yuan L, Fritz MA, Lessey BA (1997) Epidermal growth factor and sex steroids dynamically regulate a marker of endometrial receptivity in Ishikawa cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:2192–2197

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  425. Sueoka K, Shiokawa S, Miyazaki T, Kuji N, Tanaka M, Yoshimura Y (1997) Integrins and reproductive physiology: expression and modulation in fertilization, embryogenesis, and implantation. Fertil Steril 67:799–811

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  426. Tabibzadeh S, Babaknia A (1995) The signals and molecular pathways involved in implantation: Symbiotic interaction between blastocyst and endometrium involving adhesion and tissue invasion. Hum Reprod 10:1579–1602

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  427. van der Linden PJQ, de Goeij AFRPM, Dunselman GAJ, Erkens HWH, Evers JLH (1995) Expression of cadherins and integrins in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle. Fertil Steril 63:1206–1210

    Google Scholar 

  428. van der Linden PJQ, de Goeij AFRPM, Dunselman GAJ, van der Linden EPM, Ramaekers FCS, Evers JLH (1994) Expression of integrins and cadherin in cells from menstrual effluent, endometrium, peritoneal fluid, peritoneum, and endometriosis. Fertil Steril 61:85–90

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  429. Vouri K (1998) Integrin signaling: Tyrosine phos-phorylation events in focal adhesions. J Membr Biol 165:191–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  430. Widra EA, Weeraratna A, Stepp MA, Stillman RJ, Patierno SR (1997) Modulation of implantation-associated integrin expression but not uteroglobin by steroid hormones in an endometrial cell line. Mol Hum Reprod 3:563–568

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. F.-M. Köhn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Pflieger-Bruss
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. C. Müller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. H.-C. Schuppe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. W.-B. Schill
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Universitäts-Frauenklinik, Universitätsstraße 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany

    Matthias W. Beckmann  & Peter Andreas Fasching  & 

  2. Universitäts-Frauenklinik, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Peter Dall , Jan-Steffen Krüssel , Dieter Niederacher  & Boris Tutschek , ,  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Köhn, FM., Pflieger-Bruss, S., Müller, C., Schuppe, HC., Schill, WB. (2002). Reproduktionsmedizin. In: Beckmann, M.W., Fasching, P.A., Dall, P., Krüssel, JS., Niederacher, D., Tutschek, B. (eds) Molekulare Medizin in der Frauenheilkunde. Steinkopff, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57533-4_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57533-4_15

  • Publisher Name: Steinkopff, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63289-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-57533-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation